CN103871003A - Power distribution network fault diagnosis method utilizing historical fault data - Google Patents
Power distribution network fault diagnosis method utilizing historical fault data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a power distribution network fault diagnosis method utilizing historical fault data. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, a fault information database is established from power distribution network fault rescue records, fault attributes contained in the fault information database are determined; then, the data format of the fault attributes is made to conform to the standard, and fault attribute data in the fault information database are discretized; an association rule mining method is used for mining a strong association rule contained in the fault attribute data in the fault information database; finally, according to actual conditions of a fault and the mined strong association rule, a diagnosis result of the power distribution network fault is obtained. The power distribution network fault diagnosis method utilizing the historical fault data is beneficial for improving safe operation of a power distribution network, and is high in reliability; besides, the power distribution network fault diagnosis method has the advantages of being wide in application rage, flexible to apply, and capable of being operated off line, and being influenced by the distribution network automation degree to a low extent, and the like, thereby providing a good basis for power distribution network fault diagnosis and state evaluation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of applicating history fault data, when relating in particular to power distribution network and breaking down, electrical power distribution automatization system cannot provide the method for diagnosing faults, particularly a kind of Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of applicating history fault data of accurate monitoring result due to hardware, software or communication failure.
Background technology
Compared with power transmission network, distribution net work structure complexity, the fault diagnosis technology of power distribution network is mainly the operation of power networks status information providing according to automated systems such as electricity consumption acquisition system, monitoring system of distribution transformer, data acquisition and supervisor controls at present.These automated systems mainly comprise hardware components, software section and communications portion, in the time that arbitrary part breaks down in system, just cannot make accurate judgement to the running status of power distribution network.Especially in the time that power distribution network breaks down, hardware components and the communications portion of automated system also very likely break down, now automated system cannot provide failure condition accurately to maintainer, this just makes maintainer cannot recover in time the electric power supply of fault zone, reduce the reliability of mains supply, affected power consumer and produced normally, live.
The fault diagnosis technology of electric system comparative maturity has expert system, artificial neural network, petri net, rough set theory, fuzzy theory, Bayesian network etc. at present, and these methods are all the method for diagnosing faults at power transmission network field comparative maturity.Because network topology, the power equipment etc. of power distribution network have very big difference with power transmission network, these method for diagnosing faults all cannot be applied directly in power distribution network.And these method for diagnosing faults mostly depend on the operation of power networks status information that automated system provides, in the time that automated system breaks down, also cannot provide fault diagnosis result.
Existing Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks all depends on the monitoring of equipment information that power distribution automation equipment provides, and in the situation that lacking monitoring of equipment information, cannot provide fault diagnosis result.The accuracy of existing method diagnostic result also depends on the accuracy of obtained power distribution network Monitoring Data, in the time that mistake appears in power distribution network monitoring information, can produce wrong fault diagnosis result.Current diagnostic method cannot provide concrete failure cause, is mostly the diagnosis to fault type and abort situation.The present invention utilizes power distribution network historical failure data to carry out fault diagnosis, can under off-line case, provide diagnostic result, and also can provide correct diagnostic result in the situation that a small amount of mistake appears in fault data.And the present invention can pass through the analysis to historical data, and in conjunction with real time status, size to the failure cause that may occur and various failure cause possibilities is made diagnosis, this fixes a breakdown in time for maintainer, recover customer power supply, raising distribution network reliability all tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one to have applied widely, applying flexible, off-line operation, is subject to distribution network automated degree to affect the advantages such as little, and has the Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of the applicating history fault data of higher reliability.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of applicating history fault data, comprise the steps,
Step S01: set up failure information database by distribution network failure repairing record, and determine the fault attribute comprising in this failure information database;
Step S02: the data layout of standard fault attribute, by the fault attribute Data Discretization in failure information database;
Step S03: association rule digging method excavates the Strong association rule that the fault attribute data in failure information database comprise;
Step S04: according to the actual conditions of fault, according to the Strong association rule of above-mentioned excavation, distribution network failure situation is provided to diagnostic result.
In embodiments of the present invention, described step S02, specific implementation process is as follows,
Step S21: determine the also data layout of the each fault attribute of standard;
Step S22: the fault attribute data in failure information database are carried out to wide splitting, and this discretize process is specially,
The minimum value of setting fault duration is
, maximal value is
, according to formula:
, obtain discontinuous point:
;
Wherein, δ is discrete width, and k is discrete counting.
In embodiments of the present invention, described step S03, is specially,
Utilize the Apriori algorithm in correlation rule to carry out association rule mining to the fault attribute data in failure information database; Carrying out before association rule mining, quantification type data need to be changed into Boolean type data, concrete conversion method is:
An if collection
the set of item,
value be quantized value, wherein, m is integer, and m=1,2,3 Quantitative Association Rule to be changed into Boolean Association Rules, form new item collection
, need by
each value after discretize and a collection
in item
corresponding;
Then the fault attribute data in failure information database are carried out to association rule mining, Apriori algorithm is topmost Boolean type frequent item set association rules mining algorithm; Apriori algorithm is to search for frequent item set by the mode of iterative search; First, search out the set of frequent 1-item collection
, then by
search
, until the frequent item set of search is empty, till can not continuing search, wherein,
for integer,
=2,3 ..., n; The generation of this frequent item set mainly divides and connects and two steps of beta pruning:
Connect step: pass through
be connected the set that produces candidate k-item collection with oneself, method of attachment
,
in item collection interconnect the set that generates candidate k-item collection
; In connection procedure, require the item collection connecting to share k-1;
Beta pruning step: in the set that connects step acquisition candidate
after, determine frequently according to following formula
the set an of-collection
,
Suppose a collection
be
a subset,
at database
in support Support refer to
in comprise
number of transactions with
the percent value of middle affairs sum,
For item collection
with transaction database
, frequent item set refers to that support is not less than specified minimum support Min_support's
nonvoid subset; Judge a collection
for the condition of frequent item set is
But in this process, if
very large, will need a large amount of calculating to obtain
, can be by for reducing calculated amount
in item collection (
)-subset does not exist
in candidate
-collection is deleted; Because according to Apriori character, all non-frequent (
a)-collection can not be frequent
the subset of item collection, namely
in all collection (
)-subset is all comprised in
in;
Wherein, Apriori character: all nonvoid subsets of frequent item set must be all frequently; Frequent item set meets the item collection of minimum support;
for frequent k-item collection.
In embodiments of the present invention, described correlation rule, is mainly divided into Boolean Association Rules and Quantitative Association Rule two classes, and when the property value that will excavate is 0 or 1, while being discrete value, correlation rule is boolean association rule; In the time that the property value that will excavate is quantized value, correlation rule is quantification type correlation rule.
Described Apriori algorithm belongs to boolean association rule mining algorithm.
Compared to prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the data source that the present invention utilizes is a large amount of fault handling data that produce in power distribution network operational process, these data are rough expression of distribution monitoring system data, comprise equally the information such as time of failure, the position of fault, equipment/circuit types, failure cause; Therefore, analyze these space-time datas, and excavate its internal association relation, the safe operation to power distribution network and management have important practical significance;
2, the present invention utilizes association rule mining method to carry out Association Rule Analysis to distribution network failure deal with data, excavate the correlation rule wherein comprising, for Fault Diagnosis of Distribution Network provides foundation, can also make reliability assessment to the operation conditions of Distribution Network Equipment, the impact of external environment condition on power distribution network etc.;
3, the present invention have applied widely, applying flexible, off-line operation, is subject to distribution network automated degree to affect the advantages such as little, for Fault Diagnosis of Distribution Network and state estimation are had laid a good foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks process flow diagram of applicating history data of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is specifically described.
The Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of a kind of applicating history fault data of the present invention, comprises the steps,
Step S01: set up failure information database by distribution network failure repairing record, and determine the fault attribute comprising in this failure information database;
Step S02: the data layout of standard fault attribute, by the fault attribute Data Discretization in failure information database;
Step S03: association rule digging method excavates the Strong association rule that the fault attribute data in failure information database comprise;
Step S04: according to the actual conditions of fault, according to the Strong association rule of above-mentioned excavation, distribution network failure situation is provided to diagnostic result.
Described step S02, specific implementation process is as follows,
Step S21: determine the also data layout of the each fault attribute of standard;
Step S22: the fault attribute data in failure information database are carried out to wide splitting, and this discretize process is specially,
The minimum value of setting fault duration is
, maximal value is
, according to formula:
, obtain discontinuous point:
;
Wherein, δ is discrete width, and k is discrete counting.
Described step S03, is specially,
Utilize the Apriori algorithm in correlation rule to carry out association rule mining to the fault attribute data in failure information database; Carrying out before association rule mining, quantification type data need to be changed into Boolean type data, concrete conversion method is:
An if collection
the set of item,
value be quantized value, wherein, m is integer, and m=1,2,3 Quantitative Association Rule to be changed into Boolean Association Rules, form new item collection
, need by
each value after discretize and a collection
in item
corresponding;
Then the fault attribute data in failure information database are carried out to association rule mining, Apriori algorithm is topmost Boolean type frequent item set association rules mining algorithm; Apriori algorithm is to search for frequent item set by the mode of iterative search; First, search out the set of frequent 1-item collection
, then by
search
, until the frequent item set of search is empty, till can not continuing search, wherein,
for integer,
=2,3 ..., n; The generation of this frequent item set mainly divides and connects and two steps of beta pruning:
Connect step: pass through
be connected the set that produces candidate k-item collection with oneself, method of attachment
,
in item collection interconnect the set that generates candidate k-item collection
; In connection procedure, require the item collection connecting to share k-1;
Beta pruning step: in the set that connects step acquisition candidate
after, determine frequently according to following formula
the set an of-collection
,
Suppose a collection
be
a subset,
at database
in support Support refer to
in comprise
number of transactions with
the percent value of middle affairs sum,
For item collection
with transaction database
, frequent item set refers to that support is not less than specified minimum support Min_support's
nonvoid subset; Judge a collection
for the condition of frequent item set is
But in this process, if
very large, will need a large amount of calculating to obtain
, can be by for reducing calculated amount
in item collection (
)-subset does not exist
in candidate
-collection is deleted; Because according to Apriori character, all non-frequent (
a)-collection can not be frequent
the subset of item collection, namely
in all collection (
)-subset is all comprised in
in;
Wherein, Apriori character: all nonvoid subsets of frequent item set must be all frequently; Frequent item set meets the item collection of minimum support;
for frequent k-item collection.
Described correlation rule, is mainly divided into Boolean Association Rules and Quantitative Association Rule two classes, and when the property value that will excavate is 0 or 1, while being discrete value, correlation rule is boolean association rule; In the time that the property value that will excavate is quantized value, correlation rule is quantification type correlation rule; Described Apriori algorithm belongs to boolean association rule mining algorithm.
For allowing those skilled in the art more understand the inventive method, the following stated is specific embodiments of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of applicating history fault data, concrete steps are:
Step 1: form failure information database, the fault attribute comprising in specified data storehouse by distribution network failure repairing record.
The a large amount of fault handling data that produce in power distribution network operational process are rough expression of distribution monitoring system data, wherein comprise the information such as time of failure, the position of fault, fault element, failure cause.
The approach that distribution network failure information recording obtains mainly contains the automated systems such as monitoring system of distribution transformer, electricity consumption acquisition system, data acquisition and supervisor control, GPMS system; Whether the distribution network failure attribute obtaining by these automated systems mainly contains time of failure, fault element, element corresponding device type, affiliated transformer station, affiliated area under one's jurisdiction, region 1, region 2, power failure reason, fault type, is transient fault, fault current, fault impedance, fault phase angle etc.
The failure information database that the distribution network failure repairing record of different regions forms can only be applicable to local Fault Diagnosis of Distribution Network; In the time setting up failure information database, first want time and the spatial dimension in specified data source, the accuracy of its less important specified data, screen and delete misdata and repeating data in data, to guarantee the accuracy of next step data correlation rule digging result.
Step 2: standard fault attribute data layout, select suitable method, by the Data Discretization in failure information database.
1. determine the data layout of each fault attribute.
Time of failure:
Time of failure is the time of breaking down, time interocclusal record content comprise year, month, day, time minute, second.
Fault element:
According to the content of the configuration feature of power distribution network and breakdown repair record, the element that power distribution network may break down mainly contains shaft tower, wire, insulator, isolating switch, on-load switch, fuse, disconnector, lightning arrester, cable body, cable termination, cable intermediate joint, transformer body, high-voltage lead of transformer, transformer low voltage distribution facility etc.
Element corresponding device type:
The element difference that different device types comprises, the different corresponding device types in identity element installation site are also different, and the main equipment types under power distribution network element has overhead transmission line, cable line, switchyard (switching station), ring main unit, outdoor distribution transformer, switchgear building, distribution substation, transformer station, subscriber equipment.The element that each device type comprises is listed in table 1.
Affiliated transformer station:
Fault element corresponding device type place transformer station.
Affiliated area under one's jurisdiction:
The administrative area under one's jurisdiction at fault element corresponding device type place.
Region 1:
According to the regionalism of power distribution network power supply area, power distribution network power supply area is divided into midtown, urban district, cities and towns, rural area four classes.The specific classification standard in four class regions is listed in table 2.
Region 2:
According to the load density of power distribution network power supply area, be A+, A, B, C, D, E six classes by power distribution network division of the power supply area.The concrete criteria for classifying in six class regions is listed in table 3.
Power failure reason:
Power failure reason is mainly responsibility and the cause having a power failure for describing power distribution network.Main point facility construction, Equipment, operation maintenance, external force factor, weather conditions, customer impact, distributed power source affect several classes, and every class failure cause is specifically divided into again several detailed reasons.Concrete power failure causality classification situation is listed in table 4.
Fault type:
When power distribution network breaks down, whether main fault type has fault type, fault rank, is transient fault, fault current, fault impedance, fault phase angle etc.
Whether be transient fault:
The operating experience of electric system shows; overhead transmission line fault is mostly " instantaneity "; the insulator surface flashover, the large wind-induced short that are for example caused by thunder and lightning, touch arc short-circuit causing etc. by the thing such as birds, branch on wire; after the protected rapid disconnection of circuit; electric arc is horizontal blanking; the dielectric strength of trouble spot is recovered again, and external object is also burnt by electric arc and disappeared.If the line-breaker disconnecting is closed and just can recover normal power supply, this class fault is just called transient fault.If after circuit is disconnected, they still exist, and are permanent fault.
Fault current:
Fault current refers to the fault current value of utilizing record ripple monitoring equipment to monitor when fault occurs.
Fault impedance:
Fault impedance refer to utilize when fault occurs between fault phase wire that record ripple monitoring equipment monitors and ground or with several fault phase wires between the improper impedance being connected that occurs.
Fault phase angle:
Fault phase angle refers in the time that fault occurs by the phase differential of recording between false voltage and the fault current that ripple monitoring equipment monitors.If
for fault phase angle,
for false voltage phase angle,
for fault current phase angle, the computing method of fault phase angle as shown in Equation (1).
（1）
2. by the Data Discretization in failure information database.
Association rules mining algorithm processing be all the data of discrete type, distribution network failure space-time data is being carried out to before association rule mining, first will carry out discretize processing to data.In distribution network failure attribute, the property value of time of failure, fault current, fault impedance, fault phase angle is continuous data, need to before association rule mining, carry out discretize processing.
Wide division is more typical Method of Data Discretization, and concrete departure process is:
The minimum value of setting fault duration is
, maximal value is
, carry out the wide discrete two kinds of methods that mainly contain, a kind of method is first to set discrete width δ, asks the discrete k of counting; Another kind method is to ask discrete width δ by discrete counting.Calculation expression is shown in formula (2)
Can obtain discontinuous point by the method
(note: discretize is herein to be the attribute of continuous type numerical value for property value, associated with the discretize of following step 3, for continuous type numerical attribute, need to first carry out discretize and by the conversion method described in following step 3, quantification type data be changed into discrete data again)
Step 3: apply suitable association rule mining method and carry out association rule mining, excavate the Strong association rule comprising in distribution network failure information.
Utilize the Apriori algorithm in association rule mining to carry out association rule mining to the data in failure information database; Correlation rule, is mainly divided into Boolean Association Rules and Quantitative Association Rule two classes; In the time that the property value that will excavate is 0 or 1 discrete value, correlation rule is boolean association rule; In the time that the property value that will excavate is quantized value, correlation rule is quantification type correlation rule.Apriori algorithm belongs to boolean association rule mining algorithm, carrying out before association rule mining, quantification type data need to be changed into Boolean type data; Concrete conversion method is:
An if collection
the set of item,
(m=1,2,3 ...) value be quantized value, Quantitative Association Rule be changed into Boolean Association Rules, form new item collection
, need by
each value after discretize and a collection
in item
corresponding; Concrete method for transformation is listed in table 5.
Table 6 is the situation in the time of n=2 in table 5,
Suppose a collection
in
value is 0,1,2,3,
value be 0,1,2, by item collection
in quantification type data change into collection
the corresponding relation of middle Boolean type data is as shown in table 1,
with
value number and be 7, corresponding
middle term is also 7.
When
value be 0 o'clock, the item collection after conversion
in
value be 1,
,
,
value be all 0; When
value be 1 o'clock, collection
in
value be 1,
,
,
value be 0; When
value be 2 o'clock, collection
in
value be 1,
,
,
value be 0; When
value be 3 o'clock, collection
in
value be 1,
,
,
value be 0;
When
value be 0 o'clock, the item collection after conversion
in
value is 1,
,
value be all 0; When
value be 1 o'clock, collection
in
value be 1,
,
value be 0; When
value be 2 o'clock, collection
in
value be 1,
,
value be 0.
Apriori algorithm is topmost Boolean type frequent item set association rules mining algorithm; Apriori algorithm is to search for frequent item set by the mode of iterative search; First, search out the set of frequent 1-item collection
, then by
search
(
=2,3 ..., n), until the frequent item set of search is empty, till can not continuing search; The generation of this frequent item set mainly divides and connects and two steps of beta pruning:
Connect step: pass through
be connected the set that produces candidate k-item collection with oneself, method of attachment
,
in item collection interconnect the set that generates candidate k-item collection
; In connection procedure, require the item collection connecting to share k-1;
Beta pruning step: in the set that connects step acquisition candidate
after, determine frequently according to formula (5)
the set an of-collection
; But in this process, if
very large, will need a large amount of calculating to obtain
, can be by for reducing calculated amount
in item collection (
)-subset does not exist
in candidate
-collection is deleted; Because according to Apriori character, all non-frequent (
a)-collection can not be frequent
the subset of item collection, namely
in all collection (
)-subset is all comprised in
in.
Wherein, Apriori character: all nonvoid subsets of frequent item set must be all frequently, frequent item set meets the item collection of minimum support;
for frequent k-item collection.
Suppose a collection
be
a subset,
at database
in support (Support) refer to
in comprise
number of transactions with
the percent value of middle affairs sum,
For item collection
with transaction database
, frequent item set refers to that support is not less than specified minimum support (Min_support)
nonvoid subset; Judge a collection
for the condition of frequent item set is
Step 4: according to the actual conditions of fault, according to the content in association rule database, distribution network failure situation is provided to diagnostic result.
According to known fault attribute, as the time attribute of fault, space attribute, fault current etc., utilize the Strong association rule in association rule database, failure condition is made to diagnosis, as failure cause, fault element, fault type etc.
As the association rule database of the distribution network failure repairing record formation to a certain city 2009-2012 of China.Time, the fault zone that known fault occurs, the size of fault current, can be by obtaining in association rule database and this season, this region, failure cause, fault element, fault type that this fault current levels degree of association is the highest, thereby fault content is made to diagnosis, maintainer makes rapid reaction according to diagnostic result, fix a breakdown with prestissimo, recover fault zone electric power supply.
Be more than preferred embodiment of the present invention, all changes of doing according to technical solution of the present invention, when the function producing does not exceed the scope of technical solution of the present invention, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks for applicating history fault data, is characterized in that: comprises the steps,
Step S01: set up failure information database by distribution network failure repairing record, and determine the fault attribute comprising in this failure information database;
Step S02: the data layout of standard fault attribute, by the fault attribute Data Discretization in failure information database;
Step S03: association rule digging method excavates the Strong association rule that the fault attribute data in failure information database comprise;
Step S04: according to the actual conditions of fault, according to the Strong association rule of above-mentioned excavation, distribution network failure situation is provided to diagnostic result.
2. the Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of a kind of applicating history fault data according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step S02, and specific implementation process is as follows,
Step S21: determine the also data layout of the each fault attribute of standard;
Step S22: the fault attribute data in failure information database are carried out to wide splitting, and this discretize process is specially,
The minimum value of setting fault duration is
, maximal value is
, according to formula:
, obtain discontinuous point:
;
Wherein, δ is discrete width, and k is discrete counting.
3. the Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of a kind of applicating history fault data according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step S03, be specially,
Utilize the Apriori algorithm in correlation rule to carry out association rule mining to the fault attribute data in failure information database; Carrying out before association rule mining, quantification type data need to be changed into Boolean type data, concrete conversion method is:
An if collection
the set of item,
value be quantized value, wherein, m is integer, and m=1,2,3 Quantitative Association Rule to be changed into Boolean Association Rules, form new item collection
, need by
each value after discretize and a collection
in item
corresponding;
Then the fault attribute data in failure information database are carried out to association rule mining, Apriori algorithm is topmost Boolean type frequent item set association rules mining algorithm; Apriori algorithm is to search for frequent item set by the mode of iterative search; First, search out the set of frequent 1-item collection
, then by
search
, until the frequent item set of search is empty, till can not continuing search, wherein,
for integer,
=2,3 ..., n; The generation of this frequent item set mainly divides and connects and two steps of beta pruning:
Connect step: pass through
be connected the set that produces candidate k-item collection with oneself, method of attachment
,
in item collection interconnect the set that generates candidate k-item collection
; In connection procedure, require the item collection connecting to share k-1;
Beta pruning step: in the set that connects step acquisition candidate
after, determine frequently according to following formula
the set an of-collection
,
Suppose a collection
be
a subset,
at database
in support Support refer to
in comprise
number of transactions with
the percent value of middle affairs sum,
For item collection
with transaction database
, frequent item set refers to that support is not less than specified minimum support Min_support's
nonvoid subset; Judge a collection
for the condition of frequent item set is
But in this process, if
very large, will need a large amount of calculating to obtain
, can be by for reducing calculated amount
in item collection (
)-subset does not exist
in candidate
-collection is deleted; Because according to Apriori character, all non-frequent (
a)-collection can not be frequent
the subset of item collection, namely
in all collection (
)-subset is all comprised in
in;
Wherein, Apriori character: all nonvoid subsets of frequent item set must be all frequently; Frequent item set meets the item collection of minimum support;
for frequent k-item collection.
4. the Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of a kind of applicating history fault data according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described correlation rule, mainly be divided into Boolean Association Rules and Quantitative Association Rule two classes, when the property value that will excavate is 0 or 1, while being discrete value, correlation rule is boolean association rule; In the time that the property value that will excavate is quantized value, correlation rule is quantification type correlation rule.
5. the Fault Diagnosis Method for Distribution Networks of a kind of applicating history fault data according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described Apriori algorithm belongs to boolean association rule mining algorithm.
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