CN103910056A - Novel efficient rudder - Google Patents
Novel efficient rudder Download PDFInfo
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- CN103910056A CN103910056A CN201410134720.7A CN201410134720A CN103910056A CN 103910056 A CN103910056 A CN 103910056A CN 201410134720 A CN201410134720 A CN 201410134720A CN 103910056 A CN103910056 A CN 103910056A
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- rudder
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel efficient rudder. The novel efficient rudder comprises a rudder blade, a rudderstock and a rudder bearing. The rudder blade is fixedly connected with the rudderstock through a flange, the rudderstock is connected with a rudder power mechanism in a ship through the rudder bearing, the surface of the rudder blade is roughened, the outer surface of the rudder blade is provided with one or various of pits, grooves and texture structures for reducing frictional drag of the rudder blade. The rudder blade of a sternpost rudder can effectively reduce frictional drag and viscous drag of the sternpost rudder in the water. Besides, without additional devices, the novel efficient rudder is economic and practical and capable of increasing ship navigation speed on the premise of not increasing cost and capable of reducing energy consumption under the condition of same navigational speed, and the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the directional controller on boats and ships, more particularly, relate to a kind of new and effective rudder.
Background technology
Ship resistance is divided into friction drag, viscous resistance and wave making resistance according to physical essence, wherein friction drag and viscous resistance are immersed in undersurface part and fluid generation friction and sticking phenomenon generation by hull, and tail vane, be the part that must work in underwater, fluid inevitably can produce friction drag and viscous resistance on the surface of tail vane.Boats and ships list resistance of rudder accounts for the 1%--2% of bare hull, and Twin Rudders account for the 3%--5% of bare hull resistance, thus resistance of rudder reduce can make boats and ships under specified main engine power, more easily reach higher route speed.
In order to reach this target, people have done many effort in all fields, are mainly at present to adopt the bench section of rudder blade to be designed to the form of stream line pattern or airfoil type, and make that rudder blade surface is smooth as far as possible reduces the resistance that it is subject in water.But, when ship's navigation, the Re order of magnitude can reach 105 grades, be far longer than the requirement of the Re=60 that separation of boundary layer occurs, so in the time that boats and ships normally navigate by water, the separation phenomenon of boundary 1ayer can occur tail vane, boundary 1ayer is a thin layer, it exists the flow region of very large velocity gradient and curl near rudder blade surface along rudder blade surface normal direction.Viscous stress is resistance to the water body of boundary 1ayer, so along with water body flows backward along object plane, the water body in boundary 1ayer can slow down gradually, supercharging.Due to the continuity of water body flow, boundary 1ayer can flow through more low speed water body by thickening within one time.Therefore in boundary 1ayer, there is adverse pressure gradient, be flowing under adverse pressure gradient effect, can further slow down, the kinetic energy of the water body in last whole boundary 1ayer be all not enough to permanent maintain to flow carry out downstream always, so that can be contrary with the velocity reversal of potential barrier in its speed of body surface somewhere, produce adverse current.This adverse current can be squeezed boundary 1ayer in potential barrier, causes the unexpected thickening of boundary 1ayer or separation.Separation of boundary layer can make resistance rise, and particularly because the pressure difference of position water body before and after rudder blade rises, makes pressure drag become large.Even the rudder blade of stream line pattern or airfoil type, still cannot solve the problem that resistance that separation of boundary layer causes rises.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of new and effective rudder, the rudder blade of this tail vane can reduce friction drag and the viscous resistance of tail vane in water effectively, and do not need to install extra equipment, economic, practical, under the prerequisite that does not increase cost, can realize raising shipping sail speed, or in same speed of a ship or plane decline low energy consumption, realize the target of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Correspondingly, the present invention is by making the technological means of rudder blade surface roughening solve above-mentioned technical matters, this new and effective rudder, comprise rudder blade, rudder stock and rudder bearer, rudder blade is fixedly connected with rudder stock by flange, rudder stock is connected with the rudder actuating unit being arranged in boats and ships by rudder bearer, and the outside face of rudder blade is provided with for reducing one or more combinations in the pit of rudder blade friction drag, groove and texture structure.Wherein texture structure can be the staggered latticed texture structure forming of oblique line.The degree of depth of pit can be between 10mm～50mm value, pit, groove and texture structure are in area occupation ratio value between 10%～60% on rudder blade surface.
These pits can be one or more combinations in circular pit, oblong pits, polygon pit, fish scale shape pit, irregularly shaped pit, and its arrangement mode also can have multiple.Such as pit can be the circular pit that multiple shapes are identical, in the outside face of rudder blade align in length and breadth neat, crisscross or irregular alignment; Can be the oblong pits that multiple shapes are identical, in the outside face of rudder blade align in length and breadth neat, crisscross or irregular alignment; Also it can be the polygon pit that multiple shapes are identical (polygon can comprise triangle, rectangle, pentagon etc.), in the outside face of rudder blade align in length and breadth neat, crisscross or irregular alignment.Same arrangement mode is also applicable to fish scale shape and irregularly shaped pit.
Except the pit of single shape, also can be the pit combination of various ways, such as circular and polygon pit mixed distribution, align in length and breadth neatly at the outside face of rudder blade, crisscross or irregular alignment, same mixed distribution and arrangement mode are also applicable to circle and ellipse, circle and polygon, circle and fish scale shape, circular and erose pit combination, or oval, polygon, fish scale shape and erose combination of two, circular pit even, oblong pits, polygon pit, fish scale shape pit, in irregularly shaped pit three kinds, four kinds of even hybrid combinings of five kinds, the spread pattern of these hybrid combinings can be that the outside face of rudder blade aligns neatly in length and breadth equally, crisscross or irregular alignment.
Groove can be linear pattern groove or shaped form groove, is arranged in parallel with each other, or linear pattern and the mixing of shaped form groove, arrangement in parallel, also can adopt the spaced form of groove and pit to arrange.
Rudder blade surface can adopt single pit, groove or texture structure, also can adopt the hybrid combining of pit and groove, pit and texture structure, texture structure and groove or pit, groove and texture structure.
Boundary 1ayer while moving in rudder blade surface in water body, according to the Reynolds number difference of local flow field, the fluid in boundary 1ayer can be divided into laminar flow or turbulent flow.Laminar flow normally in the boundary 1ayer on smooth rudder blade surface, and current in the boundary 1ayer of rough rudder blade are turbulent flows.The boundary 1ayer of turbulent flow is subject to the impact of adverse pressure gradient less, so after the separation point of the boundary 1ayer on rough rudder blade surface leans on relatively, its viscosity drag on the contrary more smooth rudder blade is lower, pressure drag can significantly reduce especially.
Compared with prior art, usefulness of the present invention is: this tail vane can postpone boundary separation point effectively, reduce resistance, under normal circumstances, when ship's navigation, reynolds number Re can reach more than 105, be far longer than the requirement of the Re=60 that separation of boundary layer occurs, so in the time that boats and ships normally navigate by water, can there is the separation phenomenon of boundary 1ayer, and drag reduction structure on boats and ships can play the effect of postponing separation of boundary layer point, reduce viscosity drag and friction drag on rudder blade, the energy consumption while having reduced ship's navigation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the specific embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 2 is that the suffered resistance of rudder blade changes histogram with the speed of a ship or plane;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of specific embodiment two;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of specific embodiment three.
Detailed description of the invention
According to specific embodiments and the drawings, this present invention is described further below.
New and effective rudder as shown in Figure 1, comprise rudder blade 1, rudder stock 2 and rudder bearer, rudder blade 1 is fixedly connected with rudder stock 2 by flange, and rudder stock 2 is connected with the rudder actuating unit being arranged in boats and ships by rudder bearer, and the outside face of rudder blade 1 is provided with the circular pit 3 for reducing rudder blade friction drag.The degree of depth of pit 3 is 30mm, and alignment is arranged on the outside face of rudder blade 1 in length and breadth, and pit 3 is 25% at the area occupation ratio on rudder blade surface.
Due to traditional habit, it is believed that more smooth surperficial friction drag is less, the present inventor has overcome traditional technology prejudice---and-coarse surface can increase friction drag, by the surface roughening of rudder blade 1, produce turbulent boundary 1ayer, postpone boundary separation point, shift to an earlier date turning point, aspect the resistance being subject at minimizing rudder blade, obtain good effect, and in experiment, obtained confirmation.
In experiment, getting chord is 2m, chord length is that the stream line pattern tail vane of 1m is as experimental subjects, the rudder blade smooth surface of one of them tail vane, it is 30mm and the circular pit of proper alignment in length and breadth that there are multiple diameters on the rudder blade surface of another tail vane, under different liquids flow velocity (the simulation speed of a ship or plane), test, can obtain following result:
The ganoid rudder blade resistance of table 1-1 is with velocity variations
| Speed (m/s) | R(N) |
| 10 | 278.5631 |
| 15 | 308.6234 |
| 20 | 365.2085 |
| 22.5 | 506.2598 |
| 25 | 722.4245 |
Table 1-2 surface have 30mm pit the suffered resistance of rudder blade with velocity variations
| Speed (m/s) | R(N) |
| 10 | 258.3625 |
| 15 | 284.5882 |
| 20 | 327.5363 |
| 22.5 | 473.461 |
| 25 | 678.5431 |
From table 1-1,1-2 and Fig. 2, along with the change of flow velocity is large, there is rudder blade and the suffered all corresponding increases of resistance of traditional smooth outside plate rudder blade of 30mm pit on surface, but the suffered resistance of traditional smooth outside plate rudder blade is larger than this specific embodiment all the time.
Therefore can reach a conclusion, 30mm pit is set on rudder blade surface and make the suffered resistance of rudder blade obtain obvious decline, optimize the performance of rudder blade, obtain expected effect.
In concrete enforcement, the degree of depth of pit 3 can be selected within the scope of 10～50mm, get respectively pit depth and be 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm tests, and all can obtain the technique effect of desirable raising 1ift-drag ratio.
In addition, the shape of pit 3 also can adopt one or more the group form in circular pit, oblong pits, polygon pit and irregularly shaped pit, can adopt rule or irregular alignment, all can obtain after tested the technique effect of desirable raising 1ift-drag ratio.
Pit, is got 10%, 20%, 30%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% and is tested at the area occupation ratio on rudder blade surface between 10%～60%, and effect is all very good.
Except regular circular shrinkage hole, can also adopt on its rudder blade 2 surfaces several the grooves that be arranged in parallel 4 are set, specific embodiment two as shown in Figure 3, the degree of depth of these grooves is 30mm, is parallel to the setting of rudder blade upper limb.
Specific embodiment three as shown in Figure 4, what be only that its rudder blade 2 arranges with the difference of specific embodiment one is by the staggered latticed texture structure 5 forming of oblique line.The dark 10mm of texture structure, gross area rate 30%.
Above embodiment is for understanding the present invention's; it is not limitation of the present invention; about the those of ordinary skill in field; on the basis of technical scheme described in claim; can also make multiple variation or moulding; such as groove also can adopt wave-shaped groove, fold-line-shaped groove or irregularly shaped groove, these variations or modification should be understood to still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a new and effective rudder, comprise rudder blade, rudder stock and rudder bearer, rudder blade is fixedly connected with rudder stock by flange, rudder stock is connected with the rudder actuating unit being arranged in boats and ships by rudder bearer, it is characterized in that: the outside face of described rudder blade is provided with for reducing one or more combinations in the pit of the suffered resistance of rudder blade, groove and texture structure.
2. new and effective rudder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pit is one or more combinations in circular pit, oblong pits, polygon pit, fish scale shape pit, irregularly shaped pit.
3. new and effective rudder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the quantity of described pit has multiple, and in the outside face of the rudder blade proper alignment of aliging in length and breadth.
4. new and effective rudder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the quantity of described pit has multiple, and in the outside face criss-cross arrangement of rudder blade.
5. new and effective rudder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the quantity of described pit has multiple, and in the outside face irregular alignment of rudder blade.
6. according to the new and effective rudder described in claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that: the degree of depth of described pit is 10mm～50mm.
7. new and effective rudder according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the area occupation ratio of described pit is 10%～60%.
8. new and effective rudder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described groove is linear pattern groove and/or shaped form groove.
9. new and effective rudder according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the degree of depth of described groove is 10mm～50mm.
10. new and effective rudder according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described texture structure is latticed texture structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410134720.7A CN103910056A (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Novel efficient rudder |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410134720.7A CN103910056A (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | Novel efficient rudder |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106477015A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-08 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | A kind of warship low noise rudder blade surface texture |
| CN115783199A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-14 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Perforated rudder for inhibiting vortex-excited vibration and design method thereof |
Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191012794A (en) * | 1910-05-26 | 1911-03-09 | Josef Franz Karl Urban | Improvements in Perforated Screw Propellers, applicable also to Rudders and Paddle Wheels. |
| KR20090015342A (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | The rudder section for reduction of cavitation erosion |
| KR20100048540A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-11 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Wavy rudder and ship having the same |
| CN201769924U (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-03-23 | 冯震 | Vehicle, ship outer shell plate |
| CN102259687A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-11-30 | 徐士华 | Energy-conservation and acceleration method of ship rudder blade water cushion |
| CN102689686A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-26 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Rudder for bionic coupling ship |
| KR20130021870A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-03-06 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Structure for foaming surface layer of rudder in ship and foaming method thereof |
| CN203946270U (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-11-19 | 浙江海洋学院 | A kind of marine rudder of convex-concave surface |
-
2014
- 2014-04-04 CN CN201410134720.7A patent/CN103910056A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191012794A (en) * | 1910-05-26 | 1911-03-09 | Josef Franz Karl Urban | Improvements in Perforated Screw Propellers, applicable also to Rudders and Paddle Wheels. |
| KR20090015342A (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | The rudder section for reduction of cavitation erosion |
| KR20100048540A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-11 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Wavy rudder and ship having the same |
| CN201769924U (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-03-23 | 冯震 | Vehicle, ship outer shell plate |
| CN102259687A (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2011-11-30 | 徐士华 | Energy-conservation and acceleration method of ship rudder blade water cushion |
| KR20130021870A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-03-06 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Structure for foaming surface layer of rudder in ship and foaming method thereof |
| CN102689686A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-26 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Rudder for bionic coupling ship |
| CN203946270U (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-11-19 | 浙江海洋学院 | A kind of marine rudder of convex-concave surface |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106477015A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-08 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | A kind of warship low noise rudder blade surface texture |
| CN115783199A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-14 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Perforated rudder for inhibiting vortex-excited vibration and design method thereof |
| CN115783199B (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-09-26 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Perforated rudder for inhibiting vortex-induced vibration and design method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20140709 |
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