CN103910899A - High conductivity polymer coating and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High conductivity polymer coating and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high conductivity polymer coating and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises following steps of (1) cleaning a substrate and steeping into a dopamine hydrochloride buffer solution for oxidizing reaction, thereby obtaining a poly-dopamine modified substrate after reaction; (2) carrying out in-situ polymerization reaction on the poly-dopamine modified substrate obtained in step (1), a conducting polymer monomer and an oxidizing agent in a solvent, thereby obtaining the conducting polymer coating on the substrate after reaction. The method adopts the poly-dopamine, which has universal growing capacity and superstrong adhesive capacity, as a modifying layer, and uses various interactions of the multifunctional groups on the surface of the poly-dopamine on the growth of the conducting polymer so as to prepare the compact high conductivity coating. Compared with the prior art, the coating is compact and has high bonding strength and high conductivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high electroconductive polymer coating and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
Conductive polymers is a kind of novel functional polymer, have lightweight, easily preparation, structure various regulate and control etc. advantage, there is potential using value at photoelectric device and field of microelectronic devices, sensor field, the aspect such as anticorrosion.Prepare uniform transparent or semitransparent coating and in practical application in industry, have very important value.
Polyaniline, polypyrrole, Polythiophene and derivative thereof are materials more conventional in conducting polymer materials, but are difficult to be dissolved in general solvent because their special conjugated structures cause it, be difficult to adopt traditional forming method processing, seriously hinder its use.For its processing film forming, people have done a large amount of research: conductive polymers can form the uniform coating of one deck at electrode surface by electrochemical method, but this method is only limited on conductive electrode surface; Conductive polymers can use with some film coalescence aid are collaborative, as polyvinyl chloride, polymethylmethacrylate etc., improve processability, but in electroconductive polymer coating prepared by this method, be mixed with a large amount of non-conductive auxiliary agents, and along with the increase of polyaniline content, its film forming properties variation, is unfavorable for forming continuous electroconductive polymer coating mutually; Conductive polymers monomer is carried out to modification and prepare soluble conductive polymers and derivative thereof, as polyaniline block, graft copolymer, polythiofuran derivative etc., this method can improve its solvability is convenient to processing, but its good conductivity and other electric property are sacrificed, and complex process, cost is high, is difficult to industrial applications; Conductive polymers can adopt single stage method, directly in substrate, prepares coating, but the homogeneity adhesiveproperties of coating is poor, and conductivity also has much room for improvement, and the coating obtaining is difficult to directly application in industry.Therefore this area is in the urgent need to a kind of method of preparing electroconductive polymer coating of practicality.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of high electroconductive polymer coating and preparation method thereof and application.
The method of preparing electroconductive polymer coating provided by the invention, comprises the steps:
1) substrate is cleaned in the rear damping fluid that immerses dopamine hydrochloride and added oxygenant to carry out oxidizing reaction, react the complete poly-coating modified substrate of Dopamine HCL that obtains;
2) substrate, conductive polymers monomer and the oxygenant of the poly-Dopamine HCL modification of step 1) gained are carried out to home position polymerization reaction in solvent, react the complete described electroconductive polymer coating that obtains in substrate.
In the step 1) of aforesaid method, base material is any substrate, can be thin-film material, block materials, filamentary material etc.; Can be metallic substance as alloy material, nonferrous materials, special metal material, metal oxide materials (ITO) etc. from material category point; Ceramic is as carbon fiber, glass, mica, ceramic etc.; Organic materials is as polyolefine, polyester, nylon, polyimide, tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polysulfones, polyethersulfone, organosilicon material, elastomeric material, urethane, cellulose materials etc.;
In described step 1), in the damping fluid of described dopamine hydrochloride, solvent is the mixed solution that water or the water that is 1:0～4 by volume ratio and organic solvent form, and the volume of water is not 0; Described organic solvent be can be miscible with water polar organic solvent, be specifically selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N, at least one in N '-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran (THF);
The pH value of the damping fluid of described dopamine hydrochloride is 3-11, is specially 8.5; Concentration is 0.1mg/ml～10mg/ml, is specially 1-3mg/ml;
Described oxygenant is selected from least one in the aqueous solution, ammonium persulphate, sodium periodate, iron(ic) chloride, iron nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Iodate and the tosic acid iron of oxygen, air, hydrogen peroxide; The mass percentage concentration of the aqueous solution of described hydrogen peroxide is 0-50%, is specially 30-35%, and described concentration is not 0;
In described oxidation step, temperature is-70 DEG C～85 DEG C, is specially 10-30 DEG C, 10 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 30 DEG C; Time is 0.1～72 hour, is specially 4-12 hour, 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours;
In the coating modified substrate of described poly-Dopamine HCL, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 2nm～10 μ m, is specially 10nm-30nm.
Described step 2) in, conductive polymers monomer is at least one in aniline and derivative, pyrroles and derivative thereof and thiophene and derivatives, is specially aniline, pyrroles or 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene;
Described oxygenant is selected from least one in ammonium persulphate, sodium periodate, iron(ic) chloride, iron nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Iodate and tosic acid iron;
The mixed solution that the water that described solvent is is 1:0～4 by volume ratio and organic solvent form, and the volume of water is not 0; Described organic solvent be can be miscible with water polar organic solvent, be specifically selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N, at least one in N '-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran (THF);
The pH value of reaction system is 0-14, is specially 0-3.
The molar ratio of conductive polymers monomer and oxygenant is 0.1～10:1, is specially 0.8-2:1,0.8:1,2:1,1:1; The volumetric molar concentration of described conductive polymers monomer in the reaction system by conductive polymers monomer, oxygenant and solvent composition is 0.001～10M, is specially 0.04-0.2M.
In described home position polymerization reaction step, the time is 0.1～72 hour; Temperature is-70 DEG C～85 DEG C, is specially-10 DEG C to 30 DEG C ,-10 DEG C, 10 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 30 DEG C.
In addition, the electroconductive polymer coating preparing according to the method described above and this electroconductive polymer coating, preparing the application in electro-conductive material and comprising the electro-conductive material of described electroconductive polymer coating, also belong to protection scope of the present invention.Wherein, the thickness of this coating is 5nm～1mm, is specially 60nm, 80nm, 120nm, 150nm, 400nm, 60-400nm.
The present invention selects the poly-Dopamine HCL that has pervasive growth and possess Ultrastrength adhesive ability as modified layer, and the various interactions of the multi-functional group on the poly-Dopamine HCL of recycling surface to conductive polymers growth, prepare fine and close high conductive coating.Compared with prior art, coating densification and bonding strength are high, and electroconductibility is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the polyaniline of growing on PP film, and wherein, A is direct in-situ growth polyaniline; B is present method growth polyaniline.
Fig. 2 is the polyaniline of growing in substrate of glass, wherein, and A direct in-situ growth polyaniline; B is present method growth polyaniline.
Fig. 3 is the polyaniline of growing in substrate of glass, wherein, and A direct in-situ growth polyaniline; B is present method growth polyaniline.
Fig. 4 is the polyaniline of growing in tetrafluoroethylene substrate, wherein, and A direct in-situ growth polyaniline; B is present method growth polyaniline.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.Described method is ordinary method if no special instructions.Described starting material all can obtain from open commercial sources if no special instructions.
In following embodiment, adopt the sheet resistance of sheet resistance instrument testing conductive coating, adopt the some resistance of the simple testing conductive coating of universal meter; Adopt 3M adhesive tape to peel off test, to measure the bonding strength of conductive coating.
Embodiment 1, prepare the conductive coating on polypropylene film
1) 100mg dopamine hydrochloride being added to pH value is 8.5 Tris damping fluid 100ml, the concentration of this damping fluid is 1mg/ml, polypropylene film is immersed, room temperature lower open mouth stirs places 6h, utilize airborne oxygen to make dopamine hydrochloride carry out oxidative polymerization, react complete water and the alcohol flushing of making, obtain the poly-coating modified polypropylene film of Dopamine HCL, wherein, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 5 nanometers.
2) the poly-coating modified polypropylene film of Dopamine HCL is put into the HCl solution of 100ml, 1M, the pH value of reaction system is 0, add conductive polymers monomer aniline and the oxygenant ammonium persulphate of equimolar amount, be 0.04M, room temperature is carried out home position polymerization reaction 12 hours, make water and alcohol flushing film, the layer/polyaniline conductive coating that obtains growing on polypropylene film.
In the present embodiment, grow the optical photograph of poly-Dopamine HCL modified polypropylene film of polyaniline and electron micrograph as shown in Figure 1.The conductive coating that uses as shown in Figure 1 present method to prepare is very uniform, and thickness is 80nm.
With Figure 1A comparison, polyaniline coating prepared by this method is finer and close, evenly.Figure 1A sample preparation methods is not for there is no the first step in embodiment 1, directly polypropylene film is put into the HCl solution of 100ml, 1M, the pH value of reaction system is 0, add conductive polymers monomer aniline and the oxygenant ammonium persulphate of equimolar amount, be 0.04M, room temperature is carried out home position polymerization reaction 12 hours, makes water and alcohol flushing film, the layer/polyaniline conductive coating that obtains growing on polypropylene film.
The sheet resistance that this embodiment prepares gained polyaniline coating is 4 kilo-ohms/.
Embodiment 2, prepare conductive coating on glass
1) clean slide glass is joined in the Tris damping fluid of 80ml dopamine hydrochloride, the concentration of damping fluid is 2mg/ml, pH value is 8.5, at 30 DEG C, continue to pass into oxygen (5ml/min) and carry out oxidative polymerization 4 hours, after using distilled water flushing, naturally dry, obtain the poly-coating modified slide glass of Dopamine HCL, wherein, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 30nm.
2) sulphuric acid soln to the pH value of reaction system of above-mentioned sample being put into 0.1M is 1, adding mol ratio is the conductive polymers monomer aniline (concentration in reaction system is 0.04M) and oxygenant ammonium persulphate (concentration in reaction system is 0.05M) of 0.8:1, at 30 DEG C, carry out home position polymerization reaction 6 hours, use distilled water and alcohol flushing, obtain in layer/polyaniline conductive coating on glass.
Optical photograph after glass-modified in the present embodiment and electron micrograph are as shown in Figure 2.The conductive coating that uses as shown in Figure 2 present method to prepare is very uniform, and thickness is 80nm.
With Fig. 2 A comparison, polyaniline coating prepared by this method is finer and close, evenly.Fig. 2 A sample preparation methods is not for there is no the first step in embodiment 2, sulphuric acid soln to the pH value of reaction system of slide glass directly being put into 0.1M is 1, adding mol ratio is the conductive polymers monomer aniline (concentration in reaction system is 0.04M) and oxygenant ammonium persulphate (concentration in reaction system is 0.05M) of 0.8:1, at 30 DEG C, carry out home position polymerization reaction 6 hours, use distilled water and alcohol flushing, obtain in layer/polyaniline conductive coating on glass.
The sheet resistance that this embodiment prepares gained polyaniline coating is 6 kilo-ohms/.
Fig. 3 is the photo that uses 3M adhesive tape to carry out bonding strength test to being grown in the polyaniline coating of glass surface.With Fig. 3 A comparison, coating prepared by present method and the bonding strength of substrate are higher, almost do not have polyaniline coating to come off, and the bonding strength of the polyaniline coating that therefore prepared by present method is better.
Embodiment 3, prepare the conductive coating on polyfluortetraethylene plate
1) clean polyfluortetraethylene plate being joined to 60ml dopamine hydrochloride concentration is 1.5mg/ml, pH value is 8.5 Dopamine HCL hydrochloric acid water and alcohol mixed solution (volume ratio 9:1), at 30 DEG C, continue to pass into oxygen (5ml/min) and carry out oxidative polymerization 6 hours, after using distilled water flushing, naturally dry, obtain the poly-coating modified polyfluortetraethylene plate of Dopamine HCL, wherein, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 30nm.。
2) hydrochloric acid soln to the pH value of reaction system of above-mentioned sample being put into 0.1M is 1, add conductive polymers monomer aniline and ammonium persulphate to its volumetric molar concentration of equimolar amount to be 0.04M, at 30 DEG C, carry out home position polymerization reaction 12 hours, use distilled water and alcohol flushing, obtain the layer/polyaniline conductive coating on polyfluortetraethylene plate.
The optical photograph of the polyfluortetraethylene plate of the optical photograph in the present embodiment after polyfluortetraethylene plate modification and employing direct in-situ polymerization polyaniline as shown in Figure 4.The conductive coating that uses as shown in Figure 4 present method to prepare is more even, and thickness is 120nm.
With Fig. 4 A comparison, present method is prepared more even compact of polyaniline coating.In Fig. 4 A, the preparation method of sample is not for there is no the first step in embodiment 4, hydrochloric acid soln to the pH value of reaction system of directly polyfluortetraethylene plate being put into 0.1M is 1, add conductive polymers monomer aniline and ammonium persulphate to its volumetric molar concentration of equimolar amount to be 0.04M, at 30 DEG C, carry out home position polymerization reaction 12 hours, use distilled water and alcohol flushing, obtain the layer/polyaniline conductive coating on polyfluortetraethylene plate.
The point resistance that this embodiment prepares gained polyaniline coating is 10 kilo-ohms.
Conductive coating on embodiment 4, preparation ITO conductive glass
1) clean ito glass is joined in the Tris damping fluid that 40ml dopamine hydrochloride concentration is 1mg/ml, the pH value of this damping fluid is 8.0, at 30 DEG C, adding mass percentage concentration is that 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution 5ml carries out oxidative polymerization 8 hours, after using distilled water and alcohol flushing, naturally dry, obtain the poly-coating modified ito glass of Dopamine HCL, wherein, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 25nm.。
2) hydrochloric acid soln to the pH value of reaction system of above-mentioned sample being put into 1M is 0, add conductive polymers monomer aniline and ammonium persulphate to its volumetric molar concentration of equimolar amount to be 0.2M, at 10 DEG C, carry out home position polymerization reaction 12 hours, use distilled water and alcohol flushing, obtain the layer/polyaniline conductive coating on ITO conductive glass, thickness is 400nm.
Because ito glass itself has higher electroconductibility, it is 25 Ω that this embodiment prepares the some resistance of gained polyaniline coating on ITO.
Embodiment 5, prepare the conductive coating on Kapton
1) 90mg dopamine hydrochloride being added to pH value is 8.5 Tris damping fluid 60ml, the concentration of this damping fluid is 1.5mg/ml, Kapton is immersed, adding mass percentage concentration is that 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution 5ml carries out oxidative polymerization 12 hours, the sample that takes out modification uses alcohol flushing, obtain the poly-coating modified Kapton of Dopamine HCL, wherein, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 40nm.
2) Kapton of poly-Dopamine HCL modification is put into the aqueous solution of the oxygenant iron trichloride of 50ml, 0.1M, adding tosic acid to the pH value of reaction system is 2, add the conductive polymers pyrrole of 0.2M, room temperature is carried out home position polymerization reaction 12 hours, make water and alcohol flushing film, obtain the polypyrrole conductive coating on Kapton, the thickness of this polypyrrole conductive coating is 400nm.
The point resistance of this embodiment gained polypyrrole conductive coating is 3 kilo-ohms.
Conductive coating on embodiment 6, preparation PP film
1) 100mg dopamine hydrochloride being added to pH value is 8.5 Tris damping fluid 100ml, the concentration of this damping fluid is 1mg/ml, PP film is immersed, room temperature is carried out oxidative polymerization (air slow oxidation) 12 hours, the sample that takes out modification uses alcohol flushing, obtain the poly-coating modified PP film of Dopamine HCL, wherein, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 20nm.
2) camphorsulfonic acid solution to the pH value of reaction system of the PP film of poly-Dopamine HCL modification being put into 100ml, 0.05M is 2, add the conductive polymers monomer 3 of equimolar amount, 4-ethylenedioxy thiophene monomer and iron(ic) chloride, its volumetric molar concentration is 0.02M, room temperature is carried out home position polymerization reaction 12 hours, makes water and alcohol flushing film, obtain on PP film poly-3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene conductive coating, the thickness of this coating is 150nm.
The point resistance that this embodiment prepares poly-3, the 4-ethylenedioxy thiophene coating of gained is 1 kilo-ohm.
Embodiment 7, prepare the conductive coating on carbon fiber
1) 80mg dopamine hydrochloride being added to pH value is 8.5 Tris damping fluid 80ml, the concentration of this damping fluid is 1mg/ml, carbon fiber is immersed, room temperature lower open mouth carries out the slow oxidation of oxidative polymerization 8h(air), make water and alcohol flushing, obtain the poly-coating modified carbon fiber of Dopamine HCL, wherein, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 10nm.
2) HCl solution to the pH value of reaction system of the carbon fiber of poly-Dopamine HCL modification being put into 100ml, 1M is 0, add aniline and the ammonium persulphate of equimolar amount, be 0.05M, room temperature is carried out home position polymerization reaction 12 hours, make water and alcohol flushing film, the layer/polyaniline conductive coating that obtains growing on carbon fiber, the thickness of this coating is 60nm.
In this embodiment, the electroconductibility of carbon fiber own is higher, and the some resistance that scribbles conductive coating is the own resistance value of carbon fiber (15 Ω) substantially.
Claims (9)
1. a method of preparing electroconductive polymer coating, comprises the steps:
1) substrate is cleaned in the rear damping fluid that immerses dopamine hydrochloride and added oxygenant to carry out oxidative polymerization, react the complete poly-coating modified substrate of Dopamine HCL that obtains;
2) substrate, conductive polymers monomer and the oxygenant of the poly-Dopamine HCL modification of step 1) gained are carried out to home position polymerization reaction in solvent, react the complete described electroconductive polymer coating that obtains in substrate.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1), in the damping fluid of described dopamine hydrochloride, solvent is the mixed solution that water or the water that is 1:0～4 by volume ratio and organic solvent form, and the volume of water is not 0; Described organic solvent be can be miscible with water polar organic solvent, be specifically selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N, at least one in N '-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran (THF);
The pH value of the damping fluid of described dopamine hydrochloride is 3-11, is specially 8.5; Concentration is 0.1mg/ml～10mg/ml, is specially 1-3mg/ml;
Described oxygenant is selected from least one in the aqueous solution, ammonium persulphate, sodium periodate, iron(ic) chloride, iron nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Iodate and the tosic acid iron of oxygen, air, hydrogen peroxide; The mass percentage concentration of the aqueous solution of described hydrogen peroxide is 0-50%, and described concentration is not 0, is specially 30-35%;
In described oxidative polymerization step, temperature is-70 DEG C～85 DEG C, is specially 10-30 DEG C; Time is 0.1～72 hour, is specially 4-12 hour;
In the coating modified substrate of described poly-Dopamine HCL, the thickness of poly-Dopamine HCL coating is 2nm～10 μ m, is specially 10nm-30nm.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in, conductive polymers monomer is at least one in aniline and derivative, pyrroles and derivative thereof and thiophene and derivatives, is specially aniline, pyrroles or 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene;
Described oxygenant is selected from least one in ammonium persulphate, sodium periodate, iron(ic) chloride, iron nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Iodate and tosic acid iron;
The mixed solution that the water that described solvent is is 1:0～4 by volume ratio and organic solvent form, and the volume of water is not 0; Described organic solvent be can be miscible with water polar organic solvent, be specifically selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, N, at least one in N '-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran (THF);
The pH value of reaction system is 0-14, is specially 0-3.
4. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in, the molar ratio of conductive polymers monomer and oxygenant is 0.1～10:1, is specially 0.8-2:1; The volumetric molar concentration of described conductive polymers monomer in the reaction system by conductive polymers monomer, oxygenant and solvent composition is 0.001～10%, is specially 0.04-0.2%.
5. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in home position polymerization reaction step, the time is 0.1～72 hour; Temperature is-70 DEG C～85 DEG C, is specially-10 DEG C to 30 DEG C.
6. the electroconductive polymer coating that the arbitrary described method of claim 1-5 prepares.
7. electroconductive polymer coating according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the thickness of described coating is 5nm～1mm.
Described in claim 6 or 7 electroconductive polymer coating in the application of preparing in electro-conductive material.
9. comprise the electro-conductive material of electroconductive polymer coating described in claim 6 or 7.
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