CN103872365A

CN103872365A - Multiple conductive solid electrolyte membrane and fuel cell

Info

Publication number: CN103872365A
Application number: CN201210527466.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张宏伟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-12-11
Filing date: 2012-12-11
Publication date: 2014-06-18

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiple conductive solid electrolyte membrane and a fuel cell. The multiple conductive solid electrolyte membrane has at least two functions of conduction of cations comprising protons, anions comprising hydroxide ions and oxygen ion, and electrons. The fuel cell comprises the multiple conductive solid electrolyte membrane, an anode, a cathode, a conductive diffusion layer and a conductive collector plate. Compared with the traditional proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, the fuel cell provided by the invention has the advantages that through passing diffusion of water produced in the multiple conductive solid electrolyte membrane, the multiple conductive solid electrolyte membrane has a self-wetting function so that water management is simplified; and at least one electrode can utilize an unprecious metal as a catalyst so that a fuel cell production cost is reduced. The invention also provides a preparation method of the multiple conductive solid electrolyte membrane.

Description

The solid electrolyte film of multiple conduction and fuel cell

Technical field

The present invention relates to the solid electrolyte film of multiple conduction, be especially suitable for the fuel cell of solid electrolyte film, and production method.

Background technology

Fuel cell is a kind of without burning, directly in electrochemical reaction mode, the chemical energy in fuel and oxidant is changed into the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of electric energy.Solid electrolyte membrane fuel cell, especially uses the fuel cell of polymer dielectric film to have Fast starting under normal temperature, simple and compact for structure, reliability high, thereby receives much concern as there being the new energy technology of broad prospect of application.

Solid electrolyte film in traditional solid electrolyte membrane fuel cell only conducts electricity by the ion of conduction single type, as proton exchange membrane proton conducting, alkaline anion-exchange membrane conduction hydroxide ion, the ionic conduction ability of these films is higher to the water content dependency degree of film, at higher temperature (>80 ^oc) under, be faced with the problem that the ionic conductance that causes because of dehydration sharply declines, thereby use the fuel cell of these films must additional configuration water management equipment, when having increased volume, also strengthened cost.In addition, the research of the alkaline anion-exchange membrane that fuel cell uses is still in initial period, there is no commercial product; Proton exchange membrane is widely used is the Nafion series membranes that commercial Dupont produces, but that this film also exists is expensive, and methanol permeability is high and be not suitable for the shortcoming of high-temperature operation.Thereby need research not make the solid electrolyte membrane fuel cell of management of the use of water equipment and the polymer dielectric film of the corresponding high-performance low price of exploitation.

For the problems referred to above, Unlu M (Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009,113 (26): 11416-11423) by simply stacked to alkaline anionic membrane and proton exchange membrane, prepare hybridized film fuel cell, obtained the fuel cell having from wetting characteristics, but because two kinds of films are just simply stacked, on interface, easily there is layering, be unfavorable for long-term use.The planar membraneless microchannel fuel cell of Chinese patent CN 101084364A report can obtain the thermodynamics electromotive force of 1.93V, but what use is liquid electrolyte, needs extra electrolyte supply and gathering-device, has brought very big inconvenience to operation.

Summary of the invention

The present invention proposes a new solution for the problems referred to above, it is the solid electrolyte membrane fuel cell of multiple conduction, this fuel cell adopts the solid electrolyte film with the multiple ability of leading to replace traditional film that can only conduct single type ion, as used the film of proton conducting and hydroxide ion simultaneously to replace proton exchange membrane.

The present invention has the following advantages by (take the fuel cell of the film of the use proton conducting optimized and hydroxide ion as example): 1) proton and hydroxide ion, in conjunction with producing water in film, have from wetting characteristics film, can save water management equipment; 2) can use non-precious metal catalyst at negative electrode, thereby reduce production costs; 3) exploitation of the polymer dielectric film of novel hydrocarbon material, the Nafion film of alternative costliness, further reduces the cost of fuel cell.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the fuel cell structure schematic diagram that adopts the film that has proton conducting and hydroxide ion function concurrently in the present invention.1 solid electrolyte film of proton conducting and hydroxide ion simultaneously, 2 negative pole (anodes, fuel-side electrode), 3 positive pole (negative electrodes, oxidant side electrode), anode and negative electrode are all the porous layers that contains acidity or deacidite and catalyst, 4 anode conducting diffusion layers, 5 negative electrode conductive gas diffusion layers, 6 have the anode end baffle plate and the cathode end baffle plate that has flow field and 7 afflux functions concurrently of flow field and afflux function concurrently.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

By the polysulfone membrane that contains aryl oxide construction unit being placed between two compartment spreading grooves, in two compartments, put into respectively trim,ethylchlorosilane and trimethyl chlorosulfonic acid silicon, 40 ^oc reacts 4.5h, after having cleaned, then puts into trimethylamine solution and carries out quaternizedly, and the sodium hydroxide solution alkalization of finally immersing again 1M, obtains the solid electrolyte film of proton conducting and hydroxide ion simultaneously.Then, the charcoal that contains Nafion resin is carried to Pt is anode-catalyzed to be placed on and film one side of trimethyl chlorosulfonic acid pasc reaction, the charcoal that contains quaternized styrene resin carries Pt cathode catalysis and is placed on film one side of reacting with trim,ethylchlorosilane, become membrane electrode assembly through hot pressing, be finally assembled into fuel cell.Not wetting hydrogen and air are inputted respectively anode of fuel cell side 8 and cathode side 9,80 ^othe power output peak value that can obtain under C is 421.3mW/cm ².

Claims

1. a solid electrolyte film for multiple conduction, is characterized in that possessing at least two kinds of functions in the conduction anion including hydroxide ion and oxonium ion, the cation including proton and electronic capability.

2. the preparation method of film described in a claim 1, it is characterized in that filling the polymer of conduction hydroxide ion in the perforated membrane of proton conducting, or in the perforated membrane of conduction hydroxide ion, fill the polymer of proton conducting, thereby form the film of the dual conductive capability with proton conducting and hydroxide ion.

3. the preparation method of film described in a claim 1, it is characterized in that the polymer that does not contain functional group to be clipped between two compartment spreading grooves, in two compartments, put into respectively halomethyl agent and sulfonating agent, after reaction finishes, polymer film is cleaned up and immerses successively triethylamine and sodium hydroxide solution again, and preparation has the film of the dual conductive capability of proton conducting and hydroxide ion concurrently.

4. the preparation method of film described in a claim 1, it is characterized in that the polymer that does not contain functional group to be clipped between two compartment spreading grooves, in the compartment of left and right, first put into respectively sulfonating agent and inertia solution, after reaction finishes to have cleaned, in the compartment of left and right, put into respectively again inertia solution and halomethyl agent, after reaction finishes, again polymer film is cleaned up, finally immerse successively triethylamine and sodium hydroxide solution, preparation has the film of the dual conductive capability of proton conducting and hydroxide ion.

5. the preparation method of film described in a claim 1, it is characterized in that the polymer containing basic group and the admixture of powder of leading proton, maybe, by the polymer containing acidic-group and the admixture of powder of leading hydroxide ion, preparation has the composite membrane of the dual conductive capability of proton conducting and hydroxide ion.

6. a preparation method for film described in claim 1, it is characterized in that will lead the powder of hydroxide ion add after adhesive with the powder of leading proton, evenly blend, is pressed into the composite membrane of the dual conductive capability with proton conducting and hydroxide ion.

7. a preparation method for film described in claim 1, is characterized in that adopting the polymer preparation that simultaneously contains basic group and acidic-group to have the film of the dual conductive capability of proton conducting and hydroxide ion.

8. a preparation method for film described in claim 1, is characterized in that the material of conduct oxygen ions to be filled in the film containing preparation in the porous material of PN junction with the dual conductive capability of conduct oxygen ions and unidirectional conduction electron.

9. according to a fuel cell for the film of claim 2-8, it is centered by the solid electrolyte film of multiple conducting function, and both sides are configuring anode, cathod catalyst and supporting layer thereof, gas diffusion layers, collector plate and end stop with flow field successively.

10. fuel cell unit, the fuel cell that it comprises claim 9.