CN103892818A - Non-invasive central aortic blood pressure measuring method and device - Google Patents
Non-invasive central aortic blood pressure measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-invasive central aortic blood pressure measuring method and device. The non-invasive central aortic blood pressure measuring method includes, according to a human artery network model based on viscous fluid mechanics, a method of calculating artery network model personalized parameters of a measured person through measured radial artery and brachial artery pulse wave signals and arm blood pressure values, a method of calculating an ascending aorta-radial artery transfer function and a method of calculating central arterial pressure waveforms through measured central arterial pressures. The non-invasive central aortic blood pressure continuous measuring device comprises a pulse wave signal processing and analysis unit and a radial artery and brachial artery pulse wave signal acquisition unit worn on a wrist. The method is different from an existing general transfer function method, the artery network model parameters of each person to be measured are measured and calculated and the artery network model parameters are numerical characteristics of the cardiovascular system states of the person to be measured with the calculated central arterial pressure waveforms, and the method and device has important meanings in prevention, curing and control of cardiovascular diseases, especially high-risk diseases, such as hypertensions and coronary heart diseases.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of medical detection, particularly relate to a kind of noinvasive center arteriotony waveform measurement system.
Background technology
Center arterial pressure (Central aortic pressure) refers to root of ascending aorta blood pressure.2006, the subgroup research CAFE(Conduit Artery Function Evaluation of Europe maximum-norm hypertension research ASCOT) result of study demonstration, center arterial pressure and center pulse pressure more can reflect cardiac load than periphery brachial arterial pressure, more closely related with the generation of cardiovascular event.In recent years, center arterial pressure has obtained medical profession and has more and more paid attention to, and the sick association of European hypertension association and heart of Europe combines the independent index using center arterial pressure as blood pressure management of hypertension management guidance handbook of issue.
Center arteriotony estimates it is the key technology of cardiovascular field accurately.The existing method of obtaining center arteriotony is divided into wound mode and the large class of noinvasive mode two.There is wound method to refer to and adopt conduit intervention method directly to obtain center arteriotony.The method is mainly used in the fields such as first aid field, cardiovascular surgery and intensive care unit(ICU), has advantages of accurate and visual; But the method has traumatic, and need professional to operate, be difficult for widespread adoption.Human body center arteriotony can not non-invasive measurement, and non-invasive methods, mainly by the analysis to physiological signals such as radial artery blood corrugatings, estimates to obtain center arteriotony.
The United States Patent (USP) 5 of being write by O'Rourke, 265,011 has proposed a kind of general transfer function (GTF) method, by the analysis to big-sample data, estimate to obtain the general transfer function of center arterial pressure-pressure of the radial artery, from the radial artery blood pressure measuring, utilize GTF to estimate to obtain subjects's center arteriotony.The method is adopted by the product SphygmoCor of Australian AtCor Medical company.O'Rourke also has a series of similar techniques, comprises United States Patent (USP) 7,628,758 etc.Singapore HealthSTATS has proposed average (the N-Point Moving Average) method of Multipoint movable, and human body radial artery blood corrugating is carried out obtaining human body center arteriotony waveform after N point rolling average processing (1/4th that N is sample rate).
Although said method has obtained the checking of a large amount of clinical trials, there is following problem: (1) general transfer function method and Multipoint movable averaging method, all from clinical experience, do not have theory support.(2) these two kinds of methods are universal method, and its supposed premise is, everyone, no matter age, sex, health are how, the transfer function of their center arterial pressure-pressure of the radial artery is all the same.This hypothesis has been ignored a fact, the blood vessel personalizing parameters that characterizes disease is bound to reaction in transfer function, different patients' cardiovascular characteristic has very large difference (as vascular compliance, resistance of blood flow etc.), this must affect the accuracy of result, has also lost the important information of diagnosis simultaneously.We think, the transfer function of everyone center arterial pressure-pressure of the radial artery is different, and the parameter of transfer function itself, is also the numerical characteristic of people's cardiovascular system, is the important information that cardiovascular diseases diagnoses.
There is hypertensive patient more than 200,000,000 in China, the continuous BP measurement of the key technology of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and the control of hypertension and measurement and the analysis of center arterial pressure.Therefore, the present invention " noinvasive center arteriotony measuring method and equipment " is significant.
Summary of the invention
Be different from prior art, the present invention is personalized noinvasive center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, and its technical side is by comprising:
Equipment in the present invention has a pulse wave signal collecting unit that can be worn in wrist, the sensor, controller and the wrist that comprise measurement radial artery and brachial artery are adhered to and clamp device, gather measured's moving arteries and veins, brachial pulse ripple signal, amplify and the measured signal of digitized.
Theoretical basis of the present invention is human body artery blood vessel network model, this can computation model from arterial vascular perfect elasticity infinitesimal, set up governing equations of hydrodynamics, big-and-middle arteries model and equivalent circuit, little arteriole vascular pattern and equivalent circuit, thereby obtain human body artery blood vessel network model.
In equipment of the present invention, also has a signal processing and analyzing unit operating on portable computing device, real-time synchronization control pulse wave signal collecting unit, realize synchronous acquisition and process radial artery and brachial pulse ripple signal, calculate measured's Artery Vein parameter by radial artery and brachial pulse ripple, center tremulous pulse is to the transfer function of radial artery, calculate center arteriotony wave mode by radial artery blood corrugating and transfer function, for doctor and user provide the analytical tool of arteries parameter and center arteriotony wave mode, generate examining report, printed report, or testing result and report are uploaded onto the server.
According to embodiments of the invention, pulse wave signal collecting unit is a micro embedded hardware and software system, comprise sensor, preamplifier, analog digital conversion and the controller of measuring radial artery and brachial pulse ripple, wherein radial artery sensor is stablized and is contacted by an attachment device assurance sensor and radial artery appearance, while guaranteeing to measure brachial pulse ripple, the quality of radial pulse wave sensor output pulse wave signal, the pulse wave signal of surveying amplify and be converted to digital signal through preamplifier, be sent to signal processing and analyzing unit.
According to embodiments of the invention, pulse wave sensor adopts pressure sensor, optical pickocff or electromagnetic transducer, the attachment device of oar pulse wave sensor adopts the structure of similar wrist-watch, brachial artery sensor embeds and is easy in manual probe, and pulse wave sensor adopts single-sensor electrode or sensor electrode array.
According to embodiments of the invention, set up computable human body artery blood vessel network model, comprise: derived the main big-and-middle arteries of mechanics of viscous fluids governing equation group, human body and little microvascular mechanics of viscous fluids governing equation group and the equivalent circuit of perfect elasticity arteries infinitesimal, set up computable Whole Body arteries network model.
According to embodiments of the invention, signal processing and analyzing unit, it operates on portable computing device, be connected with pulse wave signal collecting unit in wired or wireless mode, the acquisition and processing of real-time synchronization control radial artery and brachial pulse ripple signal, and further comprise pulse wave signal processing and analysis module, tremulous pulse network model computation module and measurement and analysis report module.
According to embodiments of the invention, pulse wave signal is processed and analysis module receives radial artery and the brachial pulse waveform signal from pulse wave acquisition controller, and these waveshape signals are assessed, output assessment result, so that operator adjusts sensor placement location and mode, until collect qualified pulse wave signal.Pulse wave signal is processed and analysis module is also further processed the pulse wave signal sequence collecting, and therefrom chooses radial artery and the brachial pulse ripple signal pair of some, and the data of every pair of pulse wave signal are delivered to arteries model computation module.
According to embodiments of the invention, arteries model computation module is used measured's brachial artery and radial artery pulse wave signal data and the arm pressure value of surveying, use method of least square, ask for measured's Artery Vein parameter: resistance of blood flow, blood flow inertia and vascular compliance.
According to embodiments of the invention, follow the Artery Vein parameter according to human body artery vascular pattern and measured, obtain personalized arteries network model, calculate corresponding ascending aorta-radial artery transfer function, and calculate wherein arteries and veins blood pressure waveform aroused in interest by measured's radial artery pulse wave, the arm blood pressure recording and transfer function.
According to embodiments of the invention, measure and analysis report module provides measured's center arteriotony waveform, arteries parameter, ascending aorta-radial artery transfer function for doctor and user, and analysis, show tools, center arteriotony and arteries parameter are analyzed and diagnosis case library and analysis of control instrument, examining report generates and printing tools, and data and report are uploaded and file instrument.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The system block diagram of Fig. 1, noinvasive center arteriotony measuring method and equipment
The system of Fig. 2, noinvasive center arteriotony measuring method and equipment forms and wearing mode schematic diagram
Fig. 3, human body arterial blood vessel infinitesimal
Fig. 4, form big-and-middle arteries by the cascade of arterial blood vessel infinitesimal
Fig. 5, the big-and-middle arteries of human body
equivalent-circuit model
The equivalent-circuit model of Fig. 6, the little arteriole blood vessel of human body
Fig. 7, human body artery blood vessel network
Fig. 8, human body artery blood vessel network equivalent circuit are (in figure
for in formula
)
Fig. 9, left radial artery blood vessel equivalent circuit
Figure 10, left figure use intrusive mood method, sphygomanometer is inserted to the radial artery blood corrugating that arteries records, in right figure, solid line is the center arteriotony waveform that intrusive mood method records, dotted line is the center arteriotony waveform of being derived by radial artery blood corrugating, has high similarity with measured waveform.
The center arteriotony that Figure 11, intrusive mood are measured and the dependency of the blood pressure of being derived by radial artery blood corrugating
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail, be to be noted that described embodiment is only intended to be convenient to the understanding of the present invention, and it is not played to any restriction effect.
As shown in the system block diagram of noinvasive as of the present invention in Fig. 1 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, its system formation and wearing mode schematic diagram are as Fig. 2.The present invention is a kind of embedded system hardware and software based on microsensor, and computable human body artery blood vessel network model basis based on mechanics of viscous fluids.Whole center arteriotony measurement device is made up of pulse wave collecting unit 100 and processing and analytic unit 200.Center arteriotony continuous measurement equipment 100 is made up of miniature signal processing and analyzing unit 101, pulse wave collecting unit 110 and electrocardiogram acquisition unit 120.The basis of center arteriotony measurement device is to calculate human body artery blood vessel network model 300.
Human body artery network model has multiple, and a class simplified model does not possess rigorous theoretical derivation, and theory analysis and the simulation of complicated physical phenomena during another kind of emphatically blood flows in blood vessel are rigorous but there is no in actual applications " can calculate " property.The existing rigorous mechanics of viscous fluids basis of computable human body artery blood vessel network model based on mechanics of viscous fluids of the present invention, has again computability.
Pulse wave collecting unit 100 is made up of radial artery, brachial pulse wave sensor 101,102 and pulse wave acquisition controller 110.For guaranteeing the stability of signals collecting, radial pulse wave sensor is fastened in wrist by an attachment device.Brachial artery sensor is by operator's manual measurement of pulse waveform.In measuring pulse wave signal, the also distance between taking a radial pulse wave sensor 101 and brachial pulse wave sensor 102.Pulse wave acquisition controller 110 is as on radial pulse wave sensor attachment device, and it comprises controller, preamplifier, power adjustment chip, bluetooth module or other wireless or wire transmission module.Pulse wave collecting unit 100 gathers pulse wave signal by radial pulse wave sensor 101 and brachial pulse wave sensor 102, after amplification and digitized, delivers to signal processing and analyzing unit 200.
Pulse wave sensor can be selected the pressure transducer of various materials, comprises deformation, varistor, polyvinylidene fluoride etc., also can adopt based on optics and electromagnetic sensor.Because the best measurement position scope of radial artery is less, the measurement error of bringing in order to reduce the minute movement of sensing station, also can adopt sensor array.
Processing and analytic unit 200 comprise that pulse waveform is processed and analysis 201, and tremulous pulse network model calculates 202, and measurement and 203 3 modules of analysis report.201 radial artery and the brachial pulse waveform signals that receive from pulse wave acquisition controller 110 are processed and analyzed to pulse waveform, and these waveshape signals are assessed, in order to avoid because sensor placement is improper or other reason causes distorted signals, affect measurement result.Choose array radial artery and brachial pulse ripple signal, process and analyze.Tremulous pulse network model calculating 202 to analysis result, is calculated measured's tremulous pulse network parameter according to pulse wave.And further calculate radial artery in cardio-arterial transfer function, and center arteriotony waveform.Measurement and analysis report 203, according to measured's tremulous pulse network parameter, transfer function and center arteriotony model, in conjunction with measured's age, sex and other index, provide comprehensive assessment, generate report.Print or relevant data and result uploaded to the server of appointment.
Human body artery blood vessel network model 300 is methodological basis of whole noinvasive center arteriotony measurement device.The present invention uses mechanics of viscous fluids theory, divide three steps to set up a rigorous computable human body artery blood vessel network model: the mechanics of viscous fluids governing equation group of first having derived perfect elasticity arteries infinitesimal, then, the fact according to human body artery length much smaller than pulse wave wavelength, obtain the main big-and-middle arteries of human body and little microvascular mechanics of viscous fluids governing equation group and equivalent circuit, finally set up computable Whole Body arteries network model.
Introduce in detail embodiments of the invention below:
one, the collection of pulse wave, processing and analysis
Synchronous acquisition radial artery of the present invention and brachial pulse waveform signal.What adopt is pressure transducer.Pressure transducer must directly be placed on tremulous pulse, the measurement effect that just can obtain.For the synchro measure result obtaining, first fix radial artery sensor 101, then place brachial artery sensor 102.These two pulse wave signals of pulse wave acquisition controller 110 synchronous acquisition, through amplifying and being converted to after digital signal, are sent to pulse wave and process and analyze 201.This module estimation pulse wave acquisition quality.In the time of fixed radial tremulous pulse sensor, if the pulse wave signal gathering meets expection, system will provide the information of satisfaction, so that operator's fixed radial tremulous pulse sensor.
When two sensors operate simultaneously, if two kinds of pulse wave signals that gather meet expection to sequence, pulse wave is processed and analyzed radial artery and the brachial pulse ripple pair of 201 storage somes, and provide the information of " signals collecting is satisfied to be finished ".Subsequently, pulse wave is processed and is analyzed 201 and proceeds to pulse wave signal analysis, from complete radial artery and the brachial pulse ripple signal pair of the signal of storage several to finding out sequence (being designated as n), by every pair of radial artery and brachial pulse waveform signal, be sent to tremulous pulse network model computation module 202.
With certain sample rate this two kinds of pulse waves of sampling, the number of samples of note one-period is m, and the data sample of these two pulse waves is sent to tremulous pulse network model computation module 202, calculates measured's Artery Vein parameter.Last result will be got the center-of-gravity value of the right data processed result of n pulse wave.
two, human body artery network model 300
The present invention proposes a kind of method by artery of upper extremity blood pressure waveform estimation human body center arteriotony waveform (Model-based Central Aortic Pressure, MCAP are called for short " modelling ") based on arteries network model.The method, from the mechanics of viscous fluids governing equation group of perfect elasticity blood vessel infinitesimal, is set up human body artery vascular pattern, and then obtains Whole Body arteries network model; By the analysis to different subjects's brachial arteryes and radial artery blood corrugating signal, estimate blood vessel network model parameter, obtain personalized arteries network model, and calculate ascending aorta-radial artery transfer function of corresponding subjects, finally calculate center arteriotony waveform by radial artery blood corrugating.Show with the contrast experiment of existing GTF and N-Point method, modelling precision and personalized aspect there is obvious advantage.
arterial vascular blood mechanics of viscous fluids basic parameterhave:
Vascular compliance, is called again blood vessel elasticity, refers to the buffer capacity of blood vessel wall.
Because the existence of Peripheral resistance and aorta and large artery trunks tube wall have larger compliance, when ventricular systole, aorta and large artery trunks elastic dilatation, the speed that aortic pressure raises and and amplitude cushioned and reached moderate level; When ventricular diastole, the aorta of being expanded and large artery trunks elastical retraction, the part potential energy that systole is stored discharges, and blood is continued to push to periphery, makes aortic pressure still can maintain higher level at diastole.
Vascular compliance is defined as volume change amount
with relevant pressure change amount
ratio, unit is:
:
Resistance of blood flow and Peripheral resistance, resistance of blood flow refers to the resistance that blood runs into while flowing in blood vessel.The resistance of blood flow of Arterial system mainly comes from the little arteriole blood vessel that vessel radius is relatively little.Conventionally, we are referred to as the resistance of blood flow in little arteriole blood vessel the Peripheral resistance of blood circulation.Peripheral resistance is generally used symbol
represent:
Wherein,
represent arterial vascular mean pressure,
represent cardiac output, unit is
.
Blood flow inertia, blood has certain mass, also just has certain inertia, in the time changing by the blood flow of blood vessel, the inertia of blood is always attempted the kinestate that keeps blood original, hinders the variation of blood flow, and we claim that this phenomenon is the inertia effect of blood.
Will
moment blood flow rate of change
poor with blood pressure
between contextual definition be:
Unit is
.
perfect elasticity blood vessel infinitesimal and governing equations of hydrodynamics thereof
Define a bit of elastic vessel
, as shown in Figure 3.
for length of vessel;
for blood vessel volume;
for
moment, blood vessel
place's cross-sectional area,
for radius;
when do not flow through blood vessel for blood,
the cross-sectional area at place,
for radius;
for
moment, blood vessel
the blood flow rate at place.
for
moment, blood vessel
the blood flow at place.
for
moment, blood vessel
the blood pressure at place.
If above-mentioned elastic vessel length is enough little,
, blood viscosity is definite value
, density of blood is definite value
, and along length of vessel side, vasotropic cross-sectional area is constant,
,
, and
, we are referred to as perfect elasticity blood vessel infinitesimal, are designated as
.
Blood is as the fluid with suitable viscosity, and its rule of following of being out of shape in blood vessel, flowing is stipulated by the large conservation law of physics three.Be mass conservation law, the law of conservation of momentum and law of conservation of energy.It is exactly hydrodynamics fundamental equation group that the mathematics of this three large law fluid motion is described.Through deriving, hydrodynamics equation of continuity and the equation of momentum that can obtain blood vessel are as follows:
Wherein,
for blood viscosity;
for density of blood;
for momentum correlation coefficient,
it is a coefficient long-pending relevant with blood vessel wall thickness, Young's modulus and vessel cross-sections.
Due to
Above-mentioned hydrodynamics equation of continuity can be written as the formula relevant with arterial vascular blood mechanics of viscous fluids basic parameter with the equation of momentum:
the big-and-middle arteries model of human body.
According to the size of arteries cross-sectional area, human body artery blood vessel is divided into big-and-middle arteries and little arteriole blood vessel.The big-and-middle arteries of human body can be divided into 55 sections, and every section big-and-middle arteries is approximate constant along vessels axis direction cross-sectional area.The longest arteries of human body is femoral artery, and length is about 0.44 meter, much smaller than 8 meters of pulse wave wavelength in arteries.For this reason, the big-and-middle arteries of human body is being discussed
when model, do following setting: length of vessel is
, the pulse wave wavelength that its length forms much smaller than blood flow; Vessel cross-sections is long-pending constant along length of vessel direction,
,
, and
.Blood viscosity is definite value
; Density of blood is definite value
; Blood vessel thickness is definite value
; Blood vessel Young's modulus is definite value
.
Make big-and-middle arteries
by the same perfect elasticity blood vessel infinitesimal of N section
,
...
cascade forms, as shown in Figure 4.
Remember big-and-middle arteries
length
, vascular compliance is
, blood flow inertia is
, resistance of blood flow is
, mean blood flow is
, two ends blood flow is:
,
, mean blood pressure is
, two ends blood pressure is
,
.
Because length of vessel
much smaller than pulse wave wavelength, so mean blood pressure and the mean blood flow approximately equal of the perfect elasticity blood vessel infinitesimal that N section is equal to.Can derive the to obtain big-and-middle arteries of human body that formed by cascade before and after N section elastic vessel infinitesimal
governing equations of hydrodynamics:
Above-mentioned governing equations of hydrodynamics can be used as the circuit model equivalence of Fig. 5.Wherein, the voltage in circuit is used
represent, its value equals the pressure value in blood vessel; Electric current in circuit is used
represent, its value equals the blood flow value in blood vessel.Resistance in circuit is used
represent, its value equals the suffered resistance of blood flow intravascular, with long-pending square being inversely proportional to of vessel cross-sections, is directly proportional to viscous drag, density of blood and length of vessel; Inductance in circuit is used
represent, its value equals blood flow inertia, is inversely proportional to vessel cross-sections is long-pending, is directly proportional to density of blood and length of vessel; Electric capacity in circuit is used
represent, its value equals vascular compliance, and evolution and the length of vessel long-pending to vessel cross-sections are directly proportional.
Fig. 5 institute representation model is one section of big-and-middle arteries of human body
model.The length of blood vessel is
, vessel cross-sections is amassed and is
, density of blood is
, blood viscosity is
, vascular compliance is
, resistance of blood flow is
, blood flow inertia is
.
the little arteriole vascular pattern of human body.
The little arteriole blood vessel of definition human body
as follows: length of vessel is
, and length of vessel is much smaller than the pulse wave wavelength of blood flow formation; Vessel cross-sections is long-pending constant along length of vessel direction,
,
, and
; Blood viscosity is definite value
; Density of blood is definite value
; Vascular compliance is
; Blood flow inertia is
; Resistance of blood flow is
; ; Along with the time
variation, in blood vessel, the flow of blood and pressure remain unchanged, i.e. blood flowing for Steady Flow in blood vessel; Mean blood flow is
; Blood vessel two ends blood flow is:
,
; Blood vessel mean blood pressure is
; Two ends blood pressure is
,
.
Equally, the little arteriole blood vessel of human body
can be by N section perfect elasticity blood vessel infinitesimal
,
...
cascade forms.
And then obtain little arteriole blood vessel
hydrodynamics governing equation:
Because blood is the steady motion of a fluid in little arteriole blood vessel, so above-mentioned equation group can further be simplified:
The equivalence of above formula available circuit model, obtains the little arteriole vascular pattern of human body, sees Fig. 6.
Wherein, the voltage in circuit is used
represent, its value equals the pressure value in vascular system; Electric current in circuit is used
represent, its value equals the blood flow value in vascular system.Resistance in circuit is used
represent its value
.
human body artery blood vessel network model.
Human body artery vasoganglion spreads all over whole body, and along blood flow direction, arteries, from ascending aorta, constantly prolongs the raw little arteriole to parts of body by bifurcated.With reference to Wang, J.J. and K.H. Parker, Wave propagation in a model of the arterial circulation. Journal of biomechanics, 2004. 37 (4): p. 457--470 and Stergiopulos, N., D.F. Young and T.R. Rogge, Computer simulation of arterial flow with applications to arterial and aortic stenoses. Journal of biomechanics, 1992. 25 (12): p. 1477-1488, with the arteries network of bifurcation structure composition whole body, see Fig. 7.The big-and-middle arteries network model of above-mentioned 55 big-and-middle arteries composition can be by big-and-middle arteries model as shown in Figure 5
,
...
network structure represent, as Fig. 8.Above-mentioned list of references provides 55 sections big-and-middle arteries physiological parameters.For reduced representation, in figure, we are by each the little Peripheral resistance for arteriole blood vessel network model being made up of the little arteriole vascular pattern of Fig. 6
represent.
three, the measurements and calculations of individual arteries network model parameter
Left radial artery vascular pattern in Fig. 8 is drawn as Fig. 9 separately.In figure
for the resistance of blood flow of radial artery;
for the blood flow inertia of radial artery;
for the vascular compliance of radial artery;
for the Peripheral resistance of the little arteriole blood vessel network of representative that is connected with radial artery;
for the blood pressure at radial artery top;
for the blood pressure of radial artery end;
for the blood flow of radial artery top inflow;
for the blood flow of radial artery end outflow.
Here, radial artery top is brachial artery and the radial artery place that is connected, its blood pressure waveform also survey for brachial pulse wave sensor 102 waveform; Radial artery end blood pressure waveform is the waveform that radial pulse sensor 101 is surveyed.Model parameter
,
,
,
method of estimation as follows.
1) Peripheral resistance of left radial artery vascular pattern institute cascade
2) left radial artery vascular pattern parameter
,
,
According to the tube model of radial artery blood shown in Fig. 7, we can obtain following mathematic(al) representation:
Wherein, parameter
,
,
can estimate to obtain by ordinary least square algorithm.Concrete grammar is as follows:
From Fig. 9 left radial artery vascular pattern;
, the blood flow of left radial artery end and blood pressure are linear, and blood flow curve can be released by the pressure transducer pulse wave that the radial artery of wrist measures leftward, and its data are processed and are analyzed 201 modules from pulse wave and obtain.The computing formula of left radial artery blood flow value:
Calibration by above formula result for radial artery blood flow quantity curve, obtains left radial artery blood flow
.
Because brachial artery end is connected with radial artery top, so the blood pressure curve at left radial artery top can be measured at left arm ancon brachial artery end by pulse wave sensor 102.Further, with the upper arm systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure that record, above-mentioned pressure curve is calibrated, obtained left radial artery blood pressure
.Further be defined as follows observing matrix:
And parameter matrix:
And have:
Wherein,
for observation error.
Existing
inferior observation, is also m sampling number certificate processing and analyze pulse wave in 201 one-periods that obtain from pulse wave, order
, be written as:
Wherein:
The thought of least-squares algorithm is found one exactly
estimated value
, make each time observation
with by
estimate
the quadratic sum minimum of difference.Obtain following formula.Order:
:
Known by above formula
least-squares estimation
for:
By estimated value
, obtain following equation group:
In solving an equation, obtain parameter
,
,
expression formula:
calculate the transfer function of individual ascending aorta to radial artery
Transfer function between the arbitrary node in the vascular pattern of human body artery shown in Fig. 8 is designated as:
(wherein
in 8 representation models of presentation graphs
the blood pressure of number node).Observe model, we can obtain following transfer function:
Wherein:
In formula
for the characteristic impedance of 3-13 blood vessel network model in the network model of arteries shown in Fig. 8.
for the characteristic impedance of 15-17 blood vessel network model in the network model of arteries shown in Fig. 8.
for in the network model of arteries shown in Fig. 8 18, the characteristic impedance of 26-55 blood vessel network model.After arrangement, obtain blood pressure with the top of ascending aorta model (
) be input, with the blood pressure of the end of radial artery model (
) be the transfer function of output
.
by radial artery blood corrugating computer center arteriotony waveform
By pressure transducer, we can record human body radial artery pulse wave near human body carpal joint.Meanwhile, we adopt mercury sphygmomanometer to record systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure of human upper limb blood pressure, and then calibrate radial artery pulse wave, obtain radial artery blood corrugating.Radial artery blood corrugating
with center arteriotony waveform
between relation can be in frequency domain transfer function
(
) represent.
Its relational expression is expressed as follows:
Center arteriotony estimation formulas is as follows:
In Figure 10, left figure uses intrusive mood method, sphygomanometer is inserted to the radial artery blood corrugating that arteries records, in right figure, solid line is the center arteriotony waveform that intrusive mood method records, dotted line is the center arteriotony waveform of being derived by radial artery blood corrugating, and it and measured waveform have high similarity.
Figure 11 is the dependency of intrusive mood the center arteriotony of measuring and the blood pressure of being derived by radial artery blood corrugating.These data show, the noinvasive center arteriotony measuring method in the present invention has reached current full accuracy completely.
Four, measurement and analysis report
The present invention not only measures and accurately calculates measured's center arteriotony waveform, and measures and calculate measured's arteries parameter, the i.e. resistance of blood flow of radial artery, blood flow inertia and vascular compliance.These parameters are all diagnosis and treatment cardiovascular diseases's key index and parameters.
Measure and analysis report 203 modules provide for doctor:
1, measured's center arteriotony waveform, arteries parameter, ascending aorta-radial artery transfer function;
2, the analytical tool of center arteriotony waveform analysis instrument, arteries parameter and transfer function; For example, further calculate echo flex point and augmentation index (AIX) by the center arteriotony waveform obtaining, as the diagnosis basis of hypertension;
3, center arteriotony and arteries parameter are analyzed and diagnosis case library, and analysis of control instrument;
4, examining report generates and printing tools;
5, data and report are uploaded and file instrument; Deng.
Claims (9)
1. noinvasive center arteriotony measuring method and an equipment, comprising:
Can be worn over the pulse wave signal collecting unit in wrist, comprise that sensor, controller and the wrist of measurement radial artery and brachial artery adhered to and clamp device, gather measured's moving arteries and veins, brachial pulse ripple signal, amplify and the measured signal of digitized;
Human body artery blood vessel network model, this can computation model from arterial vascular perfect elasticity infinitesimal, set up governing equations of hydrodynamics, big-and-middle arteries model and equivalent circuit, little arteriole vascular pattern and equivalent circuit, thereby obtain human body artery blood vessel network model, established methodological basis of the present invention;
Operate in the signal processing and analyzing unit on portable computing device, real-time synchronization control pulse wave signal collecting unit, realize synchronous acquisition and process radial artery and brachial pulse ripple signal, calculate measured's Artery Vein parameter by radial artery and brachial pulse ripple, center tremulous pulse is to the transfer function of radial artery, calculate center arteriotony wave mode by radial artery blood corrugating and transfer function, for doctor and user provide the analytical tool of arteries parameter and center arteriotony wave mode, generate examining report, printed report, or testing result and report are uploaded onto the server.
2. noinvasive according to claim 1 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, it is characterized in that: pulse wave signal collecting unit is a micro embedded hardware and software system, comprise the sensor of measuring radial artery and brachial pulse ripple, preamplifier, analog digital conversion and controller, wherein radial artery sensor is stablized and is contacted by an attachment device assurance sensor and radial artery appearance, while guaranteeing to measure brachial pulse ripple, the quality of radial pulse wave sensor output pulse wave signal, the pulse wave signal of surveying amplify and be converted to digital signal through preamplifier, be sent to signal processing and analyzing unit.
3. noinvasive according to claim 1 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, it is characterized in that: pulse wave sensor adopts pressure sensor, optical pickocff or electromagnetic transducer, the attachment device of oar pulse wave sensor adopts the structure of similar wrist-watch, brachial artery sensor embeds and is easy in manual probe, and pulse wave sensor adopts the single-sensor utmost point or sensor utmost point array.
4. noinvasive according to claim 1 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, it is characterized in that: set up computable human body artery blood vessel network model, comprise: derived the main big-and-middle arteries of mechanics of viscous fluids governing equation group, human body and little microvascular mechanics of viscous fluids governing equation group and the equivalent circuit of perfect elasticity arteries infinitesimal, set up computable Whole Body arteries network model.
5. noinvasive according to claim 1 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, it is characterized in that: signal processing and analyzing unit, it operates on portable computing device, be connected with pulse wave signal collecting unit in wired or wireless mode, the acquisition and processing of real-time synchronization control radial artery and brachial pulse ripple signal, and further comprise pulse wave signal processing and analysis module, tremulous pulse network model computation module and measurement and analysis report module.
6. the signal processing and analyzing unit in noinvasive according to claim 5 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, it is characterized in that: pulse wave signal is processed and analysis module receives radial artery and the brachial pulse waveform signal from pulse wave acquisition controller, and these waveshape signals are assessed, output assessment result, so that operator adjusts sensor placement location and mode, until collect qualified pulse wave signal;
Pulse wave signal is processed and analysis module is also further processed the pulse wave signal sequence collecting, and therefrom chooses radial artery and the brachial pulse ripple signal pair of some, and the data of every pair of pulse wave signal are delivered to arteries model computation module.
7. the signal processing and analyzing unit in noinvasive according to claim 5 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, it is characterized in that: arteries model computation module is used measured's brachial artery and radial artery pulse wave signal data and the arm pressure value of surveying, use method of least square, ask for measured's Artery Vein parameter: resistance of blood flow, blood flow inertia and vascular compliance.
8. the miniature signal processing and analyzing unit in noinvasive according to claim 5 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, it is characterized in that: follow the Artery Vein parameter according to human body artery vascular pattern and measured, obtain personalized arteries network model, calculate corresponding ascending aorta-radial artery transfer function, and calculate wherein arteries and veins blood pressure waveform aroused in interest by measured's radial artery pulse wave, the arm blood pressure recording and transfer function.
9. the miniature signal processing and analyzing unit in noinvasive according to claim 5 center arteriotony measuring method and equipment, it is characterized in that: measure and analysis report module provides measured's center arteriotony waveform, arteries parameter, ascending aorta-radial artery transfer function for doctor and user, and analysis, show tools, center arteriotony and arteries parameter are analyzed and diagnosis case library and analysis of control instrument, examining report generates and printing tools, and data and report are uploaded and file instrument.
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