CN103878372A - Method of manufacturing metal parts having geometric structures such as thin wall or thin groove - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing metal parts having geometric structures such as thin wall or thin groove Download PDFInfo
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- CN103878372A CN103878372A CN201310725870.0A CN201310725870A CN103878372A CN 103878372 A CN103878372 A CN 103878372A CN 201310725870 A CN201310725870 A CN 201310725870A CN 103878372 A CN103878372 A CN 103878372A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of manufacturing metal parts having geometric structures such as a thin wall or thin groove. A wax mould with a thin wall and a thin groove is manufactured by alternating injection and segment carving of two wax base materials different in property. When one wax base material is caved, the other wax base material functions in supporting. If the machined thin-walled structure is made of machinable wax, the wax mould with the thin wall can be obtained; if the thin-wall structure is made of water-soluble wax, the thin-grooved wax mould can be obtained. On the basis, the wax mould is injected with slurry of filling metal powder by means of gelcasting, and a metal part blank is manufactured. In addition, the blank is dried by a vacuum freeze-drying method; the problem that the blank easily cracks during the drying process is solved. Finally, the gel-cast blank is sintered by a microwave sintering technology, and the problem that the blank easily cracks and warps and deforms during the sintering process is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machining, relate in particular to the field of machining of thin-wall construction and stria structure.
Technical background
Thin-wall construction or the processing of stria structure are difficult points impassable in traditional machining.Increasing material is fabricated to solution problems and has opened up new technological approaches.Stanford University proposes molten drop deposition to combine with digital control processing, i.e. shape deposit manufacture (Shape Deposition Manufacturing, SDM) has produced silicon nitride, the stainless steel turbine rotor of complicated shape.
Gel casting forming (Gelcasting) technology is that the people such as U.S.'s Oak Ridge National Laboratory nineties in 20th century (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) O.Omatete propose, it is to add organic monomer in the suspension of powder particle material, as acrylamide, thereby then adding a certain amount of initator to impel organic monomer generation cross-linking reaction to reach a kind of forming technique of in-situ solidifying.Gel injection-moulding has been successfully applied to the moulding of multiple ceramic material, as aluminium oxide, zirconia, carborundum, silicon nitride and composite thereof etc.In recent years, the application of gel injection-moulding is expanded to metal powder material by some scholars both at home and abroad.
In order to be beneficial to the minutias such as cast thin-wall part, stria, gel-casting slurry will have good rheological characteristic, and the apparent viscosity of slurry is the smaller the better.For metal dust, its viscosity number can not be higher than 1Pas.Metal paste requires low viscosity, high solid loading, and this is conflict.Therefore under the prerequisite that guarantees good fluidity, improve the content of powder particle as far as possible, particularly important for cast thin-wall part.In addition, gel injection-moulding idiosome contains a certain amount of water, and along with the removal of moisture in idiosome dry run, idiosome produces and shrinks, and causes the defects such as idiosome distortion, cracking if shrink inhomogeneous meeting.Traditional drying means, is all that idiosome is put into vacuum drying chamber, removes moisture by mode of heating.Have thermograde because idiosome is inside and outside, outside moisture evaporation rate is far longer than inside, causes idiosome to shrink inhomogeneous, produces internal stress, affects idiosome intensity, can affect follow-up sintering quality simultaneously, causes sintering cracking.
Summary of the invention
The main technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of manufacture method of metalwork is provided, and realizes the quick manufacture of the metalwork part to having the geometric detail such as thin-walled, stria feature.The less important technical problem that the present invention will solve is that solution metalwork exists the problem of sintering buckling deformation in conventional sintering process.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides. a kind of manufacture has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, use the method that wax-based material is alternately injected and segmentation engraving is combined with gel injection-moulding, mainly comprise that two kinds of wax-based material are alternately injected and segmentation engraving is made wax-pattern, gel casting forming, sintering;
Described two kinds of wax-based material alternately injection adopt injection to increase the method for material, and wax material is penetrated with semi-molten state in banking process; Described two kinds of wax-based material are respectively can machined wax and water-soluble wax;
Described wax-based material is alternately injected and segmentation engraving concrete steps are: use A wax as support, Carving Machining supports die cavity, use B wax addition type cavity material, engraving support die cavity also obtains and uses the thin-walled of A wax to support, and use B wax is to the support die cavity addition type cavity material after carving;
When described A wax is water-soluble wax, by water logging processing, obtain the wax-pattern of stria structure; When described B wax is water-soluble wax, by water logging processing, obtain the wax-pattern of thin-wall construction.
As preferably, described sintering adopts microwave sintering.
As preferably, described gel casting forming mainly comprises that slurry preparation, idiosome are dry, the hot melt demoulding.
As preferably, time prepared by described slurry, improve the solid concentration of slurry with binding agent, dispersant and two kinds of different metal dust mixing match of thickness.
As preferably, the dry vacuum freeze drying that adopts of described idiosome.
As preferably, described binding agent is gelatin.
As preferably, described dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, Triammonium citrate, ammonium lauryl sulfate.
As preferably, the different metal dust of described two kinds of thicknesses is the water atomization 316L powder of stainless steel that meso-position radius is respectively 11.80 μ m and 24.32 μ m.
As preferably, the mixed proportion that described meso-position radius is respectively the water atomization 316L powder of stainless steel of 1.80 μ m and 24.32 μ m is 4:6.
As preferably, described vacuum freeze drying detailed process is: by idiosome and wax-pattern freezing 4h under the condition of-50 ℃ of cast, idiosome fully charge is become to solid-state; Then be placed on the shelf of freeze drier and carry out lyophilization, vacuumize simultaneously, keeping vacuum is 10Pa left and right, condenser temperature-50 ℃, duration 8h; After idiosome is dry, adopt hot melt to remove wax-pattern: dried idiosome is put into vacuum drying chamber together with wax-pattern, be heated to 150 ℃ and keep 30 minutes, wax-pattern can melt completely, finally obtains complete part idiosome.
As preferably, the employing microwave frequency of described microwave sintering is 2.45GHz microwave high-vacuum stove.
As preferably, the turntable of described microwave high-vacuum stove is provided with high temperature bucket, in described high temperature bucket, is provided with mullite crucible.
As preferably, between described high temperature bucket and mullite crucible, be filled with zirconia, carborundum and heat-preservation cotton.
The invention provides a kind of method that manufacture has the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, in process, alternately inject and segmentation engraving by using two kinds of wax-based material, make two kinds of mutual backings of wax-based material, thereby the wax-pattern of realizing having the geometric detail such as thin-walled, stria feature is made.Increasing the method for material by injection, is that wax material penetrates with semi-molten state in banking process, has avoided wax material to damage the hot melt in type solid-state an actor's rendering of an operatic tune surface.By a kind of wax material is wherein used to water miscible wax material, can remove by water logging, convenient, separate with cavity material cleanly.Use two kinds of different metal dust proportionings of thickness to mix, guaranteeing that slurry has under the prerequisite of good rheological performance, has effectively improved the solid Density of slurry.The method that adopts vacuum freeze drying, idiosome shrinkage factor is low, mechanical property is high, and idiosome Forming Quality is good, can keep well idiosome shape, efficiently solves the defect of idiosome fracture, distortion in traditional drying.Use the mode of microwave sintering, can under lower sintering temperature and shorter temperature retention time, obtain higher density and good mechanical property, and solve well the problem that has sintering buckling deformation in complex structural member sintering process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention uses the block diagram that two kinds of wax-based material are alternately injected and segmentation engraving is made wax-pattern, wherein:
(a) use water-soluble wax as support; (b) process support die cavity; (c) addition type cavity material; (d) alternately process an actor's rendering of an operatic tune; (e) processing thin-walled support; (f) thin-walled supports and forms; (g) addition type cavity material; (h) remove water-soluble wax.
Fig. 2 uses the idiosome comparison diagram that uses vacuum freeze drying to obtain in the idiosome that obtains of traditional drying and the embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
(a) being traditional drying, is (b) vacuum freeze drying.
Fig. 3 is that the present embodiment uses high vacuum micro-wave oven furnace chamber schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 uses the metalwork comparison diagram that uses microwave sintering to obtain in the metalwork that obtains of conventional sintering and the embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
(a) being conventional sintering, is (b) microwave sintering.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
1, alternately injection and segmentation engraving making wax-pattern of two kinds of wax-based material.
With reference to figure 1, the process combining with removal processing by material stacking, by selecting bi-material effect of backing mutually in machining process, realizes the quick manufacture of the part to having the geometric detail such as thin-walled, stria feature.
Inject the method that increases material by employing, make the banking process of wax material be in semi-molten state ejaculation, can avoid the melting temperature of solid state wax, guaranteed that molded mold cavity surface is not melted damage by heat; By to doing suitable modification by machined wax material, guarantee its machinable energy; With can machined wax the material of pairing be water-soluble wax, can remove by water logging, convenient, separate with cavity material cleanly.
Described wax-based material is alternately injected and segmentation engraving concrete steps are: use water-soluble wax as support, use water-soluble wax process support die cavity, use can machined wax addition type cavity material, engraving supports die cavity and obtains and uses the thin-walled of water-soluble wax to support, use can machined wax to the support die cavity addition type cavity material after engraving.
Can obtain the geometric detail feature such as thin-walled bead structures or stria structure by replacing backing processing.The thin-walled that backing material processes as relied on is can machined wax, can obtain the wax-pattern of thin-wall construction after water logging; As the thin-walled processing is can water-soluble wax, after water logging, can obtain the wax-pattern of stria structure.Being no matter that processing can machined wax or water-soluble wax, is all to carry out under the backing of another kind of wax.
2, gel casting forming.
(1) slurry preparation
Adopt natural, nontoxic gel rubber system.Using gelatin as binding agent, select polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, Triammonium citrate, ammonium lauryl sulfate as dispersant, by NaOH and HCL solution adjusting pH value.Adopt meso-position radius to be respectively the different water atomization 316L powder of stainless steel of two kinds of thicknesses of 11.80 μ m and 24.32 μ m, compare grating with different quality.
In the present embodiment, when the mixed proportion that is respectively the water atomization 316L powder of stainless steel of 1.80 μ m and 24.32 μ m when meso-position radius is 4:6, slurry viscosity minimum has very high solid concentration simultaneously, the intensity maximum of idiosome, and shrinkage factor is also minimum.
By the 316L stainless steel slurry of the low viscosity preparing, high solid loading, be poured in wax-pattern.
(2) idiosome is dry
The idiosome of cast is put into freeze drier together with wax-pattern and carry out freeze drying.Concrete drying process is: first freezing 4h under the condition of-50 ℃, becomes solid-state by idiosome fully charge.Then be placed on the shelf of freeze drier and carry out lyophilization, vacuumize simultaneously, keeping vacuum is 10Pa left and right, condenser temperature-50 ℃, and this one-phase duration is 8h.
After idiosome is dry, adopt hot melt to remove wax-pattern.Dried idiosome is put into vacuum drying chamber together with wax-pattern, be heated to 150 ℃ and keep 30 minutes, wax-pattern can melt completely, finally obtains complete part idiosome.
With reference to figure 2, hygrometric state idiosome is after vacuum freeze drying, and drying shrinkage reduces greatly.Adopt traditional box drying means, idiosome drying shrinkage reaches 3.5%, Fig. 2 uses the idiosome comparison diagram that uses vacuum freeze drying to obtain in the idiosome that obtains of traditional drying and the embodiment of the present invention, a figure in Fig. 2 is that blank cracking appears in traditional drying, for vacuum freeze drying, and the shrinkage factor of idiosome is only 0.44% after vacuum freeze drying, can be good at keeping green structure and form, as shown in Fig. 2 (b).In vacuum freeze drying process, the moisture in idiosome, directly by solid state sublimation, has been eliminated the common dry middle solid, liquid surface tension existing, thereby efficiently solves the defect of idiosome fracture, distortion in traditional drying.
3, microwave sintering
Adopt HAMiLab-HV3 type microwave high-vacuum experimental furnace, microwave frequency is 2.45GHz.As shown in Figure 3, adopt infrared radiation thermometer to carry out thermometric, work stage slow circumvolve when work, microwave field distribution with guarantee effect on idiosome is even, adopt circular heat-preserving container to be placed on turntable, idiosome is placed in special mullite crucible, is filled with zirconia, carborundum and heat-preservation cotton between high temperature bucket and crucible, plays auxiliary heating and insulation effect.Because the absorbing property of ceramic material is good, in the sintering incipient stage, contribute to rapid intensification.Meanwhile, in the final stage of sintering, powder particle is bound up, and metal base is densified gradually, and microwave reflection change is large, absorbs microwave ability and declines, and is converted into heat energy and tails off, and this one-phase is mainly to heat by the insulation effect of auxiliary heating material.A figure in Fig. 4 is the situation that warpage appears in conventional sintering test specimen.
Use the mode of microwave sintering, can under lower sintering temperature and shorter temperature retention time, obtain higher density and good mechanical property, and solve well the problem that has sintering buckling deformation in complex structural member sintering process.As in Figure 4 (b).
In sum, the invention provides a kind of method that manufacture has the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria and possess following advantage:
(1) by wax-based material, alternately injection and segmentation engraving are combined with gel injection-moulding, can realize well for the part manufacture with the geometric detail such as thin-walled, stria feature, there is obvious advantage for the integrated quick manufacture of the complicated metalwork with thering is geometric detail architectural feature.
(2) take 316L powder of stainless steel as raw material, adopt natural free of contamination gel rubber system, take the relative metal dust mass fraction of 1%() gelatin is as binding agent, 0.8% sodium alginate is as dispersant, select two kinds of different powder of stainless steel of thickness can guarantee to have under higher solid concentration by rational grain composition, slurry possesses the mechanical property of good rheological property and moulding idiosome.
(3) vacuum freeze drying is compared with traditional drying method, and idiosome shrinkage factor is low, mechanical property is high, and idiosome Forming Quality is good, can keep well idiosome shape, has effectively solved the defect such as idiosome fracture, distortion in traditional drying.
(4) microwave sintering and conventional sintering mode are contrasted, can under lower sintering temperature and shorter temperature retention time condition, obtain higher density and good mechanical property, and solve well the problems such as the sintering buckling deformation that exists in complex structural member sintering process.
Above embodiment is only used for the explanation principle of the invention, the not only embodiment of the present invention.Above-described embodiment should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.Those skilled in the art, in reading and having understood aforementioned detailed description, can modify and change.Concrete protection domain should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (13)
1. a manufacture has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, use the method that wax-based material is alternately injected and segmentation engraving is combined with gel injection-moulding, mainly comprise that two kinds of wax-based material are alternately injected and segmentation engraving is made wax-pattern, gel casting forming, sintering;
Described two kinds of wax-based material alternately injection adopt injection to increase the method for material, and wax material is penetrated with semi-molten state in banking process; Described two kinds of wax-based material are respectively can machined wax and water-soluble wax;
Described wax-based material is alternately injected and segmentation engraving concrete steps are: use A wax as support, Carving Machining supports die cavity, use B wax addition type cavity material, engraving support die cavity also obtains and uses the thin-walled of A wax to support, and use B wax is to the support die cavity addition type cavity material after carving;
Described A wax is water-soluble wax, and B wax is can machined wax time, by water logging processing, has obtained the wax-pattern of stria structure; Described A wax is can machined wax, when B wax is water-soluble wax, by water logging processing, has obtained the wax-pattern of thin-wall construction.
2. a kind of manufacture according to claim 1 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, described sintering adopts microwave sintering.
3. a kind of manufacture according to claim 1 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, described gel casting forming mainly comprises that slurry preparation, idiosome are dried, the hot melt demoulding.
4. a kind of manufacture according to claim 3 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, time prepared by described slurry, improve the solid concentration of slurry with binding agent, dispersant and two kinds of different metal dust mixing match of thickness.
5. a kind of manufacture according to claim 3 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that the dry vacuum freeze drying that adopts of described idiosome.
6. a kind of manufacture according to claim 4 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, described binding agent is gelatin.
7. a kind of manufacture according to claim 4 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, described dispersant is polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, Triammonium citrate, ammonium lauryl sulfate.
8. a kind of manufacture according to claim 4 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, the different metal dust of described two kinds of thicknesses is the water atomization 316L powder of stainless steel that meso-position radius is respectively 11.80 μ m and 24.32 μ m.
9. a kind of manufacture according to claim 8 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, the mixed proportion that described meso-position radius is respectively the water atomization 316L powder of stainless steel of 1.80 μ m and 24.32 μ m is 4:6.
10. a kind of manufacture according to claim 5 has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, described vacuum freeze drying detailed process is: by idiosome and wax-pattern freezing 4h under the condition of-50 ℃ of cast, idiosome fully charge is become to solid-state; Then be placed on the shelf of freeze drier and carry out lyophilization, vacuumize simultaneously, keeping vacuum is 10Pa left and right, condenser temperature-50 ℃, duration 8h; After idiosome is dry, adopt hot melt to remove wax-pattern: dried idiosome is put into vacuum drying chamber together with wax-pattern, be heated to 150 ℃ and keep 30 minutes, wax-pattern can melt completely, finally obtains complete part idiosome.
11. a kind of manufactures according to claim 2 have the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, the employing microwave frequency of described microwave sintering is 2.45GHz microwave high-vacuum stove.
12. a kind of manufactures according to claim 11 have the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, the turntable of described microwave high-vacuum stove is provided with high temperature bucket, in described high temperature bucket, are provided with mullite crucible.
13. a kind of manufactures according to claim 12 have the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria, it is characterized in that, between described high temperature bucket and mullite crucible, are filled with zirconia, carborundum and heat-preservation cotton.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310725870.0A CN103878372B (en) | 2013-12-25 | 2013-12-25 | A kind of manufacture has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria |
| PCT/CN2014/094578 WO2015096685A1 (en) | 2013-12-25 | 2014-12-23 | Method for manufacturing metal member having geometric structure such as thin wall or thin groove |
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| CN201310725870.0A CN103878372B (en) | 2013-12-25 | 2013-12-25 | A kind of manufacture has the method for the metalwork of the geometry such as thin-walled or stria |
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| CN103878372A true CN103878372A (en) | 2014-06-25 |
| CN103878372B CN103878372B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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| WO2015096685A1 (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-02 | 华侨大学 | Method for manufacturing metal member having geometric structure such as thin wall or thin groove |
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| CN111136275A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-12 | 江苏精研科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing large-area thin-wall part by injection molding |
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| 王霏等: "利用分段注射雕刻快速成形工艺制作复杂形状不锈钢零件", 《第五届全国快速成形与制造学术会议论文集》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015096685A1 (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-02 | 华侨大学 | Method for manufacturing metal member having geometric structure such as thin wall or thin groove |
| CN105750551A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-13 | 惠州威博精密科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing pulley sheets of headphones |
| CN110434277A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-12 | 武汉工控艺术制造有限公司 | Improve ceramic mould precision investment surface smoothness, the method for precision and service life |
| CN111136275A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-12 | 江苏精研科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing large-area thin-wall part by injection molding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103878372B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| WO2015096685A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
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