CN103910396B - One utilizes the broken salt discharge method of microwave sea ice - Google Patents
One utilizes the broken salt discharge method of microwave sea ice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses one and utilize the broken salt discharge method of microwave sea ice, the method comprises the steps: 1) sea ice is put into microwave device; 2) in microwave device, sea ice is heated; 3) step 2) in heating after sea ice enter ice storage pond; 4) discharge the strong brine in ice storage pond, monitor Water salinity change simultaneously.Present method solves the practical problems such as sea ice not easily fragmentation, the desalination cycle is long, the inner brine channel of sea ice is formed slowly, low temperature ice cube fragmentation difficulty is large, desalination period length in Sea ice, have the time short, consume energy low, ratio of desalinization is high, be easy to the advantages such as industrialization, the method has been applicable to the sea ice/sea water desaltination experimental study stages such as ice seashore, harbour or dock and industrial production stage in enormous quantities.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sea ice/field of sea water desalting technology, particularly relate to one and utilize the broken salt discharge desalination method of microwave sea ice.
Background technology
China's Freshwater resources total amount is 2.7 tcms, and occupy the 6th, the world, the water yield is only equivalent to world occupancy volume per person's 1/4 per capita, occupies the 110th, the world.Water resources is also very uneven in areal distribution, and wherein, Bohai Rim is one of area that China's water quality lack of water is the most serious.Bo Hai district regional is the 3rd Economic Growth Poles that China grows up after Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta Area, along with the gathering rapidly here of industry and population, abnormal urgent to the hope breaking away from the constraint of Freshwater resources amount.Bohai Sea ice-control is a kind of disaster, especially a kind of resource.Research shows, normal time Circum-Bohai Sea sea ice can exploit 100 billion cubic meter ~ 200 billion cubic meters/time, because meeting regrowth after sea ice exploitation, if average production calculates for 4 ~ 5 times per year, the potential Allowable exploitation quantity of sea ice of so whole Bohai Sea Area reaches as high as 1000 billion cubic meters/year, enters ocean current amount by what exceed the Yellow River 1 year.If therefore huge sea ice reserves to be converted into cheap Freshwater resources, to regional economy sustainable development, environmental improvement etc., there is vital role and strategic importance.
At sea, sea ice is merged by the fresh water ice crystal, ice needle and the borneol that are formed at low ambient temperatures, grows and form, in the cave formed when being enclosed in merging after part seawater concentrates and lattice, another part is then separated out the seawater below flowing between ice crystal; And cave or intracell strong brine define so-called " salt solution born of the same parents " or " bittern born of the same parents ", the ice crystal of growth downwards, greatly mainly with rectangular arrangement, makes solid-state sea ice have longitudinal joint attribute.So sea ice structure is different from fresh ice structure, it is not simple ice crystal, but the solid, liquid, gas three-phase mixture that solid ice crystal, salt solution born of the same parents and a small amount of solid impurity form.The salinity of sea ice is mainly from the salt solution born of the same parents between crystal, and the salt concentration of salt solution born of the same parents and quantity decide the height of sea ice saltiness, and therefore how the salt solution born of the same parents in sea ice being removed is the key of Sea ice.
Since the people such as China scientist professor Shi Peijun propose Sea ice concept first in time of nearly 18 years, the Research Team based on Beijing Normal University has carried out a series of related work successively.Research shows, degree of saltiness separation principle when naturally melting according to sea ice, can realize sea ice desalting by simple physical method.Sea ice desalting method common at present has: soak desalination process, centrifugal desalination process, soak centrifugal desalination process, temperature control freeze thawing gravity desalinization method etc.In fact, Sea ice method is mainly divided into two classes, a kind of be utilize thermal conduction, convection current, thermal radiation etc. by outer and in intensification thawing mode, the inner salt solution born of the same parents expansion of sea ice is made to form salt discharge passage gradually, finally realize the object that salt-fresh water is separated Sea ice, but the method desalination cycle is long, serialization degree is low, generally need 1-2 month, as Chinese patent 200510092863.7.Another, be carry out after adopting the fragmentation of sea ice mechanical height centrifugal, immersion waits salt discharge desalination method, salt solution born of the same parents sea ice interior size differed are needed all to smash in the method, salt solution born of the same parents individuality is made to destroy and come out, really could discharge strong brine, namely sea ice desalting effect and sea ice degree of crushing have direct relation, such as sea ice is through repeatedly Mechanical Crushing, until ice crystal particle diameter reaches about 3mm, recycling high speed centrifugation process could obtain better effects (see Chinese patent 201210384736.4 by Sea ice, in fact most sea ice salt solution born of the same parents length is less than 1mm).Combine institute above-mentioned, in existing Sea ice method, temperature control freeze thawing gravity desalinization method has the shortcomings such as cycle length, poor continuity; And the shortcoming such as traditional Mechanical Crushing is soaked, the method such as centrifugal has that the requirement of material degree of crushing is high, inefficiency, power consumption are high, be all the key issue and bottleneck that run in the current Sea ice technique study of puzzlement and industrialization PRODUCTION TRAITS.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide one and utilizes the broken salt discharge method of microwave sea ice, this method solve the practical problems such as sea ice not easily fragmentation, the desalination cycle is long, the inner brine channel of sea ice is formed slowly, low temperature ice cube fragmentation difficulty is large, desalination period length in Sea ice, have the time short, consume energy low, ratio of desalinization is high, be easy to the advantages such as industrialization, the method has been applicable to the sea ice/sea water desaltination experimental study stages such as ice seashore, harbour or dock and industrial production stage in enormous quantities.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
One utilizes the broken salt discharge method of microwave sea ice, and the method comprises the steps:
1) sea ice is put into microwave device;
2) in microwave device, sea ice is heated;
3) by step 2) in heating after sea ice send into ice storage pond;
4) discharge the strong brine in ice storage pond, monitor salinity altercation simultaneously.
Preferably, step 1) in sea ice thickness be 5 ~ 50cm, sea ice width is less than 1m, is as the criterion can enter microwave device.
Preferably, step 1) described microwave device is microwave heating installation, on the cavity of described microwave heating installation or lower wall the microwave generator that microwave frequency is 890MHz ~ 24.125GHz is installed; Described housing depth is 30 ~ 60cm, and width is 50 ~ 100cm, this cavity size can ensure sea ice smoothly by and within the scope of microwave Effective depth penetration; In addition, this microwave heating installation has the measure of microwave anti-leak protection.
Preferably, step 2) condition of described heating is microwave frequency 890MHz ~ 24.125GHz, power 1KW ~ 20KW, heat-up time 0.1-5 minute; More preferably, described Microwave Frequency 915MHz ~ 2450MHz.
According to microwave permeability occasioned and in dielectric media depth of penetration restriction, consider the requirement fast in short-term that continuous industrial high-efficiency is produced, the present invention selects the sea ice of thickness 5 ~ 50cm and the optimization combo scheme of 0.1-5 minute quick crashing sea ice salt discharge simultaneously.After heating, the inner salt discharge hole link of sea ice, ooze under bittern and make the color lower floor that bleaches gradually in ice cube upper strata dimmed gradually, when dark color rises to sea ice 1/2 place, sea ice brine channel is got through completely, and ice crystal cement structure loosens, and sea ice viscosity significantly reduces; Wherein, heat-up time is selected according to microwave source watt level, and heat-up time and power and microwave frequency are inversely proportional to, and are directly proportional to sea ice amount; As power be 20KW, microwave frequency 915MHz time, heat-up time is generally within 1 minute.
Preferably, step 3) in sea ice freely crash into ice storage pond from least 3 meters of eminences.Utilize the free falling of sea ice self gravitation effect to clash into shattering process, facility investment and the additional energy consumption of Mechanical Crushing can be reduced; Avoid the structure deteriorate of mechanical force to ice crystal in addition, reduce ice bits to macroporous ponding, be conducive to quick salt discharge.Because sea ice ice crystal structure loosens, then clash into through gravity fall, the matrix arrangement structure of sea ice ice crystal is scattered disintegration; The height of fall is minimum is 3m, with the integrity of the fragmentation disintegration and crystal ice granule of guaranteeing sea ice structure.
Preferably, step 4) in complete the salt discharge desalination of sea ice in 3 days, terminate salt discharge when salinity is less than 1g/L, complete the salt discharge desalination of sea ice.At the bottom of the pond in ice storage pond and pool wall there is antiseepage function, and pond is greater than 2 meters deeply, piles up ice thickness and can be greater than 2 meters in pond.
Because block sea ice degree of crushing is high, after microwave heating, ice intercrystalline bittern groove resistance significantly reduces, a small amount of salinity of ice crystal attachment is easy to down ooze, until bottom ice storage pond, therefore the sea ice in ice storage pond is without the need to adding the measure such as coverture and temperature control, only carry out the salt solution pump drainage of bottom, the general time cycle is less than 3 days.In addition, the degree of depth that Conventional gravity desalting method is transmitted by surface heat and rate, in ice storage pond, the piling height of sea ice is generally less than 2 meters, and after microwave heating, salt discharge duct has been formed, salt discharge, no longer by the restriction of ulking thickness, has correspondingly broken the storage capacity restriction in Sea ice ice storage pond.In the present invention, the degree of depth in ice storage pond is greater than 2 meters, and the ice thickness of piling up in pond can be greater than 2 meters, and the concrete depth visual in ice storage pond is desalinated on-the-spot practical situation and determines, such as 5 meters, 10 meters, 15 meters, and 20 meters dark.
Microwave technology is technology more popular in recent years, is used for food-processing, industry except fields such as wet purifications.In sea water desaltination, there is the device through condensing reflux desalination after utilizing microwave technology to evaporate the water to heating of seawater, as Chinese patent 201320049445.X, the method adopts the mode to heating of seawater gasification desalination, shortcoming needs to consume a large amount of water-gas phase heating, in essence with traditional heating after the gasify technology difference of desalination little.And utilize microwave make the method for Sea ice and utilize microwave to make the method for sea water desaltination have essential distinction.
The present invention utilizes microwave to accelerate the method for the broken salt discharge of sea ice, the feature larger according to the dielectric properties difference of ice and salt solution born of the same parents, when utilizing microwave to heat it, salt solution born of the same parents heat absorption is faster, cause the duct Rapid Expansion of salt solution born of the same parents periphery, melt and ooze, accelerate the dissolving of ice crystal cementing material, reduce the difficulty of sea ice fragmentation, finally realize the object of sea ice quick crashing salt discharge desalination.Having broken low temperature Sea ice process due to the method must rely on nature intensification to get through the traditional consciousness of the inner salt discharge passage of sea ice or the broken salt discharge of mechanical forced, use sea ice ice crystal and salt solution born of the same parents to have the characteristic of bigger difference to microwave heat absorption dexterously, thus realize the object of sea ice quick crashing salt discharge desalination.Therefore, the present invention all has larger improvement to the conventional art of Sea ice and processing method, the R and D of this inventive method, will become sea ice or the important theoretical basis of sea water desaltination industry and technical support means.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention mainly solves the technical barrier that the inner brine channel of sea ice is formed slowly, the broken difficulty of low temperature ice cube is large, desalination period is long, the present invention has sea ice brine channel and is formed rapidly, brine channel, fragmentation can be formed easily in 0.1-5 minute, namely sea ice viscosity and hardness significantly reduce, desalting efficiency is high, fresh water output capacity about 60%, desalination the cycle short, the desalination cycle is reduced within 3 days by being greater than 45 days, has been applicable to the sea ice/sea water desaltination experimental study stages such as ice seashore, harbour or dock and industrial production stage in enormous quantities.Present method facilitates the development of sea ice/sea water desaltination industry, alleviates the problem of scarcity of fresh water resources, for aspects such as increase production, domestic water reserves and environmental protect, has significant economy, society and environmental benefit; When sea ice ice condition is serious, can also turn waste into wealth while slowing down sea ice threat, thus increase Freshwater resources amount, therefore the present invention has huge market potential and application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail;
Fig. 1 is a kind of schema utilizing the broken salt discharge method of microwave sea ice;
Fig. 2 is the microwave sea ice salt discharge schematic diagram of different heating time.
Embodiment
For understanding the present invention better, will further illustrate the solution of the present invention below by specific embodiment, protection scope of the present invention should comprise the full content of claim, but is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment configures for Nacl the experiment that salt water freezing substitutes sea ice, is described further the inventive method.
1) sea ice saltiness is 4g/L, 8g/L, and often kind of saltiness takes the square ice cube that weight is 0.2kg, 0.5kg, 1kg, 8kg respectively.Sea ice being sent into power is 700W, and microwave frequency is that in " beautiful MM721AAU-PW " microwave oven of 2450MHz, continuous rotation heats.
2) heat 3 minutes.After microwave heating, sea ice color is dimmed gradually from the bottom to top, and salt solution is full of hole, and passage is formed gradually, when dark color rises to sea ice 1/2 place, stops heating.Now ice crystal cement structure loosens, and viscosity significantly reduces, and internal and external temperature is consistent, can break into two with one's hands gently with hand; And the internal temperature of pure water ice is lower, hardness is identical with initial hardness.
3) from 3m eminence, sea ice is fallen into ice storage pond.Because sea ice ice crystal structure loosens, clash into when gravity fall and bottom ice storage pond again, matrix form ice crystal structure disintegrates, and after the ice cube after microwave treatment falls, the ice cube length of more than 90% is less than 10cm, and only has the ice cube length of 10% to be less than 10cm after falling without the ice cube of microwave treatment.
4) sea ice in ice storage pond is placed in 0 DEG C of environment in low temperature environment, the sea ice clashed into through falling stack after owing to not having the obstruct of bulk sea ice, macrovoid more, therefore row to ooze the speed of strong brine fast.Salt discharge is stopped after about 4h, after measured under two kinds of salinity process, Sea ice salinity water average out to 0.02 ± 0.01g/L, the total ratio of desalinization 92 ± 5% of sea ice, fresh water output capacity is 68 ± 7%; And the Sea ice salinity water of non-heated by microwave is 3.58 ± 0.5g/L, ratio of desalinization 35 ± 5%.Compared with Conventional gravity desalting method, desalination period shortened to 4 hours by 45 days, and fresh water output capacity increases by 5%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment, for Huanghua, Bohai Sea section sea ice, is described further the inventive method.
1) sea ice saltiness is 5.5g/L, and weight is about the rectangle ice cube polylith of 0.8kg respectively.Sea ice being sent into power is 700W, and microwave frequency is that in " beautiful MM721AAU-PW " microwave oven of 2450MHz, continuous rotation heats, and time-triggered protocol is respectively 0 minute, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes.
2), after microwave heating, ice crystal cement structure loosens, and viscosity significantly reduces, and inside and outside hardness is consistent; And the internal temperature of pure water ice is still lower, little with initial temperature difference, and have ice-nucleus to exist, its hardness and initial hardness basically identical, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of dyeing after 8 minutes, can see the sea ice salt discharge passage difference under the different heating time.
3) crash into the metal tin of simulation tank by sea ice from 3m eminence, sea ice solid structure loosens, and crystal ice granule is relatively complete.
4) under sea ice being placed on indoor 10 DEG C of conditions, natural salt discharge.
The sea ice of heated by microwave 3min is again through natural salt discharge in 5 hours, Sea ice salinity water 0.68 ± 0.1g/L, the total ratio of desalinization 87.73 ± 5% of sea ice, fresh water output capacity is 52.82 ± 5%, compared with the sea ice salt discharge efficiency 64.24 ± 1% of non-heated by microwave, improve about 23.5%, and the Sea ice salinity water of non-heated by microwave is 1.97g/L, not yet reaches desalination water water quality standard.
The sea ice indices of different microwave heating time is in table 1.
For this case experiment microwave oven type, compared with Conventional gravity desalting method, the equal desalination time, desalting efficiency improves about 25%; If compare with equal desalting efficiency, desalination period foreshortened to 5 hours by about 45 days, and time efficiency significantly improves.
The salt discharge of table 1.2014 Huanghua microwave Sea ice in 1, on January is tested
Embodiment 3
Repeat embodiment 2, difference is that the sea ice after microwave heating is through Mechanical Crushing, and ice cube diameter is about 3cm, and after measured, desalination water salinity is 1.2g/L, sea ice ratio of desalinization 75%, producing water ratio about 30%.
Comparing embodiment 3 and 2, can find out that sea ice through free falling is owing to remaining the integrity of ice crystal, avoids the structure deteriorate of machinery to crystal ice granule, decreases the obstruction of tiny ice bits to macrovoid salt discharge passage, thus have better Sea ice effect.
Obviously; the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described; and be not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments, every belong to technical scheme of the present invention the apparent change of extending out or variation be still in the row of protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. utilize the broken salt discharge method of microwave sea ice, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) sea ice is put into microwave device;
2) in microwave device, sea ice is heated;
3) by step 2) in heating after sea ice send into ice storage pond;
4) discharge the strong brine in ice storage pond, monitor salinity altercation simultaneously;
Step 2) condition of described heating is microwave frequency 890MHz ~ 24.125GHz, power 1KW ~ 20KW, 0.1 ~ 5 minute heat-up time.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) described sea ice thickness is 5 ~ 50cm, sea ice width is 0.1 ~ 1 meter.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) described microwave device is microwave heating installation, on the cavity of described microwave heating installation or lower wall to install microwave frequency be the microwave generator of 890MHz ~ 24.125GHz; Described housing depth is 30 ~ 60cm, and width is 50 ~ 100cm.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) described microwave frequency is 915MHz ~ 2450MHz.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3) condition in described feeding ice storage pond is that sea ice crashes into ice storage pond from least 3 meters of eminences.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 4) time of described discharge strong brine is 0-3 days, terminates salt discharge when salinity is less than 1g/L.
7. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the pond in described ice storage pond is greater than 2 meters deeply.
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Citations (3)
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| CN1919742A (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-02-28 | 国家海洋环境监测中心 | Sea ice desalinization facilities with gravity method and sea ice solid-state gravity desalinization method |
| WO2008113395A1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Process for separating a mixture containing salt |
| CN202333696U (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-07-11 | 温县供电有限责任公司 | Microwave deicing device for transmission line |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1919742A (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-02-28 | 国家海洋环境监测中心 | Sea ice desalinization facilities with gravity method and sea ice solid-state gravity desalinization method |
| WO2008113395A1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Process for separating a mixture containing salt |
| CN202333696U (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-07-11 | 温县供电有限责任公司 | Microwave deicing device for transmission line |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 控温法海冰冻融固态脱盐技术研究;许映军等;《应用基础与工程学学报》;20061231;第14卷(第4期);第471页倒数1-2段，第472页地1-3段，第473页第3-4段，表1-2 * |
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