CN103861987B - Hollow shaft is swaged the method for designing of mould - Google Patents
Hollow shaft is swaged the method for designing of mould Download PDFInfo
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- CN103861987B CN103861987B CN201410127391.3A CN201410127391A CN103861987B CN 103861987 B CN103861987 B CN 103861987B CN 201410127391 A CN201410127391 A CN 201410127391A CN 103861987 B CN103861987 B CN 103861987B
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- hollow shaft
- mould
- working face
- mould lobe
- diameter
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of hollow shaft to swage the method for designing of mould, this mould comprises multiple mould lobe, and the design of mould lobe is as follows: according to hollow shaft maximum outside diameter D
maxdesign the outer diameter D of its blank seamless steel pipe, make D
max<D; Equal with blank seamless steel pipe cross-sectional area according to hollow shaft maximum outside diameter place cross-sectional area, calculate blank wall thickness of seamless steel tube, and make blank seamless steel pipe length equal with hollow shaft length.Make the diameter d of the highest portion position that mould lobe working face protrudes
minbe greater than D.Get A=d
min-D
min, D
minfor hollow shaft minimum outer diameter; Getting hollow shaft i-th section of external diameter is D
i, calculate the diameter d of corresponding arc surface on mould lobe working face
i, make d
i=D
i+ A; On mould lobe working face, the axial line of all arc surfaces is coaxial.The present invention makes hollow shaft exterior contour swage shaping simultaneously, thus makes that hollow shaft crudy is good, precision is high, and production efficiency is high, cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Design of Dies technical field, particularly relate to hollow shaft and to swage the method for designing of mould.
Background technology
Those skilled in the art knows, sectional area identical at material is equal, hollow shaft is stronger than the anti-twisting property of solid shafting, can bear larger moment of face; In identical moment of face situation, select hollow shaft than solid shafting material saving.Therefore, hollow shaft, for solid shafting, is conducive to the lightweight of axial workpiece, improves the torsional rigidity of axial workpiece.
The power transmission shaft that the high-performance constant velocity shaft assembly of middle and high end car comprises stiff end constant velocity cardan joint, sliding-end constant velocity cardan joint and is connected between stiff end constant velocity cardan joint and sliding-end constant velocity cardan joint.High performance constant velocity shaft assembly stably transmits except power at a high speed except requiring, also has reduction assembly weight, reduces vibration and noise transmission, improvement vibration, improves the requirements such as comfortableness.Consider arrangement, in entire vehicle design, for the left and right constant velocity shaft assembly that length is different, only has the torsional rigidity by improving longer constant velocity cardan joint transmission shaft assembly, the left and right constant velocity shaft assembly of different length is made to have identical windup-degree, car load could be met better and laterally manipulate stability requirement, improve the twisting vibration of transmission system, improve vehicle riding comfort.Therefore, person skilled has started the power transmission shaft of constant velocity shaft assembly to be designed to hollow shaft, to improve the torsional rigidity of power transmission shaft, reduces the windup-degree of power transmission shaft, also makes the weight of constant velocity shaft assembly reduce simultaneously.
In addition, also have the axial workpiece of other purposes a lot, be also all improved torsional rigidity, reduce windup-degree, and light-weighted requirement, therefore, hollow shaft obtains applying more and more widely.The hollow shaft of prior art generally adopts hollow pipe fitting to be welded, and also will be shaped by machining after having welded, and the workload of machining is large, thus the production cost of hollow shaft is high.At present, processes hollow shaft of swaging is adopted to become a developing direction of hollow shaft processing, technique of swaging avoids welding and the machining of hollow shaft, hollow shaft processing technology is simplified, the production cost of hollow shaft is reduced, but the mould of swaging of prior art hollow mandrel often only has the working face of single shape, for the hollow shaft of some outer shape complexity, the outer shape for hollow shaft complexity is needed to design the mould of swaging of a lot of difformity working face, often walking operation utilizes one group of Mould Machining of swaging to go out the hollow shaft wherein shape of working surface of a section, therefore for the hollow shaft of outer shape complexity, need multiple working procedure just to swage shaping, therefore production efficiency is low, production cost is still higher, and blank seamless steel pipe can be caused to be crushed in rotary swaging process distortion, the hollow shaft crudy that causing swages is shaped is poor, machining accuracy is low, swages after end, also will carry out machining again to revise hollow shaft.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of hollow shaft that hollow shaft production efficiency is high, production cost is low of outer shape complexity that makes to swage the method for designing of mould, to overcome the above-mentioned defect of prior art.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of hollow shaft and to swage the method for designing of mould, described hollow shaft mould of swaging comprises the head of swaging being arranged on rotary swaging equipment, the multiple mould lobes be uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the design of described mould lobe comprises the following steps:
A, the maximum outside diameter getting described hollow shaft are D
max, the wall thickness at maximum outside diameter place is t, and minimum outer diameter is D
min, the length of described hollow shaft is L; Design the outer diameter D of the blank seamless steel pipe of described hollow shaft, make D
max<D; Equal with the cross-sectional area of described hollow shaft maximum outside diameter by described blank seamless steel pipe cross-sectional area, calculate the wall thickness T of described blank seamless steel pipe; The length of described blank seamless steel pipe is equal with the length of described hollow shaft, is also L;
B, outer diameter D according to described blank seamless steel pipe, design the arc surface diameter of the highest portion position that described mould lobe working face protrudes, i.e. the minimum diameter d of each arc surface on described mould lobe working face
min, make d
min>D+1mm;
C, calculate the arc surface diameter d of the highest portion position that described mould lobe working face protrudes
minwith the minimum outer diameter D of described hollow shaft
mindifference A=d
min-D
min, and the axial line of the arc surface of the highest portion position that described mould lobe working face protrudes is defined as the revolution axial line of described mould lobe working face;
D, the external diameter getting described hollow shaft i-th section are D
i, calculate the diameter d of corresponding arc surface on described mould lobe working face
i, make d
i=D
i+ A;
E, design the axial length of each section of arc surface on described mould lobe working face, ensure that the length of each section of arc surface on described mould lobe working face is equal with the length of the correspondent section of described hollow shaft;
F, design described mould lobe two radial side planes, the cross section making described mould lobe is symmetrical figure, and the intersection getting two radial side planes of described mould lobe is CC ', and the highest portion position that described mould lobe working face protrudes and the spacing of described CC ' should be D
min/ 2.
Preferably, further comprising the steps of:
What multiple mould lobes of G, mould of described hollow shaft being swaged were arranged on rotary swaging equipment swages on head, set the rotating speed of described rotary swaging equipment, hammering frequency, the hammering amount of feeding, hammer force, start program of swaging, described hollow shaft mould of swaging is utilized to be swaged by described blank seamless steel pipe and be processed into the product of described hollow shaft, utilize cubing to detect the Form and position error of described product, correspondingly revise described hollow shaft for the underproof place of described product and to swage die-face.
Preferably, getting the swage mould lobe quantity of mould of described hollow shaft is Z, and the angle of two radial side planes of described mould lobe is θ, and namely the axial wrapping angle of described mould lobe is θ, then θ=360 ° ÷ Z.
Preferably, 2≤Z≤6.
Preferably, D<D
max+ 8mm.
Preferably, d
min<D+5mm.
As mentioned above, hollow shaft of the present invention is swaged the method for designing of mould, has following beneficial effect:
The hollow shaft of outer shape complexity can be swaged shaping by a procedure, makes that the production efficiency of hollow shaft improves, production cost reduces; In addition, the shaping because the lateral surface that hollow shaft is each section is swaged simultaneously, avoid blank seamless steel pipe to be crushed in rotary swaging process distortion, thus make that the crudy of hollow shaft product is good, machining accuracy is high, avoid technique of swaging and terminate the rear machining correction to hollow shaft product lateral surface, further increase the production efficiency of hollow shaft, reduce the production cost of hollow shaft.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as the partial structurtes schematic diagram of hollow shaft of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is shown as the structural representation of the blank seamless steel pipe of hollow shaft of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is shown as the swage master of mould of hollow shaft of the present invention and looks cross-sectional schematic.
Fig. 4 is shown as hollow shaft of the present invention and swages the schematic side view of mould.
Element numbers explanation
100 hollow shafts
D
maxthe maximum outside diameter of hollow shaft
The wall thickness at t hollow shaft maximum outside diameter place
D
minthe minimum outer diameter of hollow shaft
200 blank seamless steel pipes
The external diameter of D blank seamless steel pipe
The wall thickness of T blank seamless steel pipe
300 mould lobes
310 radial side planes
D
minthe minimum diameter of each arc surface on mould lobe working face
The axial wrapping angle of θ mould lobe
Detailed description of the invention
By particular specific embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described below, person skilled in the art scholar the content disclosed by this description can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily.
Refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4.Notice, structure, ratio, size etc. that this description institute accompanying drawings illustrates, content all only in order to coordinate description to disclose, understand for person skilled in the art scholar and read, and be not used to limit the enforceable qualifications of the present invention, therefore the not technical essential meaning of tool, the adjustment of the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or size, do not affecting under effect that the present invention can produce and the object that can reach, all should still drop in scope that disclosed technology contents can contain.Simultaneously, quote in this description as " on ", D score, "left", "right", " centre " and " one " etc. term, also only for ease of understanding of describing, and be not used to limit the enforceable scope of the present invention, the change of its relativeness or adjustment, under changing technology contents without essence, when being also considered as the enforceable category of the present invention.
In view of in prior art, the mould of swaging of hollow shaft often only has the working face of single shape, for the hollow shaft of outer shape complexity, need the mould of swaging designing a lot of cover difformity working face, often walking operation utilizes a set of Mould Machining of swaging to go out the hollow shaft wherein shape of working surface of a section, production efficiency is low, and production cost is high; And blank seamless steel pipe also can be caused to be crushed in rotary swaging process distortion, the hollow shaft crudy that causing swages is shaped is poor, machining accuracy is low, swages after end, also will carry out machining again to revise hollow shaft.The method for designing that the present inventor provides a kind of hollow shaft to swage mould, design carry out linear contact lay with the complicated shape of hollow shaft working face with fitting like a glove, thus shaping of hollow shaft can be realized by a procedure, production efficiency is high, production cost is low, and crudy is good, machining accuracy is high.
Below will be described in detail to hollow shaft of the present invention die design method of swaging by specific embodiment.
Hollow shaft is swaged the method for designing of mould, and described hollow shaft mould of swaging comprises the head of swaging being arranged on rotary swaging equipment, the multiple mould lobes 300 be uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the design of described mould lobe 300 comprises the following steps:
A, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the maximum outside diameter getting described hollow shaft 100 is D
max, the wall thickness at maximum outside diameter place is t, and minimum outer diameter is D
min, the length of described hollow shaft is L; Design the outer diameter D of the blank seamless steel pipe of described hollow shaft 100, make D
max<D; Equal with the cross-sectional area of described hollow shaft 100 maximum outside diameter by described blank seamless steel pipe 200 cross-sectional area, calculate the wall thickness T of described blank seamless steel pipe 200; The length of described blank seamless steel pipe 200 is equal with the length of described hollow shaft 100, is also L;
Because the outer diameter D of described blank seamless steel pipe 200 and the maximum outside diameter D of described hollow shaft 100
maxdifference larger, the workload of processing of swaging is larger, and is unfavorable for shaping of swaging, so preferably, the outer diameter D of described blank seamless steel pipe 200 also should meet following requirement: D<D
max+ 8mm.
B, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, according to the outer diameter D of described blank seamless steel pipe 200, design the arc surface diameter d of the highest portion position that described mould lobe 300 working face protrudes
min, i.e. the minimum diameter d of each arc surface on described mould lobe 300 working face
min, make d
min>D+1mm;
Because the highest portion position that described mould lobe 300 working face protrudes is used to the processing of the outer surface realizing hollow shaft 100 minimum outer diameter place, in order to effectively retrain the flattening deformation of blank seamless steel pipe 200 in rotary swaging process, the arc surface diameter of the highest portion position that described mould lobe 300 working face protrudes should not be too large, so, preferably, the arc surface diameter d of the highest portion position of described mould lobe 300 working face protruding
minalso should meet following requirement: d
min<D+5mm.
C, calculate the arc surface diameter d of the highest portion position that described mould lobe 300 working face protrudes
minwith the minimum outer diameter D of described hollow shaft 100
mindifference A=d
min-D
min, and the axial line of the arc surface of the highest portion position that described mould lobe 300 working face protrudes is defined as the revolution axial line HH ' of described mould lobe 300 working face;
D, the external diameter getting described hollow shaft 100 i-th sections are D
i, calculate the diameter d of corresponding arc surface on described mould lobe 300 working face
i, make d
i=D
i+ A;
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, often shape matching is complicated to adopt the described hollow shaft 100 of processes of swaging, correspondingly, the working face of described mould lobe 300 often includes the surfaces of revolution such as the face of cylinder, round table surface, anchor ring, namely on described mould lobe 300 working face each section of arc surface may be the part on the face of cylinder, a part for a part for round table surface or the anchor ring for hollow shaft rounding of swaging.On the working face of described mould lobe 300, the tactical diameter at any point place can utilize d
i=D
i+ A, is calculated out by the external diameter of correspondingly hollow shaft 100; For round table surface, on the working face of the mould lobe 300 calculated thus, the draft angle of somewhere round table surface is γ, and the draft angle of the somewhere round table surface of corresponding described hollow shaft 100 is β, then γ=β.So in real operation, the diameter of each point on the round platform surface of revolution that need not calculate the working face of described mould lobe 300, only need rule with the end points at described round table surface two ends, can obtain the design size of described round table surface: draft angle γ.Same reason, the radius of the somewhere rounding of described hollow shaft 100 is R, then the annulus surface of revolution radius r=R on the working face of corresponding described mould lobe 300, thus the diameter of each point on the annulus surface of revolution that need not calculate the working face of described mould lobe 300.
E, design the axial length of each section of arc surface on described mould lobe 300 working face, ensure that the length of each section of arc surface on described mould lobe 300 working face is equal with the length of the correspondent section of described hollow shaft 100; To ensure to meet designing requirement through hollow shaft of the present invention mould carry out the swaging shape of described hollow shaft 100 of processing of swaging;
F, design described mould lobe 300 two radial side planes 310, the cross section of described mould lobe 300 is made to be symmetrical figure, the intersection getting two radial side planes 310 of described mould lobe 300 is CC ', and the highest portion position that described mould lobe 300 working face protrudes and the spacing of described CC ' should be D
min/ 2.
Getting swage mould lobe 300 quantity of mould of described hollow shaft is Z, and the angle of two radial side planes 310 of described mould lobe 300 is θ, and namely the axial wrapping angle of described mould lobe 300 is θ, then preferably, and θ=360 ° ÷ Z.Such design, be in order to swage in described hollow shaft 100 be shaped time, the swage radial side plane 310 of each adjacent mould lobe 300 of mould of described hollow shaft is fitted, described hollow shaft swage mould each mould lobe 300 working face on the inscribed circle diameter of each section of arc surface be the external diameter of hollow shaft relevant position, make swage each mould lobe 300 of mould of described hollow shaft have a final location reliably, avoid swaging not in place or swage and excessively cause hollow shaft 100 external diameter not meet designing requirement, cause the product rejection of swaging of hollow shaft 100.
Be installed on rotary swaging equipment from described mould lobe 300 to swage the workload of head, and effectively retrain the flattening deformation of blank seamless steel pipe 200 in rotary swaging process, the angle of the quality that ensures to swage considers, preferably, 2≤Z≤6.
Because the linkage section between each long shaft part of described hollow shaft 100 may have outer surface neither round table surface, neither the situation of arc surface, complex-shaped, irregular, such linkage section is subdivided into some segments to carry out the swage corresponding tactical diameter of mould 300 working face of described hollow shaft and calculate, the swage shape of mould 300 working face of described hollow shaft can be made unavoidably to produce error; So preferably, the present invention is further comprising the steps of:
What multiple mould lobes 300 of G, mould of described hollow shaft being swaged were arranged on rotary swaging equipment swages on head, set the rotating speed of described rotary swaging equipment, hammering frequency, the hammering amount of feeding, hammer force, start program of swaging, described hollow shaft mould of swaging is utilized to be swaged by described blank seamless steel pipe 200 and be processed into the product of described hollow shaft 100, utilize cubing to detect the Form and position error of described hollow shaft 100 product, correspondingly revise described hollow shaft for the underproof place of described hollow shaft 100 product and to swage die-face.
In sum, the hollow shaft that the method for designing utilizing hollow shaft of the present invention to swage mould designs is swaged mould, and the hollow shaft of outer shape complexity can be swaged shaping by a procedure, makes that the production efficiency of hollow shaft improves, production cost reduces; In addition, the shaping because the lateral surface that hollow shaft is each section is swaged simultaneously, avoid blank seamless steel pipe to be crushed in rotary swaging process distortion, thus make that the crudy of hollow shaft product is good, machining accuracy is high, avoid technique of swaging and terminate the rear machining correction to hollow shaft product lateral surface, further increase the production efficiency of hollow shaft, reduce the production cost of hollow shaft.So the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcoming of the prior art and tool high industrial utilization.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, can modify above-described embodiment or changes.Therefore, such as have in art usually know the knowledgeable do not depart from complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought all equivalence modify or change, must be contained by claim of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a hollow shaft is swaged the method for designing of mould, described hollow shaft mould of swaging comprises the head of swaging being arranged on rotary swaging equipment, the multiple mould lobes (300) be uniformly distributed along the circumference, it is characterized in that, the design of described mould lobe (300) comprises the following steps:
A, the maximum outside diameter getting described hollow shaft (100) are D
max, the wall thickness at maximum outside diameter place is t, and minimum outer diameter is D
min, the length of described hollow shaft (100) is L; Design the outer diameter D of the blank seamless steel pipe (200) of described hollow shaft (100), make D
max<D<D
max+ 8mm; Equal with the cross-sectional area of described hollow shaft (100) maximum outside diameter by described blank seamless steel pipe (200) cross-sectional area, calculate the wall thickness T of described blank seamless steel pipe (200); The length of described blank seamless steel pipe (200) is equal with the length of described hollow shaft (100), is also L;
B, outer diameter D according to described blank seamless steel pipe (200), design the arc surface diameter of the highest portion position that described mould lobe (300) working face protrudes, i.e. the minimum diameter d of each arc surface on described mould lobe (300) working face
min, make D+1mm<d
min<D+5mm;
C, calculate the arc surface diameter d of the highest portion position that described mould lobe (300) working face protrudes
minwith the minimum outer diameter D of described hollow shaft (100)
mindifference A=d
min-D
min, and the axial line of the arc surface of the highest portion position that described mould lobe (300) working face protrudes is defined as the revolution axial line of described mould lobe (300) working face;
D, the external diameter getting described hollow shaft (100) i-th sections are D
i, calculate the diameter d of corresponding arc surface on described mould lobe (300) working face
i, make d
i=D
i+ A;
E, design the axial length of each section of arc surface on described mould lobe (300) working face, ensure that the length of each section of arc surface on described mould lobe (300) working face is equal with the length of the correspondent section of described hollow shaft (100);
F, design described mould lobe (300) two radial side planes, the cross section making described mould lobe (300) is symmetrical figure, the intersection getting two radial side planes of described mould lobe (300) is CC ', and the highest portion position that described mould lobe (300) working face protrudes and the spacing of described CC ' should be D
min/ 2.
2. hollow shaft according to claim 1 is swaged the method for designing of mould, it is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of:
What multiple mould lobes (300) of G, mould of described hollow shaft being swaged were arranged on rotary swaging equipment swages on head, set the rotating speed of described rotary swaging equipment, hammering frequency, the hammering amount of feeding, hammer force, start program of swaging, described hollow shaft mould of swaging is utilized described blank seamless steel pipe (200) to be swaged and be processed into the product of described hollow shaft (100), utilize cubing to detect the Form and position error of described product (100), correspondingly revise described hollow shaft for described product (100) underproof place and to swage die-face.
3. hollow shaft according to claim 1 and 2 is swaged the method for designing of mould, it is characterized in that: getting swage mould lobe (300) quantity of mould of described hollow shaft is Z, the angle of two radial side planes of described mould lobe (300) is θ, namely the axial wrapping angle of described mould lobe (300) is θ, then θ=360 ° ÷ Z.
4. hollow shaft according to claim 3 is swaged the method for designing of mould, it is characterized in that: 2≤Z≤6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410127391.3A CN103861987B (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2014-03-31 | Hollow shaft is swaged the method for designing of mould |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410127391.3A CN103861987B (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2014-03-31 | Hollow shaft is swaged the method for designing of mould |
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| CN103861987A CN103861987A (en) | 2014-06-18 |
| CN103861987B true CN103861987B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
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| US9982706B2 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-05-29 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method of manufacturing light rotor shaft for eco-friendly vehicles |
| CN105436372A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-30 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | Rotary forging manufacturing method for hollow shaft |
| CN106734797B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-06-04 | 上海理工大学 | A kind of variable-section variable wall thickness axis of swaging is swaged the determination method of mold finishing segment length |
| CN107030241A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-11 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of swager mould and its manufacture method |
| CN109108198B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-10-09 | 重庆建设工业(集团)有限责任公司 | Rotary radial forging method of large-diameter thin-walled tube |
| CN109158518B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-11-01 | 上海理工大学 | Constant velocity shaft is swaged the determination method of axial feed technological parameter containing plug |
| CN110883305B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-07-02 | 武汉科技大学 | Rotary swaging hammer head for processing hollow motor shaft |
| CN112238205A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-19 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Manufacturing method of heavy-duty automobile hollow half shaft and hollow half shaft |
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| CN103861987A (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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