CN103910502A - Colored sand capable of coloring by reaction and its preparation method - Google Patents
Colored sand capable of coloring by reaction and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103910502A CN103910502A CN201310001908.XA CN201310001908A CN103910502A CN 103910502 A CN103910502 A CN 103910502A CN 201310001908 A CN201310001908 A CN 201310001908A CN 103910502 A CN103910502 A CN 103910502A
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Abstract
The invention relates to colored sand capable of coloring by reaction and its preparation method, the colored sand is prepared by the following components: 100wt parts of aggregate, 1.0-5.0wt parts of adhesive and 0.2-3.5wt parts of colouring agent; wherein the aggregate is other sandstone such as basalt sand, quartz sand, yellow sand or sea sand; and the colouring agent is composed 30.0-45.0wt parts of intensifying agent, 50.0-65.0wt parts of fluxing agent, 2.5-7.0wt parts of colour former and 50.0-80.0 wt parts of clear water according to a mechanism of ceramic colored glaze. The preparation method is characterized in that the colouring agent and the adhesive through grinding are coated on the surface of the aggregate together, then dried and calcined under the temperature of 700-950 DEG C to obtain the reaction-type colored sand. The colored sand has the advantages of uniform coloring, bright color and various types; a color layer is combined with the aggregate through reaction, and has the advantages of fastness and stabilization, no fading, strong corrosivity resistance, good weatherability and long usage life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the colored sand of a kind of material of construction, particularly relate to and a kind ofly react painted colored sand for bituminized shingle is lip-deep by employing.In the time changing aggregate kind in raw materials for production and grade, also can be used on other multiclass products such as texture color in aggregate and the art mural of the surface of modified asphalt waterproof coiled material, true mineral varnish thick coating used for building exterior wall.
Background technology
At present, the colored sand of supplying on China existing market mainly contains natural color smalt and the large series of the colored sand two of artificially coloring.Wherein, the colored sand of artificially coloring is divided into again two kinds of dip-dye type and sintered types.
The color variety of natural color smalt is few, lighter color and not bright-coloured.And due to the color distribution inequality in rock ore deposit, depth difference is large, the situation that multiple color is mixed to be deposited etc.So the natural color smalt color after fragmentation there will be the colored sand phenomenon mixed in together of deep mixed or multiple color equally, be difficult to obtain single, the pure and beautiful colored sand of color.
The colored sand of artificially coloring has changed some problems that natural color smalt exists, and has color variety abundant, and the color and luster on colored sand surface is evenly beautiful, and what various colors can be by design needs the advantages such as processing.But the colored sand of the artificially coloring of supply also exists the place of some shortcomings in the market, as:
Though 1. the colored sand small investment of production equipment of dip-dye type, production technique simple (the colored sand production technological process of dip-dye type as shown in Figure 4), product cost is low.But, because raw material used is different and production technique is too simple, cause colored sand acid and alkali-resistance, corrosion-resistant and weather resistance is poor, can not be used for exposing open air product in the sun
On product.Otherwise, will be within very short time variable color or fade, have a strong impact on the quality and the life-span that are used product, also affected the reputation of production unit and this product;
2. the colored sand of sintered type is because adopt pottery or mineral dye as tinting material, and sintering temperature is than the production technique of the colored sand of dip-dye type high (the colored sand production technological process of sintered type as shown in Figure 5).So, there is good acid and alkali-resistance, corrosion-resistant and weather resistance, be exposed to and under outdoor sunburst, can keep the long period nondiscoloration of not fading, be the better colored sand of one of supplying on Vehicles Collected from Market.But, due between the tinting material of aggregate outside surface in the colored sand of sintered type and aggregate, be adopt pass through again after adhesives in, the sintering of low temperature, the tinting material of appearance just forms the parcel shell that one deck is hard and crisp, will ftracture or broken disengagement once be subject to attacking, color and the texture of exposing former aggregate sand, also exist quality problems on the other hand;
3. the surface coloring layer that is the colored sand of dip-dye type or sintered type is all more coarse, examine and just can find out the phenomenon that the surface color depth is irregular, especially when the particle diameter ratio of painted powder pigment is larger, and more obvious in the fewer situation of consumption, this situation also can seriously reduce the hydrophobic performance of sand surface;
4. because the sand surface of rock and ore fragmentation has many rough pittings, make sand surface all be covered with uniformly toner, in these pittings, will insert more pigment powder.Like this, must strengthen the consumption of tinting material.Therefore, will increase greatly the raw materials cost of colored sand product.And tinting material is again the highest, the shared cost ratio of price the best part in all production starting material;
5. obtain through reality test, in China market, be applied at present the requirement that the key technical indexes of the colored sand of sintered type of bituminized shingle is not also up to state standards completely, the time of especially resistance to boiling water boiling, far less than 18 hours of national standard requirement, only just there will be a large amount of fading and mixed water after boiling water through 3-5 hour.
For this reason, change some problems that the colored sand supplied on some shortcomings that the colored sand of above elaboration exists and domestic market exists, improve the quality of colored sand product, meet the requirement of national standard, the production technique of the colored sand that only changes and corresponding starting material could be realized.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the existing deficiency of the colored sand of above-mentioned existing dip-dye type and sintered type, and a kind of painted colored sand of reaction and preparation method thereof that adopts is provided, the colored sand that this employing is reacted painted had both had multiple beautiful color, fine acid and alkali-resistance, corrosion-resistant and weather resistance, can make again mortise between roughing sand aggregate and tinting material, regardless of shell, do not come off and nondiscoloration, the even no color differnece of this colour sand surface color and polish, the key technical indexes exceedes national standard (as: boiling resistance time GB 18 hours now can exceed more than 20 hour)
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that adopts the painted colored sand of reaction of preparing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Painted colored sand is reacted in employing provided by the invention, and it is prepared by following method:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The water of the chromogenic reagent of the fusing assistant of the reinforcer of 30.0-45.0 weight part, 50.0-65.0 weight part, 2.5-7.0 weight part and 50.0-80.0 weight part is added to successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ m when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack in container, cover tightly for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the 100 weight part roughing sand aggregates that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade are put into the turning barrel of stirrer, open stirrer and rotate stirring;
2.2) tinting material of the tackiness agent of 1.0-5.0 weight part and 0.2-3.5 weight part is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the tackiness agent of 1.0-5.0 weight part is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 0.2-3.5 weight part to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring superscribes tinting material, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out the wet colored sand that superscribes tinting material, put into drying oven oven dry and obtain colored sand raw material;
3) any that colored gained sand raw material is adopted to following method calcined:
3.1) fixed calcining
The resistance to 1000-1200 DEG C of elevated temperature vessel that colored sand raw material are housed put and in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, be warming up to 700-950 DEG C, then at this temperature, continue to keep 10-30min; Then, powered-down cooling, in the time that temperature drops to 40 DEG C, takes out the colored sand product through calcining in elevated temperature vessel;
The colored sand of fixed calcining, in the time of batch production, carries out continuously in tunnel kiln, and the elevated temperature vessel that colored sand raw material are housed is entered in tunnel kiln one by one successively, is heated to 700-950 DEG C and calcines; Or produce with large-scale fixed electric furnace gap;
In the calcination process of colored sand product through calcining in elevated temperature vessel, between its particle, have slight bonding, need carry out fragmentation and sub-sieve to cooled colored sand product;
3.2) fluidized bed calcination
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are packed in the loading hopper of fluidized-bed, open the fluidisation warm air of hotblast stove heated fluidized bed, in the time that the gas temperature of heating reaches 700-950 DEG C of temperature, start fluidized-bed while open charging valve, make colored sand raw material enter fluidized-bed, along with the colored sand raw meal particulate of continuous rising of hot gas bob in fluidized-bed is heated, tinting material reacts rapidly color development, simultaneously tinting material also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted flows out and enters cool furnace from fluidized-bed outlet, sends into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.3) dilute phase radiant-type furnace calcining
Painted dried colored sand raw material are added in stove from the top of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, and dilute phase radiant-type furnace temperature is controlled within 700-950 DEG C; In high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, the colored sand raw meal particulate of different-grain diameter is according to different separately free gravity sedimentations, in the process falling, heated rapidly by the hyperthermia radiation of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace surrounding furnace wall heat, in the time that colored sand raw material arrive high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace bottom, toner reacted color development and simultaneously tinting material also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted, from being delivered to cool furnace by transfer roller, is sent into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.4) microwave oven calcining
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are added on the conveying belt in microwave oven continuously, conveying belt is brought colored sand raw material in the tunnel of tunnel type microwave oven into, be radiated on colored sand raw material by being arranged on the microwave source of tunnel type microwave oven tunnel upper, make colored sand raw material from preheating, be warmed up to high-temperature reaction process heating rapidly, the colored sand finished product that obtains reacting completely; The temperature of tunnel type microwave oven is controlled within the scope of 700-950 DEG C; Then, the colored sand burning till is entered to cool furnace and be cooled to 40 DEG C, send into again storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.5) calcined by rotary kiln stove calcining
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are delivered in calcined by rotary kiln stove and calcined by the port of drying oven, the gas-fired that calcined by rotary kiln furnace temperature is produced by producer gas generator is heated, is heated or heated by liquefied petroleum gas combustion by combustion of natural gas, and calcined by rotary kiln furnace temperature is controlled within the scope of 700-950 DEG C; High-temperature color sand after calcining is sent into cool furnace from calcined by rotary kiln furnace discharge mouth and is carried out coolingly, and cool furnace adopts the type of cooling air-cooled in stove and that the outer water-cooled of stove combines, and the colored sand temperature of cool furnace outlet is controlled at below 40 DEG C; Cooling rear colored sand finished product is transported to storage bin packing warehouse-in with lift.
Described reinforcer is two or more the mixture in silica powder, kaolin, dicalcium powder, aluminium sesquioxide and magnesium oxide;
Described fusing assistant is two or more the mixture in lead carbonate, borax, boric acid, zinc oxide, sodium carbonate and salt of wormwood;
Described chromogenic reagent is ferric oxide, Cadmium oxide, potassium bichromate, manganous carbonate, copper carbonate, cobalt oxide, stannic oxide or their mixture.
Described roughing sand aggregate is basalt sand, quartz sand, yellow ground or extra large sand;
Described roughing sand aggregate size is 0.10-5.0mm;
Described tackiness agent is liquid phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium, liquid sodium silicate, the CMC dry powder aqueous solution or the W-Gum aqueous solution;
Described liquid sodium silicate is by buying and obtain on market; Or preparation voluntarily;
Described liquid sodium silicate voluntarily compound method is as follows:
The raw material of obtaining liq phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium is made up of clear water 80.0-125.0 weight part, aluminium hydroxide 25.045.0 weight part and phosphatase 11 18.0-145.0 weight part, each raw material of weighing is according to the above ratio put into retort, under agitation reacting by heating, until aluminium hydroxide is all dissolved into transparent liquid, cool to 40 DEG C of dischargings, obtain liquid sodium silicate and package spare;
Described the CMC dry powder aqueous solution and W-Gum concentration of aqueous solution are 1wt-3wt%.
Preparation provided by the invention adopts the method for the painted colored sand of reaction, and its step is as follows:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The water of the chromogenic reagent of the fusing assistant of the reinforcer of 30.0-45.0 weight part, 50.0-65.0 weight part, 2.5-7.0 weight part and 50.0-80.0 weight part is added to successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ m when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack in container, cover tightly for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the 100 weight part roughing sand aggregates that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade are put into the turning barrel of stirrer, open stirrer and rotate stirring;
2.2) tinting material of the tackiness agent of 1.0-5.0 weight part and 0.2-3.5 weight part is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the tackiness agent of 1.0-5.0 weight part is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 0.2-3.5 weight part to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring superscribes tinting material, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out the wet colored sand that superscribes tinting material, put into drying oven oven dry and obtain colored sand raw material;
3) any that colored gained sand raw material is adopted to following method calcined:
3.1) fixed calcining
The resistance to 1000-1200 DEG C of elevated temperature vessel that colored sand raw material are housed put and in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, be warming up to 700-950 DEG C, then at this temperature, continue to keep 10-30min; Then, powered-down cooling, in the time that temperature drops to 40 DEG C, takes out the colored sand product through calcining in elevated temperature vessel;
The colored sand of fixed calcining, in the time of batch production, carries out continuously in tunnel kiln, and the elevated temperature vessel that colored sand raw material are housed is entered in tunnel kiln one by one successively, is heated to 700-950 DEG C and calcines; Or produce with large-scale fixed electric furnace gap;
In the calcination process of colored sand product through calcining in elevated temperature vessel, between its particle, have slight bonding, need carry out fragmentation and sub-sieve to cooled colored sand product;
3.2) fluidized bed calcination
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are packed in the loading hopper of fluidized-bed, open the fluidisation warm air of hotblast stove heated fluidized bed, in the time that the gas temperature of heating reaches 700-950 DEG C of temperature, start fluidized-bed while open charging valve, make colored sand raw material enter fluidized-bed, along with the colored sand raw meal particulate of continuous rising of hot gas bob in fluidized-bed is heated, tinting material reacts rapidly color development, simultaneously tinting material also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted flows out and enters cool furnace from fluidized-bed outlet, sends into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.3) dilute phase radiant-type furnace calcining
Painted dried colored sand raw material are added in stove from the top of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, and dilute phase radiant-type furnace temperature is controlled within 700-950 DEG C; In high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, the colored sand raw meal particulate of different-grain diameter is according to different separately free gravity sedimentations, in the process falling, heated rapidly by the hyperthermia radiation of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace surrounding furnace wall heat, in the time that colored sand raw material arrive high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace bottom, toner reacted color development and simultaneously tinting material also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted, from being delivered to cool furnace by transfer roller, is sent into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.4) microwave oven calcining
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are added on the conveying belt in microwave oven continuously, conveying belt is brought colored sand raw material in the tunnel of tunnel type microwave oven into, be radiated on colored sand raw material by being arranged on the microwave source of tunnel type microwave oven tunnel upper, make colored sand raw material from preheating, be warmed up to high-temperature reaction process heating rapidly, the colored sand finished product that obtains reacting completely; The temperature of tunnel type microwave oven is controlled within the scope of 700-950 DEG C; Then, the colored sand burning till is entered to cool furnace and be cooled to 40 DEG C, send into again storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.5) calcined by rotary kiln stove calcining
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are delivered in calcined by rotary kiln stove and calcined by the port of drying oven, the gas-fired that calcined by rotary kiln furnace temperature is produced by producer gas generator is heated, is heated or heated by liquefied petroleum gas combustion by combustion of natural gas, and calcined by rotary kiln furnace temperature is controlled within the scope of 700-950 DEG C; High-temperature color sand after calcining is sent into cool furnace from calcined by rotary kiln furnace discharge mouth and is carried out coolingly, and cool furnace adopts the type of cooling air-cooled in stove and that the outer water-cooled of stove combines, and the colored sand temperature of cool furnace outlet is controlled at below 40 DEG C; Cooling rear colored sand finished product is transported to storage bin packing warehouse-in with lift.
Described reinforcer is two or more the mixture in silica powder, kaolin, dicalcium powder, aluminium sesquioxide and magnesium oxide;
Described fusing assistant is two or more the mixture in lead carbonate, borax, boric acid, zinc oxide, sodium carbonate and salt of wormwood;
Described chromogenic reagent is ferric oxide, Cadmium oxide, potassium bichromate, manganous carbonate, copper carbonate, cobalt oxide, stannic oxide or their mixture.
Described reinforcer is two or more the mixture in silica powder, kaolin, dicalcium powder, aluminium sesquioxide and magnesium oxide;
Described fusing assistant is two or more the mixture in lead carbonate, borax, boric acid, zinc oxide, sodium carbonate and salt of wormwood;
Described chromogenic reagent is ferric oxide, Cadmium oxide, potassium bichromate, manganous carbonate, copper carbonate, cobalt oxide, stannic oxide or their mixture.
Described roughing sand aggregate is basalt sand, quartz sand, yellow ground or extra large sand;
Described roughing sand aggregate size is 0.10-5.0mm;
Described tackiness agent is liquid phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium, liquid sodium silicate, the CMC dry powder aqueous solution or the W-Gum aqueous solution;
Described liquid sodium silicate is by buying and obtain on market; Or preparation voluntarily;
Described liquid sodium silicate voluntarily compound method is as follows:
The raw material of obtaining liq phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium is made up of clear water 80.0-125.0 weight part, aluminium hydroxide 25.0-45.0 weight part and phosphatase 11 18.0-145.0 weight part, each raw material of weighing is according to the above ratio put into retort, under agitation reacting by heating, until aluminium hydroxide is all dissolved into transparent liquid, cool to 40 DEG C of dischargings, obtain liquid sodium silicate and package spare;
Described the CMC dry powder aqueous solution and W-Gum concentration of aqueous solution are 1wt-3wt%.
The colored sand facies of artificially coloring of the present invention have the following advantages for prior art:
1. between the each component of tinting material, between tinting material and aggregate surface, at high temperature fully react, form the overall key coat particle (seeing Fig. 1 .) of hard silicates, the pigment shell phenomenon forming with binding agent without the colored sand of sintered type, can be because not attacking and rubbing and cause the cracking of pigmented layer to come off (seeing Fig. 2 .);
2. the chromatograph firm stable of the colored sand of the response type of reaction bonded, acidproof, alkaline-resisting, high temperature resistant and resistance to boiling water is strong, and there is good hydrophobic nature, detect and obtain the requirement that all technical all meets national standard through reality, leading indicator is also better than the home and overseas brand product (seeing the following form 1.) of existing market supply;
The colored sand leading indicator of table 1. response type and sintered type detects data
3. colored sand chromatograph smooth surface of the present invention, color and luster is pure beautiful, without the coarse uneven phenomenon of pigment integument, has improved the texture that colored sand is apparent and beautiful;
4. owing to having adopted the reaction mechanism of ceramic glaze, the raw material dinectly bruning that is same as colored glaze is reacted on to the surface of aggregate, reduce and first raw material has been sintered into pigment piece, then pulverized and grind to form the operation that is wrapped in aggregate surface after pigment powder, significantly reduced the production cost of colored sand;
5. the color variety of the colored sand of response type is many, can need to prepare and react calcining by design, is adapted to the application of multiple fields, and has advantages of good weatherability long service life.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view that reaction bonded between the pigmented layer of painted colored sand and aggregate is reacted in employing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of combination between the pigment coloring layer of the colored sand of sintered type and aggregate;
Fig. 3 is the production technological process that painted colored sand and preparation method thereof is reacted in employing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is traditional colored sand production technological process of dip-dye type;
Fig. 5 is traditional colored sand production technological process of sintered type.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
According to a kind of technological process of production and the product requirement that adopts painted colored sand of reaction and preparation method thereof shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, prepare a kind of painted colored sand of reaction that adopts of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The raw material of silica powder 15.3 weight parts, kaolin 20.5 weight parts, lead carbonate 23.9 weight parts, borax 36.8 weight parts, ferric oxide 3.2 weight parts, potassium bichromate 0.3 weight part and clear water 66.0 weight parts is added successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ m when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack the interior tight lid of container into for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the 100.0 weight part basalt sand roughing sand aggregates that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade are put into the turning barrel of stirrer, open stirrer and rotate stirring;
2.2) tinting material of the liquid phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium of 2.0 weight parts and 0.5 weight part is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface after being finished down and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the liquid phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium of 2.0 weight parts is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 0.5 weight part to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out painted wet colored sand, put into drying oven and dry the colored sand raw material that obtain after oven dry;
3) calcining of colored sand product:
By painted dry after colored sand raw material pack in container, put temperature control into and heat up in the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus that can reach (700-750) ± 10 DEG C, when after temperature rise to 720 DEG C, at this temperature, continue to keep 30min; Then, powered-down cooling, in the time that temperature drops to 40 DEG C, takes out the colored sand product through calcining in container.
Through calcining colored sand product in container through calcining after, between particle, have slight bonding, need after cooling to carry out fragmentation and sub-sieve to calcining rear colored sand.
Embodiment 2
According to a kind of technological process of production and the product requirement that adopts painted colored sand of reaction and preparation method thereof shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, prepare a kind of painted colored sand of reaction that adopts of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The raw material of silica powder 13.5 weight parts, dicalcium powder 5.0 weight parts, aluminium sesquioxide 17.2 weight parts, sodium carbonate 25.9 weight parts, boric acid 15.8 weight parts, zinc oxide 19.6 weight parts, potassium bichromate 3.0 weight parts and clear water 60.0 weight parts is added successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ m when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack the interior tight lid of container into for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the quartz sand roughing sand aggregate of 100.0 weight parts that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade is put into the turning barrel of stirrer, opens stirrer and rotates stirring;
2.2) tinting material of the liquid sodium silicate of 2.5 weight parts and 1.5 weight parts is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface after being finished down and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the liquid sodium silicate of 2.5 weight parts is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 1.5 weight parts to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out painted wet colored sand, put into drying oven and dry the colored sand raw material that obtain after oven dry;
3) calcining of colored sand product:
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are packed in the loading hopper of fluidized-bed, open the fluidisation warm air of hotblast stove heated fluidized bed, in the time that gas temperature is heated to 950 DEG C, start fluidized-bed while open charging valve, make colored sand raw material enter fluidized-bed, along with the colored sand raw meal particulate of continuous rising of hot gas bob in fluidized-bed is heated, in the time of colored sand raw meal particulate surface temperature to 925 DEG C, tinting material is reaction color development just rapidly, simultaneously also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted flows out and enters cool furnace from fluidized-bed outlet, sends into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product.
Embodiment 3
According to a kind of technological process of production and the product requirement that adopts painted colored sand of reaction and preparation method thereof shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, prepare a kind of painted colored sand of reaction that adopts of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The raw material of kaolin 18.1 weight parts, magnesium oxide 6.7 weight parts, silica powder 12.8 weight parts, zinc oxide 16.7 weight parts, salt of wormwood 24.6 weight parts, borax 18.2 weight parts, cobalt oxide 2.9 weight parts and clear water 62.0 weight parts is added successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ m when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack the interior tight lid of container into for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the yellow ground roughing sand aggregate of 100.0 weight parts that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade is put into the turning barrel of stirrer, opens stirrer and rotates stirring;
2.2) tinting material of the 1%CMC solution of 3.0 weight parts and 2.0 weight parts is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface after being finished down and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the liquid sodium silicate of 3.0 weight parts is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 2.0 weight parts to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out painted wet colored sand, put into drying oven and dry the colored sand raw material that obtain after oven dry;
3) calcining of colored sand product:
Painted dried colored sand raw material are added from the top of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, the temperature of controlling dilute phase radiant-type furnace is within the scope of 800 ± 10 DEG C, the colored sand raw meal particulate of different-grain diameter is according to different separately free gravity sedimentations, in the process falling, heated rapidly by the hyperthermia radiation of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace surrounding furnace wall heat, in the time that colored sand raw material arrive high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace bottom, arrive colored sand finished product reaction temperature required, and with aggregate one colour generation that reacts, afterwards, colored heat sand is delivered to cool furnace by transfer roller to carry out cooling, after cooling, obtain colored sand finished product and send into storage bin packaging.
Embodiment 4
According to a kind of technological process of production and the product requirement that adopts painted colored sand of reaction and preparation method thereof shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, prepare a kind of painted colored sand of reaction that adopts of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The raw material of dicalcium powder 3.7 weight parts, kaolin 20.3 weight parts, aluminium sesquioxide 15.8 weight parts, lead carbonate 17.4 weight parts, zinc oxide 16.2 weight parts, salt of wormwood 20.9 weight parts, potassium bichromate 2.6 weight parts, copper carbonate 3.1 weight parts and clear water 63.8 weight parts is added successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ m when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack the interior tight lid of container into for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the extra large sandy plain sand aggregate of 100.0 weight parts that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade is put into the turning barrel of stirrer, opens stirrer and rotates stirring;
2.2) tinting material of 1.5% starch solution of 2.8 weight parts and 2.5 weight parts is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface after being finished down and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the starch solution of 2.8 weight parts is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 2.5 weight parts to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out painted wet colored sand, put into drying oven and dry the colored sand raw material that obtain after oven dry;
3) calcining of colored sand product:
Painted dried colored sand raw material are added on the conveying belt in microwave oven continuously, , control the temperature of tunnel type microwave oven within the scope of 850 ± 10 DEG C, conveying belt is brought colored sand raw material in the tunnel of tunnel type microwave oven into, be radiated on colored sand raw material by being arranged on the microwave source of tunnel type microwave oven tunnel upper, make colored sand raw material from preheating, be warmed up to heating rapidly in high-temperature reaction process, the colored sand finished product that obtains reacting completely, then, the colored sand burning till is entered to cool furnace and be cooled to 40 DEG C, send into again storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product,
Embodiment 5
According to a kind of technological process of production and the product requirement that adopts painted colored sand of reaction and preparation method thereof shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, prepare a kind of painted colored sand of reaction that adopts of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The raw material of dicalcium powder 5.7 weight parts, magnesium oxide 8.3 weight parts, aluminium sesquioxide 20.2 weight parts, sodium carbonate 30.4 weight parts, boric acid 26.2 weight parts, salt of wormwood 5.7 weight parts, stannic oxide 1.2 weight parts, Cadmium oxide 2.3 weight parts and clear water 63.8 weight parts is added successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ m when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack the interior tight lid of container into for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the basalt roughing sand aggregate of 100.0 weight parts that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade is put into the turning barrel of stirrer, opens stirrer and rotates stirring;
2.2) tinting material of the liquid phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium of 1.5 weight parts and 1.0 weight parts is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface after being finished down and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the liquid phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium of 1.5 weight parts is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 1.0 weight parts to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out painted wet colored sand, put into drying oven and dry the colored sand raw material that obtain after oven dry;
3) calcining of colored sand product:
Painted dried colored sand raw material are admitted in calcined by rotary kiln stove and are calcined by the another port of drying oven, the gas-fired that the temperature of calcining furnace is produced by producer gas generator adds thermal control, regulates the quantity combusted control temperature of coal gas within the scope of 780 ± 10 DEG C; Also can be by combustion of natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas combustion control temperature; High-temperature color sand after calcining is sent into cool furnace from the another port discharging of calcined by rotary kiln stove, and the air-cooled and water cooling equipment of unlatching cool furnace carries out cooling, and the colored sand temperature of cool furnace outlet is controlled at below 40 DEG C; Cooled colored sand finished product is transported to storage bin with lift, and packing warehouse-in.
The one that the calcination reaction mode that embodiment 1-5 prizes after the preparation of smalt raw material is used in embodiment, also can prepare by other any one method.
Claims (6)
1. adopt the painted colored sand of reaction, it is prepared by following method:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The water of the chromogenic reagent of the fusing assistant of the reinforcer of 30.0-45.0 weight part, 50.0-65.0 weight part, 2.5-7.0 weight part and 50.0-80.0 weight part is added to successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ n when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack in container, cover tightly for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the 100 weight part roughing sand aggregates that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade are put into the turning barrel of stirrer, open stirrer and rotate stirring;
2.2) tinting material of the tackiness agent of 1.0-5.0 weight part and 0.2-3.5 weight part is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the tackiness agent of 1.0-5.0 weight part is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 0.2-3.5 weight part to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring superscribes tinting material, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out the wet colored sand that superscribes tinting material, put into drying oven oven dry and obtain colored sand raw material;
3) colored gained sand raw material are adopted any in following method calcine:
3.1) fixed calcining
The resistance to 1000-1200 DEG C of elevated temperature vessel that colored sand raw material are housed put and in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, be warming up to 700-950 DEG C, then at this temperature, continue to keep 10-30min; Then, powered-down cooling, in the time that temperature drops to 40 DEG C, takes out the colored sand product through calcining in elevated temperature vessel;
The colored sand of fixed calcining, in the time of batch production, carries out continuously in tunnel kiln, and the elevated temperature vessel that colored sand raw material are housed is entered in tunnel kiln one by one successively, is heated to 700-950 DEG C and calcines; Or produce with large-scale fixed electric furnace gap;
In the calcination process of colored sand product through calcining in elevated temperature vessel, between its particle, have slight bonding, need carry out fragmentation and sub-sieve to cooled colored sand product;
3.2) fluidized bed calcination
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are packed in the loading hopper of fluidized-bed, open the fluidisation warm air of hotblast stove heated fluidized bed, in the time that the gas temperature of heating reaches 700-950 DEG C of temperature, start fluidized-bed while open charging valve, make colored sand raw material enter fluidized-bed, along with the colored sand raw meal particulate of continuous rising of hot gas bob in fluidized-bed is heated, tinting material reacts rapidly color development, simultaneously tinting material also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted flows out and enters cool furnace from fluidized-bed outlet, sends into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.3) dilute phase radiant-type furnace calcining
Painted dried colored sand raw material are added in stove from the top of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, and dilute phase radiant-type furnace temperature is controlled within 700-950 DEG C; In high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, the colored sand raw meal particulate of different-grain diameter is according to different separately free gravity sedimentations, in the process falling, heated rapidly by the hyperthermia radiation of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace surrounding furnace wall heat, in the time that colored sand raw material arrive high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace bottom, toner reacted color development and simultaneously tinting material also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted, from being delivered to cool furnace by transfer roller, is sent into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.4) microwave oven calcining
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are added on the conveying belt in microwave oven continuously, conveying belt is brought colored sand raw material in the tunnel of tunnel type microwave oven into, be radiated on colored sand raw material by being arranged on the microwave source of tunnel type microwave oven tunnel upper, make colored sand raw material from preheating, be warmed up to high-temperature reaction process heating rapidly, the colored sand finished product that obtains reacting completely; The temperature of tunnel type microwave oven is controlled within the scope of 700-950 DEG C; Then, the colored sand burning till is sent into cool furnace and be cooled to 40 DEG C, send into again storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.5) calcined by rotary kiln stove calcining
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are delivered in calcined by rotary kiln stove and calcined by the port of drying oven, the gas-fired that calcined by rotary kiln furnace temperature is produced by producer gas generator is heated, is heated or heated by liquefied petroleum gas combustion by combustion of natural gas, and calcined by rotary kiln furnace temperature is controlled within the scope of 700-950 DEG C; High-temperature color sand after calcining is sent into cool furnace from calcined by rotary kiln furnace discharge mouth and is carried out coolingly, and cool furnace adopts the type of cooling air-cooled in stove and that the outer water-cooled of stove combines, and the colored sand temperature of cool furnace outlet is controlled at below 40 DEG C; Cooling rear colored sand finished product is transported to storage bin packing warehouse-in with lift.
2. by a kind of painted colored sand of reaction that adopts claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described reinforcer is two or more the mixture in silica powder, kaolin, dicalcium powder, aluminium sesquioxide and magnesium oxide;
Described fusing assistant is two or more the mixture in lead carbonate, borax, boric acid, zinc oxide, sodium carbonate and salt of wormwood;
Described chromogenic reagent is ferric oxide, Cadmium oxide, potassium bichromate, manganous carbonate, copper carbonate, cobalt oxide, stannic oxide or their mixture.
3. by a kind of painted colored sand of reaction that adopts claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described roughing sand aggregate is basalt sand, quartz sand, yellow ground or extra large sand;
Described roughing sand aggregate size is 0.10-5.0mm;
Described tackiness agent is liquid phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium, liquid sodium silicate, the CMC dry powder aqueous solution or the W-Gum aqueous solution;
Described liquid sodium silicate is by buying and obtain on market; Or preparation voluntarily;
Described liquid sodium silicate voluntarily compound method is as follows:
The raw material of obtaining liq phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium is made up of clear water 80.0-125.0 weight part, aluminium hydroxide 25.0-45.0 weight part and phosphatase 11 18.0-145.0 weight part, each raw material of weighing is according to the above ratio put into retort, under agitation reacting by heating, until aluminium hydroxide is all dissolved into transparent liquid, cool to 40 DEG C of dischargings, obtain liquid sodium silicate and package spare;
Described the CMC dry powder aqueous solution and W-Gum concentration of aqueous solution are 1wt-3wt%.
4. prepare a method that adopts the painted colored sand of reaction, its step is as follows:
1) preparation tinting material slurry:
The water of the chromogenic reagent of the fusing assistant of the reinforcer of 30.0-45.0 weight part, 50.0-65.0 weight part, 2.5-7.0 weight part and 50.0-80.0 weight part is added to successively in the grinding drum of shredder and grind, make solid objects granularity in toner slurry reach 5 μ m when following, take out the tinting material slurry in grinding drum, pack in container, cover tightly for subsequent use;
2) preparation of colored sand raw material:
2.1) the 100 weight part roughing sand aggregates that are 0.1-5.0mm by grade are put into the turning barrel of stirrer, open stirrer and rotate stirring;
2.2) tinting material of the tackiness agent of 1.0-5.0 weight part and 0.2-3.5 weight part is put into container successively and stir, pour into while stirring afterwards in the turning barrel of stirrer, till continuing to be stirred to roughing sand aggregate surface and all superscribing tinting material equably; Or
First the tackiness agent of 1.0-5.0 weight part is directly joined to step 2.1) be equipped with in the turning barrel of stirrer of roughing sand aggregate and stir, after stirring, add again the tinting material of 0.2-3.5 weight part to continue to stir, until roughing sand aggregate surface all superscribes tinting material equably;
After roughing sand aggregate surface uniform coloring superscribes tinting material, stop stirring, in the turning barrel of stirrer, pour out the wet colored sand that superscribes tinting material, put into drying oven oven dry and obtain colored sand raw material;
3) any that colored gained sand raw material is adopted to following method calcined:
3.1) fixed calcining
The resistance to 1000-1200 DEG C of elevated temperature vessel that colored sand raw material are housed put and in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, be warming up to 700-950 DEG C, then at this temperature, continue to keep 10-30min; Then, powered-down cooling, in the time that temperature drops to 40 DEG C, takes out the colored sand product through calcining in elevated temperature vessel;
The colored sand of fixed calcining, in the time of batch production, carries out continuously in tunnel kiln, and the elevated temperature vessel that colored sand raw material are housed is entered in tunnel kiln one by one successively, is heated to 700-950 DEG C and calcines; Or produce with large-scale fixed electric furnace gap;
In the calcination process of colored sand product through calcining in elevated temperature vessel, between its particle, have slight bonding, need carry out fragmentation and sub-sieve to cooled colored sand product;
3.2) fluidized bed calcination
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are packed in the loading hopper of fluidized-bed, open the fluidisation warm air of hotblast stove heated fluidized bed, in the time that the gas temperature of heating reaches 700-950 DEG C of temperature, start fluidized-bed while open charging valve, make colored sand raw material enter fluidized-bed, along with the colored sand raw meal particulate of continuous rising of hot gas bob in fluidized-bed is heated, tinting material reacts rapidly color development, simultaneously tinting material also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted flows out and enters cool furnace from fluidized-bed outlet, sends into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.3) dilute phase radiant-type furnace calcining
Painted dried colored sand raw material are added in stove from the top of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, and dilute phase radiant-type furnace temperature is controlled within 700-950 DEG C; In high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace, the colored sand raw meal particulate of different-grain diameter is according to different separately free gravity sedimentations, in the process falling, heated rapidly by the hyperthermia radiation of high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace surrounding furnace wall heat, in the time that colored sand raw material arrive high temperature dilute phase radiant-type furnace bottom, toner reacted color development and simultaneously tinting material also with roughing sand aggregate generation association reaction; High-temperature color sand after having reacted, from being delivered to cool furnace by transfer roller, is sent into storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.4) microwave oven calcining
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are added on the conveying belt in microwave oven continuously, conveying belt is brought colored sand raw material in the tunnel of tunnel type microwave oven into, be radiated on colored sand raw material by being arranged on the microwave source of tunnel type microwave oven tunnel upper, make colored sand raw material from preheating, be warmed up to high-temperature reaction process heating rapidly, the colored sand finished product that obtains reacting completely; The temperature of tunnel type microwave oven is controlled within the scope of 700-950 DEG C; Then, the colored sand burning till is entered to cool furnace and be cooled to 40 DEG C, send into again storage bin storage package through cooled colored sand finished product;
3.5) calcined by rotary kiln stove calcining
Painted dry rear colored sand raw material are delivered in calcined by rotary kiln stove and calcined by the port of drying oven, the gas-fired that calcined by rotary kiln furnace temperature is produced by producer gas generator is heated, is heated or heated by liquefied petroleum gas combustion by combustion of natural gas, and calcined by rotary kiln furnace temperature is controlled within the scope of 700-950 DEG C; High-temperature color sand after calcining is sent into cool furnace from calcined by rotary kiln furnace discharge mouth and is carried out coolingly, and cool furnace adopts the type of cooling air-cooled in stove and that the outer water-cooled of stove combines, and the colored sand temperature of cool furnace outlet is controlled at below 40 DEG C; Cooling rear colored sand finished product is transported to storage bin packing warehouse-in with lift.
Described reinforcer is two or more the mixture in silica powder, kaolin, dicalcium powder, aluminium sesquioxide and magnesium oxide;
Described fusing assistant is two or more the mixture in lead carbonate, borax, boric acid, zinc oxide, sodium carbonate and salt of wormwood;
Described chromogenic reagent is ferric oxide, Cadmium oxide, potassium bichromate, manganous carbonate, copper carbonate, cobalt oxide, stannic oxide or their mixture.
5. the method that adopts the painted colored sand of reaction by preparation claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described reinforcer is two or more the mixture in silica powder, kaolin, dicalcium powder, aluminium sesquioxide and magnesium oxide;
Described fusing assistant is two or more the mixture in lead carbonate, borax, boric acid, zinc oxide, sodium carbonate and salt of wormwood;
Described chromogenic reagent is ferric oxide, Cadmium oxide, potassium bichromate, manganous carbonate, copper carbonate, cobalt oxide, stannic oxide or their mixture.
6. the method that adopts the painted colored sand of reaction by preparation claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described roughing sand aggregate is basalt sand, quartz sand, yellow ground or extra large sand;
Described roughing sand aggregate size is 0.10-5.0mm;
Described tackiness agent is liquid phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium, liquid sodium silicate, the CMC dry powder aqueous solution or the W-Gum aqueous solution;
Described liquid sodium silicate is by buying and obtain on market; Or preparation voluntarily;
Described liquid sodium silicate voluntarily compound method is as follows:
The raw material of obtaining liq phosphoric acid hydrogen aluminium is made up of clear water 80.0-125.0 weight part, aluminium hydroxide 25.0-45.0 weight part and phosphatase 11 18.0-145.0 weight part, each raw material of weighing is according to the above ratio put into retort, under agitation reacting by heating, until aluminium hydroxide is all dissolved into transparent liquid, cool to 40 DEG C of dischargings, obtain liquid sodium silicate and package spare;
Described the CMC dry powder aqueous solution and W-Gum concentration of aqueous solution are 1wt-3wt%.
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| CN105272373A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-01-27 | 新密市万力实业发展有限公司 | Ceramic particle coloring strengthening method |
| CN106145733A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-11-23 | 山西亮龙涂料有限公司 | A kind of burning colorful sand and preparation technology thereof |
| CN106220015A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-14 | 赖伟阳 | A kind of burning colorful sand and preparation method |
| CN109437970A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-08 | 闽江学院 | A kind of preparation method of metallic silver effect color sand |
| CN111892319A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-11-06 | 广东双匠新型环保建材科技有限公司 | Colored sand and preparation method thereof |
| CN114347244A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 河北久申防水建筑材料有限公司 | Calcined mellow color sand |
| CN117585929A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 湖南大学 | Preparation method of aggregate with coating layer and cooling pavement material |
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| CN114347244A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-15 | 河北久申防水建筑材料有限公司 | Calcined mellow color sand |
| CN117585929A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 湖南大学 | Preparation method of aggregate with coating layer and cooling pavement material |
| CN117585929B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-05 | 湖南大学 | Preparation method of aggregate with coating layer and cooling pavement material |
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Application publication date: 20140709 |