CN103873397A - Novel estimation method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing receiving channel combining time domain and frequency domain - Google Patents
Novel estimation method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing receiving channel combining time domain and frequency domain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel estimation method for an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing receiving channel combining a time domain and a frequency domain. The method comprises the following steps that (1) frame structural design is carried out on a sending end, wherein leader characters for channel estimation and pilot frequency insertion are set at the sending end; (2) time domain channel estimation balancing is carried out at a receiving end, wherein the time domain channel estimation balancing is carried out by using the leader characters; (3) frequency domain channel estimation balancing is carried out, and residual frequency offset is corrected, wherein the frequency domain channel estimation balancing is carried out by using pilot frequency information. Through the method, sent information amount is improved, influences of noise can be restricted better, and performance of a system is improved; when the frequency domain channel estimation balancing is carried out by using pilot frequencies, division channel balancing is achieved by using multiplication channel balancing, resources are saved, and calculating time is reduced when hardware is achieved; the channel estimation balancing can be achieved correctly under a low SNR and multiple channels, and the novel estimation method for the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing receiving channel combining the time domain and the frequency domain has strong application adaptability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of channel estimation methods, especially a kind of new associating time domain and frequency domain OFDM receive channel method of estimation, belong to wireless communication technology field.
Background technology
OFDM, English former title Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, be abbreviated as OFDM, be actually the one of MCM Multi-CarrierModulation multi-carrier modulation, cardinal principle is that channel is divided into some orthogonal sub-channels, convert high-speed data signal to parallel low speed sub data flow, be modulated on every sub-channels and transmit.Orthogonal signalling can, by adopting correlation technique to separate at receiving terminal, can reduce the phase mutual interference ICI between subchannel like this.Signal bandwidth on every sub-channels is less than the correlation bandwidth of channel, therefore the flatness of can regarding as on every sub-channels declines, thereby can eliminate intersymbol interference, and because the bandwidth of every sub-channels is only the sub-fraction of former channel width, it is relatively easy that channel equalization becomes.Because orthogonal frequency division multiplex OFDM technology has higher band efficiency and good anti-frequency selective fading characteristic, be widely used in system of broadband wireless communication, in the Voice & Video field and commercial signal communication system of broadcast type, main application comprises: asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL), the digital audio broadcasting (DAB) of etsi standard, digital video broadcasting (DVB), high definition TV (HDTV), wireless lan (wlan) etc., but the wireless channel presentative time frequency double selectivity fading characteristic of wide-band mobile communication, the long symbol time of OFDM makes it more responsive to the time selective fading of channel.Along with the raising of wireless communication system carrier frequency and the enhancing of terminal mobility, the time change of channel aggravates, and the impact of ICI will, much larger than noise power, be the keys that ensure ofdm system reliable communication so obtain channel time-varying characteristics accurately at receiving terminal.
For OFDM system, according to the training information difference sending, can be divided into and utilize training sequence carry out channel estimating and utilize pilot assisted modulation to carry out two kinds of channel estimating, utilize the mode of training sequence known training sequence to be positioned over to stem or the middle part of every frame transmission data sequence, periodically send, carry out equilibrium at the channel response of receiving terminal data sequence by training sequence being estimated to the characteristic of channel obtaining.But the method is insensitive to frequency selective fading, be mainly used in slow fading channel environment, and utilizing mode cycle in the data sequence sending that pilot tone is estimated to insert frequency pilot sign, the channel response of the non-pilot sub-carrier of receiving terminal only has according to the characteristic of channel on pilot sub-carrier is carried out to two-dimensional interpolation acquisition.This mode is more responsive to frequency selective fading, and in order accurately to estimate fast fading channel, too much pilot tone point can reduce the amount of information sending.Therefore, a kind of new technical scheme of exigence solves above-mentioned technical problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is just for the technical problem existing in prior art, a kind of OFDM receiver channel estimation balancing method that is applicable to broadband wireless channel is provided, the method can utilize leading PN training sequence and less pilot tone point to make LS channel estimating, on time domain and frequency domain, complete respectively channel estimating and equilibrium, make up pilot number very few, cannot effectively obtain the feature of complete channel information, can suppress preferably the impact of noise, improve the performance of system.Can compared with low signal-to-noise ratio SNR and Gaussian channel, ' itur3GVAx ', ' hiperlan2D ' lower all can be correct complete channel estimation balancing, there is stronger application adaptability.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows, a kind of new associating time domain and frequency domain OFDM receive channel method of estimation, said method comprising the steps of, 1) transmitting terminal frame structure design, described frame structure design step is provided for targeting sequencing and the pilots insertion of channel estimating at transmitting terminal, 2) receiving terminal carries out time domain channel estimation balancing, described time domain channel estimation balancing step utilizes targeting sequencing to carry out channel estimation balancing, 3) carry out channel estimation in frequency domain equilibrium and correct residual frequency departure, described channel estimation in frequency domain equalization step utilizes pilot frequency information to carry out channel estimation balancing.
As a modification of the present invention, the concrete grammar in described step 1 is as follows, 11) the every frame of transmitting terminal is all placed on stem targeting sequencing, and targeting sequencing is that the L point sequence of one 0 composition of rear benefit, can be expressed as m=[P by (L-1) some PN sequence
1p
2p
l-1p
l]
t, replace Cyclic Prefix OFDM(CP-OFDM) L dot cycle prefix above in Frame is the N point data symbol modulating after targeting sequencing, wherein in the uniform data inserting symbol of pilot frequency information.
As a modification of the present invention, the concrete grammar in described step 2 is as follows, and 21) at receiving terminal, utilize the targeting sequencing of every frame, based on LS estimation principle, the channel estimation value obtaining is expressed as
,
for time domain channel estimated state, wherein M is
two dimension sends block matrix, and r is that watch window receives signal
two-dimensional sequence matrix; 22) time domain channel estimated value is transformed into frequency domain and compensates, will
mend below
point 0,
, preparing to carry out DFT computing is discrete Fourier transform computing, obtains channel estimation in frequency domain value and be after DFT
, after leading training sequence frequency domain channel equalization, export frequency domain data and be
,
for frequency domain receives data symbol.
As a modification of the present invention, the concrete grammar in described step 3 is as follows, 31) utilize step 22) the reception frequency domain output data that obtain
, extract in advance insert pilot data
, estimate the channel impulse response inverse at pilot tone place with LS channel estimation methods
,
for the known pilot frequency information of transmitting terminal,
the pilot frequency information extracting for receiving terminal; 32) adopt Frequency domain interpolation filtering method, the i.e. inverse of the frequency domain channel impulse response of position, data subcarrier place in frequency domain direction estimates data symbol with interpolation algorithm
; 33) to step 22) frequency domain data that obtains
do frequency domain equalization, realize the original transmission sequence of division channel equalization by multiplication channel equalization and can be expressed as:
.
As a modification of the present invention, described step 21) in send block matrix M and be expressed as
, reception signal indication r is
.
As a modification of the present invention, described step 32) interpolation on frequency domain direction, adopt Lagrangian interpolation algorithm, Lagrange's interpolation formula is:
Wherein,
being the input signal of interpolater, is corresponding to sampling instant
sampled value,
the output of interpolater, corresponding to sampling instant
signal value, according to the M of continuous input known signal sampled value, correspond respectively to
in the moment, calculate any time
signal value; M participates in the sampled point number that interpolation is calculated, and is commonly referred to Lagrangian interpolation exponent number, for the channel estimating of OFDM, suppose that frequency pilot sign for the also spacing distance that is spacedly distributed is
, above-mentioned Lagrange's interpolation formula can be expressed as:
Wherein,
,
by
the set of all pilot sub-carrier compositions on individual OFDM symbol;
it is the inverse of the channel response value in pilot frequency locations;
represent to get to be not more than
integer.
As a modification of the present invention, in described Lagrangian interpolation algorithm, for Lagrangian interpolation algorithm corresponding to different " M ", described Lagrangian interpolation algorithm has first-order linear interpolation or second order parabola interpolation (Parabolic) or three rank Cubic interpolations.In theory, by increasing the polynomial exponent number of interpolation algorithm, can improve the accuracy of Interpolate estimation, will strengthen but shortcoming is algorithm complex.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
Utilize leading training sequence to obtain time domain channel estimated value; Utilize Comb Pilot in data symbol to estimate the channel estimation in frequency domain value of pilot frequency locations, according to the channel estimation value of pilot frequency locations, adopt interpolation algorithm to obtain the channel estimation value at whole data subcarrier place, complete channel estimating in time domain and frequency domain respectively, while adopting targeting sequencing to do time domain LS channel estimating, in advance will
calculate and store, in the time realizing, just reduced the utilization of resources and computing time, reduce the computation complexity of time domain LS algorithm for estimating; Make up pilot number very few simultaneously, cannot effectively obtain the feature of complete channel information, improved transmission amount of information, can suppress preferably the impact of noise, improved the performance of system; While utilizing pilot tone to carry out frequency domain estimation balancing, realize division channel equalization by multiplication channel equalization, in the time that hardware is realized, economized on resources, reduced computing time; Under compared with low signal-to-noise ratio SNR and multiple channel lower all can be correct complete channel estimation balancing, there is stronger application adaptability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is frame assumption diagram;
Fig. 2 pilots insertion pattern;
Fig. 3 is channel estimating flow chart.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention and understanding, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is made further instructions and introduced.
embodiment 1:
New associating time domain and a frequency domain OFDM receive channel method of estimation, comprise that transmitting terminal frame structure design, receiving terminal utilize leading training sequence to carry out time domain channel estimation balancing and utilize Comb Pilot carry out channel estimation in frequency domain equilibrium and correct three functional steps of residual frequency departure.
1) design of frame structure:
Each transmission frame structure is as Fig. 1,
point data symbol is that originating data carries out after chnnel coding, subcarrier mapping, modulation and channel interleaving obtaining again, periodically inserts before each transmission data symbol according to 802.11p standard
point targeting sequencing m=[1 11 1-1-1-1 1-1-1 1 1-1 1-1 0], estimate for time domain channel, send the-21,7,7,21 of data symbol at 64 and on totally 4 subcarriers, insert pilot frequency information, for channel estimation in frequency domain and correcting residual frequency deviation;-31 ,-5 ~ 5 subcarrier is direct current and protection subcarrier.
2) utilize leading training sequence to carry out time domain channel estimation balancing:
Utilize the autocorrelation performance of PN sequence, based on LS estimator principle, adopt time-domain channel estimating method to obtain time domain channel estimated value;
At receiving terminal, the every frame OFDM symbol receiving comprises targeting sequencing
and data sequence
, receiving sequence is expressed as
.Based on LS algorithm principle, M is by targeting sequencing m=[P
1p
2p
l-1p
l]
tthe sending metrix piece of cyclic shift composition, is expressed as
, h is channel impulse response, w is white Gaussian noise, in order to reduce the utilization of resources and computing time, can be in advance by
calculate and store, can reduce the computation complexity of time domain LS algorithm for estimating.The reception signal indication of watch window is
.Time domain channel estimated value can be expressed as
.
Channel time domain value is transformed into frequency domain and carries out frequency domain equalization, will
mend 0 below,
carry out DFT computing to facilitate, after DFT, obtain frequency domain after channel estimating be
, after leading training sequence frequency domain equalization, frequency domain output data are
.
3) utilize Comb Pilot carry out channel estimation in frequency domain equilibrium and correct residual frequency departure, from frequency domain output data obtained above
in extract in advance insert pilot data
, estimate the channel impulse response inverse at pilot tone place with LS channel estimation methods
, the division multiplication that in frequency domain equalization so below, we can adopt equilibrium substitutes.
Interpolation on frequency domain direction, adopts Lagrangian interpolation algorithm, and Lagrangian interpolation (Lagrange) is the interpolation algorithm of commonly using the most, and Lagrange's interpolation formula is:
Wherein,
being the input signal of interpolater, is corresponding to sampling instant
sampled value,
the output of interpolater, corresponding to sampling instant
signal value, (correspond respectively to according to M known signal sampled value of continuously input like this
moment), just can calculate any time
signal value; M is the sampled point number that participates in an interpolation calculating, is commonly referred to Lagrangian interpolation exponent number.
Suppose frequency pilot sign for be spacedly distributed and spacing distance be
, the above-mentioned channel estimating Lagrange's interpolation formula for OFDM can be expressed as:
Wherein,
,
by
the set of all pilot sub-carrier compositions on individual OFDM symbol.
it is the inverse of the channel response value in pilot frequency locations.
represent to get to be not more than
integer.For different M, it is different Lagrangian interpolation algorithms.Conventional Lagrangian interpolation algorithm has first-order linear interpolation, second order parabola interpolation (Parabolic) and three rank Cubic interpolations.In theory, by increasing the polynomial exponent number of interpolation algorithm, can improve the accuracy of Interpolate estimation, will strengthen but shortcoming is algorithm complex.
Native system adopts first-order linear interpolation estimation formulas,
: above formula can be converted into:
If wherein pilot tone spacing is 13, can obtains single order interpolation coefficient and be:
Wherein
for the inverse of required channel estimation value,
the inverse of last pilot channel response value,
the inverse of a rear pilot channel response value.Utilize interpolating method to obtain the domain channel response inverse of position, all data subcarriers place
,
To the frequency domain data of output
do the original transmission sequence of frequency domain equalization estimator output
can be expressed as:
Formula has realized division channel equalization by multiplication channel equalization above, when writing code on as DSP and realizing, can save system resource and running time at hardware chip.
embodiment 2:as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described channel estimation balancing, can select hardware chip, as field programmable gate array (FPGA), digital signal processing chip (DSP) are realized.
embodiment 3:as another preferred version of the present invention, described channel estimation balancing, can realize by computer based software.
The present invention can also be combined to form new technical scheme by technical scheme described in embodiment 2,3 and embodiment.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention; being equal to replacement or substituting of having done on the basis of the above all belongs to protection scope of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
Claims (7)
1. a new associating time domain and frequency domain OFDM receive channel method of estimation, said method comprising the steps of, 1) transmitting terminal frame structure design, described frame structure design step is provided for targeting sequencing and the pilots insertion of channel estimating at transmitting terminal, 2) receiving terminal carries out time domain channel estimation balancing, described time domain channel estimation balancing step utilizes targeting sequencing to carry out channel estimation balancing, 3) carry out channel estimation in frequency domain equilibrium and correct residual frequency departure, described channel estimation in frequency domain equalization step utilizes pilot frequency information to carry out channel estimation balancing.
2. a kind of new associating time domain according to claim 1 and frequency domain OFDM receive channel method of estimation, it is characterized in that, concrete grammar in described step 1 is as follows, 11) the every frame of transmitting terminal is all placed on stem targeting sequencing, targeting sequencing is to put PN sequence with (L-1), the L point sequence of one 0 composition of rear benefit, can be expressed as m=[P
1p
2p
l-1p
l]
t, replace Cyclic Prefix OFDM(CP-OFDM) L dot cycle prefix above in Frame is the N point data symbol modulating after targeting sequencing, wherein in the uniform data inserting symbol of pilot frequency information.
3. a kind of new associating time domain according to claim 1 and frequency domain OFDM receive channel method of estimation, is characterized in that, the concrete grammar in described step 2 is as follows, 21) at receiving terminal, utilize the targeting sequencing of every frame, based on LS estimation principle, the channel estimation value obtaining is expressed as
,
for time domain channel estimated state, wherein M is
two dimension sends block matrix, and r is that watch window receives signal
two-dimensional sequence matrix; 22) time domain channel estimated value is transformed into frequency domain and compensates, will
mend below
point 0,
, preparing to carry out DFT computing is discrete Fourier transform computing, obtains channel estimation in frequency domain value and be after DFT
, after leading training sequence frequency domain channel equalization, export frequency domain data and be
,
for frequency domain receives data symbol.
4. according to a kind of new associating time domain described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and frequency domain OFDM receive channel method of estimation, it is characterized in that, the concrete grammar in described step 3 is as follows, 31) utilize step 22) the reception frequency domain output data that obtain
, extract in advance insert pilot data
, estimate the channel impulse response inverse at pilot tone place with LS channel estimation methods
,
for the known pilot frequency information of transmitting terminal,
the pilot frequency information extracting for receiving terminal;
32) adopt Frequency domain interpolation filtering method, the i.e. inverse of the frequency domain channel impulse response of data subcarrier position in frequency domain direction estimates data symbol with interpolation algorithm
; 33) to step 22) frequency domain data that obtains
do frequency domain equalization, realize the original transmission sequence of division channel equalization by multiplication channel equalization and can be expressed as:
.
5. the OFDM receive channel estimation balancing method of combining precursor training sequence according to claim 4 and Comb Pilot, is characterized in that described step 21) in send block matrix M and be expressed as
, reception signal indication r is
.
6. the OFDM receive channel estimation balancing method of combining precursor training sequence according to claim 5 and Comb Pilot, it is characterized in that, described step 32) interpolation on frequency domain direction, adopt Lagrangian interpolation algorithm, Lagrange's interpolation formula is:
Wherein,
being the input signal of interpolater, is corresponding to sampling instant
sampled value,
the output of interpolater, corresponding to sampling instant
signal value, according to the M of continuous input known signal sampled value, correspond respectively to
in the moment, calculate any time
signal value; M participates in the sampled point number that interpolation is calculated, and is commonly referred to Lagrangian interpolation exponent number, for the channel estimating of OFDM, suppose that frequency pilot sign for the also spacing distance that is spacedly distributed is
, above-mentioned Lagrange's interpolation formula can be expressed as:
Wherein,
,
by
the set of all pilot sub-carrier compositions on individual OFDM symbol;
it is the inverse of the channel response value in pilot frequency locations;
represent to get to be not more than
integer.
7. the OFDM receive channel estimation balancing method of combining precursor training sequence according to claim 6 and Comb Pilot, it is characterized in that, in described Lagrangian interpolation algorithm, for Lagrangian interpolation algorithm corresponding to different " M ", described Lagrangian interpolation algorithm has first-order linear interpolation or second order parabola interpolation (Parabolic) or three rank Cubic interpolations.
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| CN102158459B (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2013-08-07 | 清华大学 | OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) block transmission method based on time-frequency two-dimension training information |
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