CN103915651A - Starch-based polymer electrolyte of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Starch-based polymer electrolyte of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to starch-based polymer electrolyte of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of pre-gelatinizing porous starch, and preparing a porous starch membrane under the effect of a coagulant and a pore forming agent, wherein not only is a porous structure formed on the starch membrane, but also a porous structure is formed inside starch particles forming the membrane; grafting a group which can be subjected to complexing with lithium ions on the walls of two holes of the porous starch membrane, finally, immersing the starch membrane into a lithium salt solution for complexing, and drying the starch membrane to prepare the starch-based polymer electrolyte membrane of the lithium battery. The polymer electrolyte not only is high in ion conductivity and high in migration lithium ion density; but also is excellent in mechanical performance, low in production cost, suitable for industrialized production and high in application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium battery material field, be specifically related to a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is to have now one of secondary cell of development potentiality most, has that operating voltage is high, energy density is high, discharge and recharge the features such as the life-span is long, self discharge is little, volume is little, memory-less effect, environmental protection.Although lithium ion battery is widely used in multiple fields such as military and national defense, electric automobile, portable digital equipments at present, but simultaneously also also more and more higher to the requirement of its performance, especially need to improve in the defect aspect fail safe, specific energy, high temperature performance and cyclical stability.Along with attention and the development of people to lithium ion battery, comparative maturity of the selection of the negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation technology, and also have many defects to improve in selection and the preparation of positive electrode, electrolyte and diaphragm material.
Polymer dielectric for lithium ion battery mainly will meet following requirement: first will have higher ionic conductivity.For can reach that liquid electrolytic plastidome has 10
-3a/cm
2the level of discharge current density, the room-temperature conductivity of polymer dielectric must reach or approach 10
-5the level of S/cm; It is less important has certain mechanical strength, the most important factor that will consider when processability is actual production, can make self-supporting film although there are a lot of electrolyte, and there is good chemical property, but their mechanical strength need to improve, to adapt to traditional extensive coating course of processing; Less important again have a higher lithium ion transference number.High lithium ion transference number can reduce the concentration polarization in charge and discharge process, thereby makes lithium ion battery have higher energy density.The electrolyte that lithium ion battery uses is at present the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing lithium salts substantially, exist lithium ion conducting rate low, the defect of bad mechanical strength, and can not degrading, and starch is as one of the most promising bioabsorbable polymer material now, there is active group many, can film forming, degradable, the plurality of advantages such as renewable, having the advantage in performance and price, is one of trend of Future Development.
China Patent Publication No. CN103441300A discloses and has contained gel polymer electrolyte of natural macromolecular material and preparation method thereof and application, in this invention, use the natural macromolecular materials such as starch as basis material, mix with compounds such as lithium salts and make gel polymer electrolyte again, it is good that this kind of gel electrolyte not only has security performance, fine with electrode material compatibility, the feature that cyclicity and high rate performance are good, and good biocompatibility, degradable, eco-friendly feature, but owing to only the bioabsorbable polymer materials such as starch having been carried out to simple modification in the method, can be few with the group quantity of lithium ion complexing, also not for lithium ion migration provides passage, thereby exist lithium ion transference number low, ionic conductivity is low, the defect of bad mechanical strength.
China Patent Publication No. CN103155267A discloses a kind of starch base battery system.In this invention, use the electrolyte of treated starch as battery system, this cell discharge performance excellence, safe and reliable, environment-protecting asepsis, but because the starch electrolyte using in this battery system has just carried out simple kneading crosslinking Treatment, therefore can be few with the group quantity of lithium ion complexing in this starch electrolyte, cause the defect that lithium ion transference number is low, also not for lithium ion migration provides passage, cause ionic conductivity also lower.
According to above-mentioned, starch also can, as the basis material of polymer dielectric, also can be utilized through certain processing on lithium battery energy storage battery.Using at present starch to prepare polymer dielectric is all only starch have been done to simple modification, and the starch polymer electrolyte making exists bad mechanical strength, and lithium ion transference number is low, the defect that ionic conductivity is low.
Summary of the invention
The ionic conductivity existing for current starch polymer electrolyte is lower, lithium ion transference number is low, the defect of bad mechanical strength has proposed a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof, for achieving the above object, porous-starch is first carried out pre-gelatinization processing by the present invention, then the starch film of making porous under the effect of coagulant and pore creating material, this starch film not only has loose structure on film, and the starch granules inside of component film also exists loose structure; Can be grafted on the hole wall in two kinds of holes that porous-starch film has with the group of lithium ion complexing having again, finally immerse in the solution of lithium salts and carry out complex reaction, take out and make a kind of lithium battery starch-based polymer dielectric film through super-dry, this polymer dielectric not only has very high ionic conductivity and transportable lithium ion density, and mechanical property excellence, production cost is low.
The present invention is starch-based polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof for a kind of lithium ion battery, it is characterized in that its each component counts by weight:
Porous-starch 65-80 part,
NaOH 2-4 part,
Coagulant 2-5 part,
Pore creating material 5-10 part,
Modifier 3-5 part,
Lithium salt solution 5-10 part,
Wherein said porous-starch is to refer to the enzyme with raw amylase activity lower than acting on one or more in the cellular wheaten starch of porousness that raw starch forms, potato starch, cornstarch, tapioca, konjak starch under gelatinization point, starch surface is covered with the aperture that diameter is 10nm-500nm, by surface to center deeply, the volume in hole accounts for the 45%-55% of particle volume to aperture; Described coagulant is one or more of borate family, thiazoles, diphenylguanidine class; Described pore creating material is one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, ethylene glycol; Described modifier is with activity hydroxy, carboxyl and amino little molecule straight chain polymer; Described lithium salt solution is that LiBF4 solution, two oxalic acid close one or more in lithium borate solution, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium solution, lithium hexafluoro phosphate solution, two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium solution.
Above-mentioned a kind of lithium ion battery is with in the electrolytical each component of starch-based polymer, and the wherein said modifier degree of polymerization is 10-50.
Above-mentioned a kind of lithium ion battery is with in the electrolytical each component of starch-based polymer, one or more in wherein said modifier optimization polyurethane, polycarboxylate, polyethers.
A kind of lithium ion battery of the present invention is as follows by the electrolytical concrete preparation process of starch-based polymer:
1) porous-starch of 65-80 weight portion is dissolved in reactor in the distilled water of 30-40 degree Celsius, forms solution, be then warming up to 60-80 degree Celsius, add the NaOH of 2-4 part to carry out pre-gelatinization processing, obtain porous-starch colloidal sol;
2) in the porous-starch colloidal sol obtaining in step 1), add the coagulant of 2-5 weight portion and the pore creating material of 5-10 weight portion, be uniformly mixed fully reaction 30-60min and obtain casting solution, vacuum defoamation is processed rear blade coating on glass plate, natural coagulation 2-3h, film forming is placed on 1-2h in the baking oven that is heated to 50-80 degree Celsius, make pore creating material volatilization, obtain porous-starch film;
3) by step 2) the porous-starch film that obtains immerses and is equipped with in the irradiation tube of 3-5 weight portion modifier, carries out graft modification and process 20-40min under the condition of penetrating at irradiation, takes out the porous-starch film that obtains modification;
4) the porous-starch film of modification step 3) being obtained is immersed in the solution of lithium salts of 5-10 weight portion and carries out complex reaction 10-20min, taking-up is placed in vacuum drying chamber, dry a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte that obtains in vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere.
The electrolytical concrete preparation process 4 of starch-based polymer for above-mentioned a kind of lithium ion battery) described in irradiation tube be quartz glass tube.
The electrolytical concrete preparation process 4 of starch-based polymer for above-mentioned a kind of lithium ion battery) described in irradiation penetrate as the one in ultraviolet irradiation, low temperature plasma irradiation or high-energy ray irradiation.
The porous-starch that the present invention uses has microcellular structure in starch granules, for the migration in starch granules of lithium ion provides passage, has improved the migration rate of lithium ion; By pre-gelatinization processing, under the effect of coagulant and pore creating material, obtain a kind of starch film of porous, this porous-starch film not only has excellent mechanical performance, and loose structure in starch film is further for the migration of lithium ion in starch film provides passage, has improved lithium ion migration velocity; The surface that steric hindrance is little, can be grafted to the little molecule straight chain polymer with activity hydroxy, carboxyl and amino of lithium ion complexing hole wall in starch granules and starch film will be there is in a large number again, thereby increased can with the group quantity of lithium ion complexing, ensure transportable lithium ion density very high in this starch-based polymer electrolyte, be conducive to the migration of lithium ion; This starch-based polymer electrolyte not only has advantages of that very high ionic conductivity, mechanical property are good, nontoxic, green environmental protection degradable, and preparation method is simple, and production cost is low, is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
The outstanding feature of the present invention is:
1, the porous-starch that the present invention uses has microcellular structure in starch granules, for the migration in starch granules of lithium ion provides passage, has improved the migration rate of lithium ion, and lithium ion conducting rate is improved.
2, the present invention by have in a large number steric hindrance little, can with lithium ion complexing be grafted to starch film surface with activity hydroxy, carboxyl and amino little molecule straight chain polymer, increased can with the group quantity of lithium ion complexing, ensured very high lithium ion transference number in this starch-based polymer electrolyte.
3, the present invention is by pre-porous-starch gelatinization processing, then under the effect of coagulant and pore creating material, make the starch film of porous, the porous-starch film obtaining not only has excellent mechanical performance, and loose structure in starch film is also for the migration of lithium ion in starch film provides passage, improve lithium ion migration velocity, also improved lithium ion conducting rate.
4, the present invention uses the basis material of porous-starch as polymer dielectric, has advantages of nontoxic, green environmental protection degradable.
5, production process of the present invention is simple, and production cost is lower, easy to operate, is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Starch-based polymer electrolyte and other polymer dielectric that the present invention is made are tested, and result is as follows:
| Material | Ionic conductivity (S/cm) | Lithium ion transference number (individual/cm) |
| Pure solid polymer electrolyte | 1×10 -4-8×10 -3 | 10 2 |
| Gel polymer electrolyte | 5×10 -4-4×10 -3 | 10 3 |
| Polymer dielectric of the present invention | 4×10 -4-6×10 -3 | 10 4 |
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is preparation technology's flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but this should be interpreted as to scope of the present invention only limits to following example.In the situation that not departing from said method thought of the present invention, various replacements or the change made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, all should be within the scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
1) corn porous starch of 65 weight portions is dissolved in reactor in the distilled water of 30 degrees Celsius, forms solution, be then warming up to 80 degrees Celsius, add the NaOH of 2 parts to carry out pre-gelatinization processing, obtain porous-starch colloidal sol;
2) in the porous-starch colloidal sol obtaining in step 1), add the Boratex of 2 weight portions and the methyl alcohol of 5 parts by weight, be uniformly mixed fully reaction 30min and obtain casting solution, vacuum defoamation is processed rear blade coating on glass plate, natural coagulation 2h, film forming is placed on 1h in the baking oven that is heated to 50 degrees Celsius, make pore creating material volatilization, obtain porous-starch film;
3) by step 2) the porous-starch film that obtains immerses and is equipped with in the irradiation tube of polyurethane-modified dose of 5 weight portions, carries out graft modification and process 40min under the condition of penetrating at ultraviolet irradiation, takes out the porous-starch film that obtains modification;
4) the porous-starch film of modification step 3) being obtained is immersed in the LiBF4 solution of 5 weight portions and carries out complex reaction 20min, takes out and is placed in vacuum drying chamber, in a vacuum dry a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte that obtains.
embodiment 2
1) the potato porous-starch of 80 weight portions is dissolved in reactor in the distilled water of 30 degrees Celsius, forms solution, be then warming up to 75 degrees Celsius, add the NaOH of 4 parts to carry out pre-gelatinization processing, obtain porous-starch colloidal sol;
2) in the porous-starch colloidal sol obtaining in step 1), add the thiazoles coagulant of 5 weight portions and the ethanol of 10 weight portions, be uniformly mixed fully reaction 60min and obtain casting solution, vacuum defoamation is processed rear blade coating on glass plate, natural coagulation 3h, film forming is placed on 2h in the baking oven that is heated to 80 degrees Celsius, make pore creating material volatilization, obtain porous-starch film;
3) by step 2) the porous-starch film that obtains immerses and is equipped with in the irradiation tube of polycarboxylate modifier of 3 weight portions, carries out graft modification and process 20min under the condition of penetrating at low temperature plasma irradiation, takes out the porous-starch film that obtains modification;
4) two oxalic acid that the porous-starch film of modification step 3) being obtained is immersed in 10 weight portions close and in lithium borate solution, carry out complex reaction 20min, taking-up is placed in vacuum drying chamber, dry a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte that obtains in vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere.
embodiment 3
1) the konjaku porous-starch of 70 weight portions is dissolved in reactor in the distilled water of 40 degrees Celsius, forms solution, be then warming up to 70 degrees Celsius, add the NaOH of 3 parts to carry out pre-gelatinization processing, obtain porous-starch colloidal sol;
2) in the porous-starch colloidal sol obtaining in step 1), add the diphenylguanidine class coagulant of 2-5 weight portion and the propyl alcohol of 10 weight portions, be uniformly mixed fully reaction 40min and obtain casting solution, vacuum defoamation is processed rear blade coating on glass plate, natural coagulation 3h, film forming is placed on 1h in the baking oven that is heated to 80 degrees Celsius, make pore creating material volatilization, obtain porous-starch film;
3) by step 2) the porous-starch film that obtains immerses and is equipped with in the irradiation tube of polyether-modified dose of 4 weight portions, carries out graft modification and process 40min under the condition of penetrating at high-energy ray irradiation, takes out the porous-starch film that obtains modification;
4) the porous-starch film of modification step 3) being obtained is immersed in the trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium solution of 8 weight portions and carries out complex reaction 10min, taking-up is placed in vacuum drying chamber, in a vacuum dry a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte that obtains.
embodiment 4
1) the wheat porous-starch of 65 weight portions is dissolved in reactor in the distilled water of 40 degrees Celsius, forms solution, be then warming up to 65 degrees Celsius, add the NaOH of 3 parts to carry out pre-gelatinization processing, obtain porous-starch colloidal sol;
2) in the porous-starch colloidal sol obtaining in step 1), add the diphenylguanidine class coagulant agent of 2-5 weight portion and the ethylene glycol of 5 weight portions, be uniformly mixed fully reaction 60min and obtain casting solution, vacuum defoamation is processed rear blade coating on glass plate, natural coagulation 3h, film forming is placed on 2h in the baking oven that is heated to 80 degrees Celsius, make pore creating material volatilization, obtain porous-starch film;
3) by step 2) the porous-starch film that obtains immerses and is equipped with in the irradiation tube of polyurethane-modified dose of 5 weight portions, carries out graft modification and process 30min under the condition of penetrating at ultraviolet irradiation, takes out the porous-starch film that obtains modification;
4) the porous-starch film of modification step 3) being obtained is immersed in the lithium hexafluoro phosphate solution of 10 weight portions and carries out complex reaction 15min, taking-up is placed in vacuum drying chamber, dry a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte that obtains in nitrogen atmosphere.
Claims (6)
1. a lithium battery starch-based polymer electrolyte, is characterized in that its material weight part is composed as follows:
Porous-starch 65-80 part,
NaOH 2-4 part,
Coagulant 2-5 part,
Pore creating material 5-10 part,
Modifier 3-5 part,
Lithium salt solution 5-10 part,
Wherein said porous-starch refers to the enzyme with raw amylase activity at the cellular starch of porousness forming lower than acting on raw starch under gelatinization point, starch surface is covered with the aperture that diameter is 10nm-500nm, by surface to center deeply, the volume in hole accounts for the 45%-55% of particle volume to aperture; Described coagulant is one or more of borate family, thiazoles, diphenylguanidine class; Described pore creating material is one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, ethylene glycol; Described modifier is with activity hydroxy, carboxyl and amino straight chain polymer; Described lithium salt solution is that mass fraction is that the LiBF4 solution of 35%-50%, two oxalic acid close one or more in lithium borate solution, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium solution, lithium hexafluoro phosphate solution, two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium solution.
2. a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that described porous-starch is one or more in wheaten starch, potato starch, cornstarch, tapioca, konjak starch;
A kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that the polymer that the described modifier degree of polymerization is 10-50.
3. a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that described modifier is one or more in polyurethane, polycarboxylate, polyethers.
4. a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that concrete preparation process is as follows:
1) porous-starch of 65-80 weight portion is dissolved in reactor in the distilled water of 30-40 degree Celsius, forms solution, be then warming up to 60-80 degree Celsius, add the NaOH of 2-4 part to carry out pre-gelatinization processing, obtain porous-starch colloidal sol;
2) in the porous-starch colloidal sol obtaining in step 1), add the coagulant of 2-5 weight portion and the pore creating material of 5-10 weight portion, be uniformly mixed fully reaction 30-60min and obtain casting solution, vacuum defoamation is processed rear blade coating on glass plate, natural coagulation 2-3h, film forming is placed on 1-2h in the baking oven that is heated to 50-80 degree Celsius, make pore creating material volatilization, obtain porous-starch film;
3) by step 2) the porous-starch film that obtains immerses and is equipped with in the irradiation tube of 3-5 weight portion modifier, carries out graft modification and process 20-40min under the condition of penetrating at irradiation, takes out the porous-starch film that obtains modification;
4) the porous-starch film of modification step 3) being obtained is immersed in the solution of lithium salts of 5-10 weight portion and carries out complex reaction 10-20min, taking-up is placed in vacuum drying chamber, dry a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte that obtains in vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere.
5. a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte preparation method according to claim 4, its feature is quartz glass tube at described irradiation tube.
6. a kind of lithium ion battery starch-based polymer electrolyte preparation method according to claim 4, its feature is penetrated as the one in ultraviolet irradiation, low temperature plasma irradiation or high-energy ray irradiation at described irradiation.
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| CN201410128263.0A CN103915651B (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2014-04-01 | A kind of starch-based polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof for lithium ion battery |
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| CN201410128263.0A CN103915651B (en) | 2014-04-01 | 2014-04-01 | A kind of starch-based polymer electrolyte and preparation method thereof for lithium ion battery |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107069082A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-08-18 | 中南大学 | One kind is saccharide-modified to lead lighium polymer/inorganic hybridization electrolyte and its application |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103441300A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 浙江地坤键新能源科技有限公司 | Gel polymer electrolyte containing natural high molecular material as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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2014
- 2014-04-01 CN CN201410128263.0A patent/CN103915651B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103441300A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 浙江地坤键新能源科技有限公司 | Gel polymer electrolyte containing natural high molecular material as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| M F SHUKUR等: "《Electrical analysis of amorphous corn starch-based polymer electrolyte membranes doped with LiI》", 《PHYSICA SCRIPTA》 * |
| R.I. MATTOS等: "《NMR study of starch based polymer gel electrolytes: Humidity effects》", 《ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA》 * |
| Y. N. SUDHAKAR等: "《Ionic conductivity studies and dielectric studies of Poly(styrene sulphonic acid)/starch blend polymer electrolyte containing LiClO4》", 《J APPL ELECTROCHEM》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107069082A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-08-18 | 中南大学 | One kind is saccharide-modified to lead lighium polymer/inorganic hybridization electrolyte and its application |
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Effective date of registration: 20170122 Address after: 201406 Fengxian District Guangming Road, green village, Shanghai, No. 3492 Patentee after: Shanghai DLG Batteriy Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Shanghai DLG Battery Co., Ltd. Address before: Qingyang District of Chengdu City, Sichuan province 610091 Dragon Industrial Port East Road 4 Patentee before: Sichuan Chengdu New Keli Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. |
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