CN103857027B - Power distribution method in satellite communication system - Google Patents
Power distribution method in satellite communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103857027B CN103857027B CN201410077472.7A CN201410077472A CN103857027B CN 103857027 B CN103857027 B CN 103857027B CN 201410077472 A CN201410077472 A CN 201410077472A CN 103857027 B CN103857027 B CN 103857027B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the power distribution method in a kind of satellite communication system, the satellite link budget equation first in satellite communication system, it is determined that each relation between user capacity and distribution power；Then power distribution problems in satellite communication communication system are modeled as to the convex optimization problem of a non-linear belt constraint accordingly；Finally according to dual theorem, optimal power allocation scheme is obtained by solving the dual problem of the optimization problem.Compared with traditional uniform or proportional power distribution method, power distribution method proposed by the present invention improves the fairness for distributing to the power of each user on the premise of keeping whole system capacity constant.Further, since the capacity of each user's distribution is calculated as in the present invention using satellite link budget equation, therefore its allocation result more has practicality in actual satellite communication system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource allocation, and in particular to the power distribution side in a kind of satellite communication system
Method.
Background technology
In modern satellite communications system, due to the limitation of satellite platform, the power resource on star is limited and valuable.
In order to better meet the business demand of user, it is necessary to improve the service efficiency of power resource.Due to the business of each user
Applications are different, and the channel condition of different user is also different.Therefore must be according to the business applications and channel bar of user
Part dynamically gives power resource different users to improve resource utilization.
Because power distribution has influence on the performance of whole satellite communication system, therefore it has obtained extensive research.As write
" water-filling algorithm " of name, the algorithm carries out power to maximize power system capacity as target according to the channel condition of each user
Distribution, the good user of channel condition will distribute more power resources, and the user of bad channel conditions will distribute less power
Resource.But this algorithm has an obvious shortcoming, that is, does not account for the business demand of each user, the channel of a user
Condition is although good, but its business demand amount very little, therefore the power resource more to its distribution can significantly cause to waste；One
Although the channel condition of individual user is poor, its business demand is distributed less power resource to it and significantly can than larger
Cause unjustness between power distribution.Therefore, J.P.Choi and V.W.S.Chan et al. are to minimize all customer services
The quadratic sum of the difference of demand and partition capacity is optimization aim, and power distribution problems are modeled as into a convex optimization problem, and
Influence of the different factors for power distribution result is analyzed.But they do not propose specific algorithm to solve this
Problem.Therefore, dichotomy and subgradient algorithm are applied to solve the optimization problem by Yang Hong and Qi Feng et al. respectively.On
The subject matter stated in research is that the relation of the power resource for being assigned to capacity and being assigned to of each user is to pass through
Shannon formula is determined, but Shannon capacity formula can not realized in actual satellite communication system, and it has theory
Reference significance, therefore, power distribution result is not optimal result in actual satellite communication system in above research.For
This, Apostolos Destounis et al. determine the capacity of user by actual satellite link accounting equation, then with most
The number of users that bigization meets capacity needs is criterion, to carry out power distribution.But it does not account for the whole volume of system
And be the fairness problem of each user's distribution power.
It is an object of the invention to make up the weak point in the studies above.The present invention in satellite communication system by using
Link budget equation determine the capacity of user, to minimize the flat of the partition capacity of all users and the difference of business applications
Side and for criterion, to carry out power optimization.The power distribution criterion that the present invention is selected will give business applications big user point
With more power resources, the fairness of power resource allocation is realized.Meanwhile, the criterion is same also to try one's best
Realize the maximization of power system capacity.Therefore, the power distribution criterion that the present invention is selected is in power system capacity maximum and power resource point
Compromise is taken between the fairness matched somebody with somebody.Further, since determine that user is assigned to obtain capacity in the present invention using link budget equation,
Therefore, the capacity that each user is assigned to can be realized in actual satellite communication system.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the power distribution method in a kind of satellite communication system, satellite communication system is solved
In power distribution problems, to improve the utilization ratio of system power resource.
The technical solution for realizing the object of the invention is：A kind of power distribution method in satellite communication system, distribution
Step is as follows：
Step 1：In the fairness power distribution model of satellite communication system, initialization dual variable λ and σ=[σ1,
σ2,…,σK] and each dual variable iteration step length；By each σiValue be set to 0, wherein i ∈ { 1,2 ..., K }, and
Its corresponding iteration step lengthIt is set to 0.001；The minimum user U of selection business applicationsj, the power to its distribution is Pj=
Ptotal·Tj/Ttotal, wherein TtotalFor the summation of all customer service applications, PtotalTo be total on satellite communication system culminant star
Power, TjFor user UjBusiness applications；It is then determined that going out dual variable λ initial value λ0, and its iteration step length is set
For λ0/100000；
Step 2：It is determined that the power resource of each user distribution after optimization
Step 3：According to the performance number for distributing to each user obtained in previous step, dual variable λ and σ are updatediValue；
Step 4：Judge whether following two condition meets simultaneously：WithTerminate whole assigning process if met simultaneously；
Otherwise, return to step 2.
The fairness power distribution model of satellite communication system in step 1 is：
s.t.
Step 1 and step 2 determine dual variable λ initial value and each user point after optimization according to equation below
It is fitted on to obtain power resource
Wherein, LiThe downlink loss of i-th of user is represented, it is mainly declined and polarized by free space loss, rain
The composition such as loss；(G/T)iRepresent the ratio between gain and equivalent noise temperature of i-th of user receiving equipment；GSRepresent satellite launch
The gain of antenna；K represents Boltzmann constant, and its value is 1.379 × 10-23W/KHz；αiRepresent the modulation of i-th of user's use
Coding mode；(Eb/N0)i、ρ(αi) and η (αi) modulating-coding pattern α is represented respectivelyiCorresponding demodulation threshold bit signal to noise ratio, rolling
By the factor and spectrum efficiency.
In step 3, the method for updating dual variable is
Wherein, [x]+=max{0,x}；N represents iterations；Δ represents the iteration step length of each dual variable；Represent
The power resource of each user distribution after optimization；PtotalThe total power resource of expression system；Represent the i-th wave beam
Total bandwidth；WjRepresent the bandwidth resources shared by j-th of user；Represent user's set included by i-th of wave beam.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage：User's distribution that it will give business applications big is more
Power resource, realizes the fairness of power resource allocation.Meanwhile, the algorithm it is same can also try one's best realize system
The maximization of capacity.Therefore the present invention can be in maximum one folding of the acquirement between the fairness of power resource allocation of power system capacity
In.In addition, the calculation of capacity formula used is obtained by satellite link budget equation, it is what each user distributed therefore
Capacity can be realized in actual satellite communication system, improve the practicality of allocation result.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the satellite communication system configuration diagram of the power distribution method of satellite communication system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of power distribution algorithm proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 3 be the power distribution method of satellite communication system of the present invention embodiment in using three kinds of different capacity distribution sides
During method, the amount of capacity that each user is assigned to.
Fig. 4 is calculated using different three kinds of power distributions in the embodiment of the power distribution method of satellite communication system of the present invention
During method, the capacity of each user distribution and its apply portfolio difference square.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
With reference to Fig. 1~4, if the power resource on the system culminant star can arbitrarily distribute to it is different in different beams
User, but the total bandwidth of each wave beam is fixed.Present invention mainly solves how to be different users in the downlink
The problem of distributing power on star, to improve the overall performance of system.Within the system, if system has K wave beam and M user.
Wherein each wave beam BiRepresent, i ∈ { 1,2 ..., K }；Each user uses UiRepresent, i ∈ { 1,2 ..., M }, and in wave beam Bi
In the collection of all users shareRepresent.General power is P on system culminant startotal.The business applications of i-th of user are
Ti, it is that power resource is P on the star of its distributioni。
In actual satellite communication system, each user information to be sent be by being sent out after modulating-coding,
The modulating-coding pattern used according to each user can determine the pass between the power resource of its capacity distributed and needs
System, rather than determine by the formula of Shannon capacity both relations.If the modulating-coding pattern that i-th of user uses for
αi, and its corresponding demodulation threshold bit signal to noise ratio is (Eb/N0)i.Just it can so be determined as i-th according to equation below
The capacity D of individual user's distributioni。
(C/N in above formula0)iThe ratio between downlink carrier and noise power spectral density for i-th of user, it can be by as follows
Satellite link budget equation is obtained.
L in above formulaiThe downlink loss of i-th of user is represented, it is mainly declined and polarized by free space loss, rain
The composition such as loss；(G/T)iRepresent the ratio between gain and equivalent noise temperature of i-th of user receiving equipment；GSRepresent satellite launch
The gain of antenna；K represents Boltzmann constant, and its value is 1.379 × 10-23W/KHz。
Formula (2) is substituted into formula (1), just can be obtained between capacity and distribution power for i-th of user's distribution
Relation.
When satellite communication system is fixed, the parameter in above formula (3) is except the power P distributed for each useriOutside, its
His parameter is all known quantity.Therefore it can be found that to be that the capacity that i-th of user distributes depends on being its point by above-mentioned two formula
Power P on the star matched somebody with somebodyiSize.When power increase in the star to user's distribution, its capacity is also with increase.But star
Upper power is limited, therefore the total capacity of whole system is also limited.In addition, for capacity that each user distributes it is same by
The limitation of bandwidth on to each wave beam star.As the capacity D of i-th of user's applicationiWith the modulating-coding pattern α of useiIt is known it
Afterwards, it is necessary to which the band for its distribution is a width of：
In above formula, η (αi) and ρ (αi) it is respectively modulating-coding pattern αiSpectrum efficiency and rolling by the factor.IfFor i-th
The bandwidth resources of individual beam allocation, the then total bandwidth that all users in it distribute is less than
The result that optimization aim chooses power distribution has important influence, and common to maximize system in existing research
Capacity of uniting is that optimization aim is different, square of the difference of the capacity of the business applications and distribution of the invention to minimize all users
With for optimization aim.The optimization aim can distribute relatively large capacity for the big user of business applications, to improve power point
Fairness between matching somebody with somebody.Meanwhile, what the optimization aim can also try one's best realizes the maximization of power system capacity.Therefore, this hair
Bright selection optimization aim takes compromise between power system capacity maximum and the fairness of power resource allocation.According to above-mentioned optimization mesh
Mark, establishes the fairness power distribution model in following satellite communication system.
s.t.
Constraints (6) is expressed as the capacity of each user's distribution not over the portfolio that it is applied, to prevent
The situation that power resource is wasted, the general power that constraints (7) is expressed as all user's distribution should not exceed the total work on star
Rate, the total bandwidth for all users distribution that constraints (8) is expressed as in same wave beam should not exceed the total bandwidth of wave beam.
Object function (5) is a convex function, and constraints (6)-(8) are linear functions.Therefore the optimization is one convex
Optimization problem.Because the problem is non-linear belt restricted problem, its optimal solution of direct solution is relatively difficult, therefore can be by it
Dual problem is solved.Convex optimization has the optimal value of good property, i.e. its dual problem to be also primal problem optimal value,
After the optimal solution of dual problem is solved, just can easily it be obtained on the basis of the optimal solution of dual problem original
The optimal solution of problem.Therefore, first introducing dual variable λ and σ=[σ1,σ2,…,σK], produce Lagrangian：
P=[P in above formula1,P2,…,Pn]。
Lagrange duality function can be obtained according to formula (9), i.e.,：
And the dual problem of former problem：
Its dual problem can be divided into following two subproblems to solve again.
Subproblem 1- power distributions：Given dual variable λ and σ=[σ1,σ2,…,σK], for arbitrary i ∈ 1,2 ...,
M }, to formula (9) on PiDerivation is carried out, following equation is obtained：
Subproblem 2- dual variables update：Optimal dual variable can be tried to achieve by solving following problem：
Because dual function is convex function, therefore it can be updated using following sub- gradient method：
In above formula [x]+=max { 0, x }, n are iterationses, and Δ is the iteration step length of each dual variable.
The allocation step of whole power resource is as follows：
Step 1：First initialize dual variable λ and σ=[σ1,σ2,…,σK] and each dual variable step-length.Will be each
σiValue be set to 0, wherein i ∈ { 1,2 ..., K }, and its iteration step lengthIt is set to 0.001.Selection business applications are most
Small user Uj, the power to its distribution is Pj=Ptotal·Tj/Ttotal, wherein TtotalFor the total of all customer service applications
With.Then dual variable λ initial value λ is determined according to formula (12)0, and its iteration step length is set to λ0/100000。
Step 2：According to formula (12), the power resource of the distribution of each user after optimization is obtained.
Step 3：The performance number for distributing to each user obtained by step (2) is brought into formula (14) and formula
(15) value of dual variable, is updated.
Step 4：Judge whether following two condition meets simultaneously：WithTerminate whole assigning process if met simultaneously,
Otherwise step 2 is skipped to, proceeds iteration renewal.
4 steps more than, can finally give after optimization be each user distribution power resource.Whole work(
The flow chart of rate allocation algorithm is as shown in Figure 2.
Illustrate the effect of the present invention with following one embodiment below.Each user in embodiment Satellite communication system
Downlink loss Li, receiving device gain and equivalent noise temperature ratio (G/T)iAnd the modulating-coding pattern α of selectioni
All, the occurrence of each parameter is as shown in the table in system：
The parameter of the satellite communication system of table 1
| Parameter | Parameter value |
| Wave beam number | 4 |
| Number of users | 20 |
| Number of users in each wave beam | 5 |
| The business applications of each user | From 1Mbps to 20Mbps, stepping 1Mbps |
| Satellite general power [Ptotal] | 20W |
| Satellite transmitting antenna gain [GS] | 20000 |
| The bandwidth of each wave beam | 100MHz |
| The gain of user receiving equipment and equivalent noise temperature ratio [G/T] | 20 |
| User's downlink loss [Li] | 2e15 |
| Spectrum efficiency [η (the α of modulating-coding patterni)] | 1.5 |
| The rolling of modulating-coding pattern is by coefficient [ρ (αi)] | 1 |
| Corresponding thresholding demodulation bit the signal to noise ratio [(E of modulating-coding patternb/N0)i] | 2.63 |
Process in accordance with the present invention 1 can determine initial dual variable λ0=9.61e5, the iteration step length of selectionThen it is iterated according to allocation step, when iterating to the 36th time, meets algorithm iteration termination condition, now
Terminate iterative process, obtain as each user power resource value.
In order to embody the validity of power distribution method proposed by the present invention, it is distributed with following two conventional powers and calculated
Method is contrasted：
1st, even power distribution method：Power resource is averagely allocated to each user.
2nd, proportional power distribution method：Power resource is taken into all business applications according to each customer service applications
Ratio distribute.
The total capacity of system when table 2 uses three kinds of different capacity allocation algorithms
| Distribution method | ∑Ci |
| Even power is distributed | 109.1Mbps |
| Proportional power is distributed | 109.1Mbps |
| Power distribution proposed by the present invention | 109.1Mbps |
Table 3 using the capacity of all users distribution during three kinds of different capacity allocation algorithms and its apply for the difference of portfolio
Quadratic sum
| Distribution method | ∑(Ti-Ci)2 |
| Even power is distributed | 1.134E15 |
| Proportional power is distributed | 6.627E14 |
| Power distribution proposed by the present invention | 5.470E14 |
When Fig. 2 is shown using three kinds of different capacity distribution methods, the amount of capacity that each user is assigned to.Table 2 is shown
Using overall system capacity during three kinds of different capacity allocation algorithms.When Fig. 3 is shown using different three kinds of power distribution algorithms,
The capacity of each user's distribution and its apply portfolio difference square.Table 3 is shown using three kinds of different capabilities allocation algorithms
When, the capacity of all users distribution and its apply portfolio difference quadratic sum.By Fig. 2 it can be found that proposed by the present invention
Power distribution algorithm will give the big user of business applications to provide more capacity.And due to calculation of capacity function and distribution
Power between be linear relationship, therefore the overall system capacity that three kinds of power distribution algorithms are obtained is the same, as shown in table 2.Due to
Power distribution algorithm proposed by the present invention can give the big user of business applications to distribute more capacity, therefore for business application
For the big user of amount, the difference of its business applications and partition capacity square can be smaller than other two kinds of distribution methods.In addition, institute
With the difference of customer service applications and partition capacity square be also it is minimum, as shown in table 3.In other words, it is proposed by the present invention
Power algorithm is better than other two power distribution algorithms in terms of fairness.
Claims (1)
1. the power distribution method in a kind of satellite communication system, it is characterised in that allocation step is as follows：
Step 1：In the fairness power distribution model of satellite communication system, initialization dual variable λ and σ=[σ1,σ2,…,
σK] and each dual variable iteration step length Δ；By each σiValue be set to 0, wherein i ∈ { 1,2 ..., K }, K is system
Numbers of beams, and its corresponding iteration step lengthIt is set to 0.001, n and represents iterations；Selection business applications are minimum
User Uj, the power to its distribution is Pj=Ptotal·Tj/Ttotal, wherein TtotalFor the total of all customer service applications
With PtotalFor general power, T on satellite communication system culminant starjFor user UjBusiness applications；It is then determined that going out dual variable λ
Initial value λ0, and its iteration step length is set to λ0/100000：
The fairness power distribution model of wherein satellite communication system is：
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Wherein, DiRepresent the capacity of i-th of user's application；M represents user's number；Represent the total bandwidth of jth wave beam；WiRepresent
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Wherein, LiThe downlink loss of i-th of user is represented, (G/T)iRepresent the gain of i-th of user receiving equipment with it is equivalent
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<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<msup>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&lambda;</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>M</mi>
</munderover>
<msubsup>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&Delta;</mi>
<mi>&sigma;</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<munder>
<mi>&Sigma;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>&Element;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
</msub>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
1
Wherein, [x]+=max { 0, x }；N represents iterations；Represent the total bandwidth of the i-th wave beam；WjRepresent j-th of user institute
The bandwidth resources of occupancy；Represent user's set included by i-th of wave beam；M represents user's number；
Step 4：Judge whether following two condition meets simultaneously：|λn+1(Ptotal-∑iPi) | ＜ ε and Terminate whole assigning process if met simultaneously；Otherwise, return to step 2.
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| CN105429692B (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2018-09-04 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | For the combined optimization algorithm of frequency conversion satellite power and repeater gain shelves |
| CN105846887B (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2019-02-15 | 南京大学 | Bandwidth and power coordination distribution method in a kind of intersatellite communication link |
| CN107086885B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2020-05-19 | 东南大学 | Energy-efficient power distribution method for hybrid energy power supply distributed antenna system |
| CN108668352B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2021-01-08 | 浙江大学 | Ocean communication QoS guarantee method based on multi-beam power distribution |
| CN109450498B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-05-04 | 南京邮电大学 | Beam hopping method of high-throughput satellite communication system |
| CN112803986B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-05-27 | 东方红卫星移动通信有限公司 | Multi-beam power dynamic allocation method, communication equipment and low-earth-orbit satellite communication system |
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