CN103855772B - Mobile terminal and charge control method thereof - Google Patents

Mobile terminal and charge control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103855772B
CN103855772B CN201410099321.1A CN201410099321A CN103855772B CN 103855772 B CN103855772 B CN 103855772B CN 201410099321 A CN201410099321 A CN 201410099321A CN 103855772 B CN103855772 B CN 103855772B
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temperature
battery
mobile terminal
charging
user
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CN103855772A (en
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袁敏
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Nubia Technology Co Ltd
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Nubia Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of mobile terminal, comprising: detection module, for detecting the temperature of the battery of mobile terminal;Comparison module, for receiving the temperature of the battery of detection module transmission, and compares the relation between temperature and the default temperature of described battery;Processing module, for according to the comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, determines that the charging of battery adjusts parameter;Charging adjusting module, for adjusting parameter according to described charging, adjusts the charging current of battery.The present invention also provides for a kind of mobile terminal charging control method.Use the present invention, it is possible to reduce charging current, so that battery surface temperature declines, promote battery security, be possible not only to effectively protect battery, but also extend battery.

Description

Mobile terminal and charge control method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of mobile terminals, particularly to a kind of mobile terminal and charge control method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of intelligent terminal and universal, increasing user selects to use the mobile terminals such as mobile phone to carry out Working office or life & amusement.User not only payes attention to the function of mobile phone, values the most very much the battery durable situation of mobile phone.
At present, the method for extending cell phone power-on time realizes mainly by rechargeable battery.
In being typically filled with electric process, temperature is considerable ambient parameter.When the temperature of charging process is too high, not only can Have influence on the quality of charging, be also easy to shorten the life-span of battery.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of mobile terminal and charge control method thereof, Battery is charged, and after the temperature of battery reaches certain value, charging current can be adjusted according to the temperature of battery, reduce battery Loss.
It is as follows that the present invention solves the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem used:
A kind of mobile terminal, comprising:
Battery, described battery includes battery core, protection circuit, positive terminal, negative terminal and NTC terminal;
Detection module, described detection module includes that critesistor, described critesistor one end are connected with described negative terminal, The other end is connected with NTC terminal, and described critesistor is connected with the divider resistance of described Mobile terminal main board, is used for detecting shifting The temperature of the battery of dynamic terminal;
Comparison module, for receiving the temperature of the battery of detection module transmission, and compares the temperature of described battery with default Temperature between relation;
Processing module, for according to the comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery and described battery Chemical characteristic, determines that the charging of battery adjusts parameter;And
Charging adjusting module, for adjusting parameter according to described charging, adjusts the charging current of battery.
Preferably, the different comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, corresponding different battery Charging adjust parameter.
Preferably, the different comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, corresponding at least two is not The charging of same battery adjusts parameter.
A kind of mobile terminal charging control method, comprising:
By the temperature of the battery of detection module detection mobile terminal, described detection module includes critesistor, described heat Quick resistance one end is connected with the negative terminal of battery, and the other end is connected with the NTC terminal of battery, and described critesistor is with described The divider resistance series connection of Mobile terminal main board;
The relatively relation between temperature and the default temperature of described battery;
The comparative result between temperature and default temperature according to described battery and the chemical characteristic of described battery, determine The charging of battery adjusts parameter;
Adjust parameter according to described charging, adjust the charging current of battery.
Preferably, the different comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, corresponding different battery Charging adjust parameter.
Preferably, the different comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, corresponding at least two is not The charging of same battery adjusts parameter.
A kind of mobile terminal, comprising:
Battery, described battery includes battery core, protection circuit, positive terminal, negative terminal and NTC terminal;
Detection module, described detection module includes that critesistor, described critesistor one end are connected with described negative terminal, The other end is connected with NTC terminal, and described critesistor is connected with the divider resistance of described Mobile terminal main board, is used for detecting shifting The temperature of the battery of dynamic terminal;
Body temperature sensing module, for detecting the body temperature of user;
Comparison module, for receiving the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user, and compares relation therebetween;
Processing module, for according to the comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery and described battery Chemical characteristic, determines that the charging of battery adjusts parameter;And
Charging adjusting module, for adjusting parameter according to described charging, adjusts the charging current of battery.
Preferably, described mobile terminal, it also includes:
Action recognition module, falls state for detect mobile terminal, then starts detection module.
Preferably, described mobile terminal, it also includes:
Sound recognition module, has default wording for gathering and identifying that the sound of user is the most no, the most then starts inspection Survey module.
A kind of mobile terminal charging control method, comprising:
By the temperature of the battery of detection module detection mobile terminal, described detection module includes critesistor, described heat Quick resistance one end is connected with the negative terminal of battery, and the other end is connected with the NTC terminal of battery, and described critesistor is with described The divider resistance series connection of Mobile terminal main board;
The body temperature of detection user;
Receive the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user, and compare relation therebetween;
The comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user according to described battery and the chemical characteristic of described battery, determine The charging of battery adjusts parameter;
Adjust parameter according to described charging, adjust the charging current of battery.
Use the present invention, by the relation between temperature and the default temperature of relatively described battery, determine filling of battery Electricity adjustment parameter, and adjust the charging current of battery accordingly, and then control the temperature of battery, such as reduce charging current, thus Make battery surface temperature decline, promote battery security, be possible not only to effectively protect battery, but also extend battery and use the longevity Life.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The module diagram of a kind of mobile terminal that Fig. 1 provides for first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the battery of mobile terminal shown in Fig. 1.
The schematic flow sheet of a kind of mobile terminal charging control method that Fig. 3 provides for first embodiment of the invention.
The module diagram of a kind of mobile terminal that Fig. 4 provides for fifth embodiment of the invention.
The schematic flow sheet of a kind of mobile terminal charging control method that Fig. 5 provides for fifth embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that described herein Specific embodiment only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment one:
Refer to Fig. 1, the module diagram of its a kind of mobile terminal provided for first embodiment of the invention.
A kind of mobile terminal, comprising: detection module 10, comparison module 20, processing module 30, and charging adjusting module 40。
Wherein, detection module 10, for detecting the temperature of the battery of mobile terminal.Described detection module 10 can be arranged at The periphery of the battery of mobile terminal, or the battery of laminating mobile terminal.Detection module 10 can be temperature sensing circuit, it is possible to Think temperature sensor.In the present embodiment one, as a example by detection module 10 is as temperature sensing circuit, illustrate.Temperature Testing circuit includes that critesistor, divider resistance, voltage read unit, temperature conversion unit.Refer to Fig. 2, mobile terminal Battery includes battery core 11, protection circuit 12, positive terminal 13, negative terminal 14, and NTC terminal 15.Battery core 11, protection circuit 12 is parallel with one another.Critesistor 16 one end connects negative terminal 14, and the other end connects NTC terminal 15.Critesistor 16 is with mobile Divider resistance series connection on terminal mainboard.Critesistor 16 is NTC temperature detection resistance.Protection circuit 12 at battery increases NTC temperature detection resistance, simultaneously battery lead NTC resistance detection terminal, in the case of ambient temperature is changed, NTC temperature Detection resistance reduces along with temperature rises high value, and the divider resistance of this NTC temperature detection resistance and mainboard is connected, NTC temperature The resistance of degree detection resistance is different, and the voltage of dividing potential drop is different.The power management chip (voltage reading unit) of mobile terminal passes through Divider resistance reads the magnitude of voltage at the two ends of NTC temperature detection resistance, converts analog signals into digital signal, temperature conversion Unit distinguishes the magnitude of voltage of correspondence under different temperatures by ADC value software, changes same reason, such as by searching temperature Degree and the synopsis of magnitude of voltage.
Comparison module 20, for receiving the temperature of the battery of detection module transmission, and compares the temperature of described battery with pre- If temperature between relation, and by between temperature and the default temperature of described battery comparative result transmit to processing module 30.Relation between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, including the relation of various ways, such as size, or falls into The scope of the temperature preset, or outside default temperature range.Comparison module 20 can be hardware, such as central processing unit (CPU) or other circuit, it is also possible to be software, it is also possible to be the combination of hardware and software.
Processing module 30, for according to the comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, determines battery Charging adjust parameter.Such as, if the comparative result between the temperature of described battery and default temperature is, the temperature of battery Far above the temperature preset, it is determined that the charging current parameter (being greatly reduced compared to current charging current) of battery;If Comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery is, a little higher than default temperature of temperature of battery, it is determined that The charging current parameter (slightly reducing compared to current charging current) of battery;If the temperature of described battery falls default In temperature range, it is determined that the charging of battery adjusts parameter, such as keeps current charged state.
Or, the different comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, corresponding different battery Charging adjusts parameter.Such as: owing to the chemical characteristic of battery is under the conditions of low temperature less than 10 DEG C, activity is deteriorated, described battery 10 DEG C (temperature preset) below, then corresponding employing is charged temperature less than 0.2C (charging adjusts parameter) electric current;Institute Stating the temperature of battery under the conditions of 10 DEG C~23 DEG C (temperature preset), the corresponding 0.5C of employing (charging adjusts parameter) electric current is carried out Charging;The temperature of described battery, under the conditions of 23 DEG C~45 DEG C (temperature preset), uses 0.7C (charging adjusts parameter) electric current It is charged;The temperature of described battery is under the conditions of 45 DEG C~55 DEG C (temperature preset), and electrolyte activity is the highest, mobile phone PA core Sheet temperature can raise, and heat passes to battery surface, adds that battery charge temperature raises, and causes battery surface temperature to raise, right It is even lower that the charging current answered needs to drop to 0.5C (charging adjusts parameter).
Or, the different comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, corresponding at least two is different Battery charging adjust parameter.It can be that type is different that the charging of different batteries adjusts parameter, it is also possible to be to vary in size.
Charging adjusting module 40, for adjusting parameter according to described charging, adjusts the charging current of battery.
Referring to Fig. 3, it shows for the flow process of a kind of mobile terminal charging control method that first embodiment of the invention provides It is intended to.
A kind of mobile terminal charging control method, it comprises the following steps:
Step S1, the temperature of battery of detection mobile terminal.
Specifically, by the temperature of the battery of detection module detection mobile terminal.Described detection module can be arranged at shifting The periphery of the battery of dynamic terminal, or the battery of laminating mobile terminal.Detection module can be temperature sensing circuit, it is also possible to for Temperature sensor.In the present embodiment one, as a example by detection module is as temperature sensing circuit, illustrate.
Relation between temperature and the default temperature of battery described in step S2, comparison.
Specifically, received the temperature of the battery of detection module transmission by comparison module, and compare the temperature of described battery And the relation between default temperature.Relation between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, including various ways, such as The relation of size, or fall into the scope of default temperature, or outside default temperature range.Comparison module can be hard Part, such as central processing unit (CPU) or other circuit, it is also possible to be software, it is also possible to be the combination of hardware and software.
Step S3, according to the comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, determine that the charging of battery is adjusted Whole parameter.
Specifically, by processing module according to the comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, determine The charging of battery adjusts parameter.Such as, if the comparative result between the temperature of described battery and default temperature is, battery Temperature is far above the temperature preset, it is determined that the charging current parameter (being greatly reduced compared to current charging current) of battery; If the comparative result between the temperature of described battery and default temperature is, a little higher than default temperature of temperature of battery, then Determine the charging current parameter (slightly reducing compared to current charging current) of battery;If the temperature of described battery falls in advance Within the temperature range of if, it is determined that the charging of battery adjusts parameter, such as keeps current charged state.
Or, the different comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, corresponding different battery Charging adjusts parameter.Such as: owing to the chemical characteristic of battery is under the conditions of low temperature less than 10 DEG C, activity is deteriorated, described battery 10 DEG C (temperature preset) below, then corresponding employing is charged temperature less than 0.2C (charging adjusts parameter) electric current;Institute Stating the temperature of battery under the conditions of 10 DEG C~23 DEG C (temperature preset), the corresponding 0.5C of employing (charging adjusts parameter) electric current is carried out Charging;The temperature of described battery, under the conditions of 23 DEG C~45 DEG C (temperature preset), uses 0.7C (charging adjusts parameter) electric current It is charged;The temperature of described battery is under the conditions of 45 DEG C~55 DEG C (temperature preset), and electrolyte activity is the highest, mobile phone PA core Sheet temperature can raise, and heat passes to battery surface, adds that battery charge temperature raises, and causes battery surface temperature to raise, right It is even lower that the charging current answered needs to drop to 0.5C (charging adjusts parameter).
Or, the different comparative result between temperature and the default temperature of described battery, corresponding at least two is different Battery charging adjust parameter.It can be that type is different that the charging of different batteries adjusts parameter, it is also possible to be to vary in size.
Step S4, according to described charging adjust parameter, adjust battery charging current.
Specifically, adjust parameter by charging adjusting module according to described charging, adjust the charging current of battery.
Compared to prior art, by the relation between temperature and the default temperature of relatively described battery, determine battery Charging adjust parameter, and adjust the charging current of battery accordingly, and then control the temperature of battery, such as reduce charging current, So that battery surface temperature declines, promote battery security, be possible not only to effectively protect battery, but also extend battery and use Life-span.
Embodiment two:
Compared to embodiment one, the difference of the two is:
In embodiment two, detection module is temperature sensor.
Embodiment three:
Compared to embodiment one, the difference of the two is:
In embodiment three, detection module includes temperature sensing circuit and temperature sensor.Detection module is to comparison module Numerical value bigger in the temperature of the battery of the detected mobile terminal of both output temperature testing circuit and temperature sensor.
Or, in embodiment three, detection module includes temperature sensing circuit and temperature sensor.Detection module is to comparing The temperature of the battery of the detected mobile terminal of both module output temperature testing circuit and temperature sensor.
Comparison module, selects in the temperature of battery of the detected mobile terminal of both temperature sensing circuit and temperature sensor Bigger numerical value, and it is compared with default temperature.
Embodiment four:
Compared to embodiment one, the difference of the two is:
In embodiment four, described mobile terminal also includes: action recognition module or sound recognition module.
Action recognition module, falls state for detect mobile terminal, then starts detection module.
Sound recognition module, has default wording for gathering and identifying that the sound of user is the most no, the most then starts inspection Survey module.Such as, user picks up mobile terminal, shouts " good heat!", and the wording preset includes " hot " word, then start detection mould Block.
In the present embodiment, detection module may be at resting state, and its startup can be by action recognition module or sound Sound identification module triggers, and can reach the effect of power saving.
Embodiment five:
Refer to Fig. 4, the module diagram of its a kind of mobile terminal provided for fifth embodiment of the invention.
A kind of mobile terminal, comprising: detection module 100, body temperature sensing module 200, comparison module 300, processing module 400, and charging adjusting module 500.
Wherein, detection module 100, for detecting the temperature of the battery of mobile terminal.Described detection module 100 can be arranged In the periphery of the battery of mobile terminal, or the battery of laminating mobile terminal.Detection module 100 can be temperature sensing circuit And/or temperature sensor.
Body temperature sensing module 200, for detecting the body temperature of user.The body temperature of described user includes the temperature of hands.Or use The body temperature at family includes the temperature of the skin surface of user.Body temperature sensing module 200 can be arranged on the shell of mobile terminal, or Person's periphery.Preferably, body temperature sensing module 200 includes fingerprint identification unit, is held in mobile terminal for gathering and judging Whether contact is the finger of user, the most then body temperature sensing module 200 detects the temperature of finger of user.
Comparison module 300, for receiving the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user, and compares relation therebetween, And comparative result therebetween is transmitted to processing module 400.Comparison module can be hardware, such as central processing unit (CPU) or other circuit, it is also possible to be software, it is also possible to be the combination of hardware and software.
Processing module 400, for according to the comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery, determines battery Charging adjust parameter.Such as, if the comparative result between the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user is, described battery Difference between temperature and the body temperature of user is more than predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the charging current parameter of battery is (compared to current Charging current is greatly reduced);Difference between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery is less than predetermined threshold value, it is determined that battery Charging adjust parameter, such as keep current charged state.
Or, the different comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery, corresponding different battery Charging adjusts parameter.
Or, the different comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery, corresponding at least two is different Battery charging adjust parameter.It can be that type is different that the charging of different batteries adjusts parameter, it is also possible to be to vary in size.
Charging adjusting module 500, for adjusting parameter according to described charging, adjusts the charging voltage and current of battery.
Referring to Fig. 5, it shows for the flow process of a kind of mobile terminal charging control method that fifth embodiment of the invention provides It is intended to.
A kind of mobile terminal charging control method, it comprises the following steps:
Step S11, the temperature of battery of detection mobile terminal.
Specifically, by the temperature of the battery of detection module detection mobile terminal.Described detection module can be arranged at The periphery of the battery of mobile terminal, or the battery of laminating mobile terminal.Detection module can be temperature sensor.
Step S12, the body temperature of detection user.
Specifically, by the body temperature of body temperature sensing module detection user.The body temperature of described user includes the temperature of hands.Or The body temperature of person user includes the temperature of the skin surface of user.Body temperature sensing module can be arranged on the shell of mobile terminal, Or periphery.
Step S13, receive the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user, and compare relation therebetween.
Specifically, received the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user by comparison module, and compare therebetween Relation, and comparative result therebetween is transmitted to processing module.Comparison module can be hardware, such as central processing unit (CPU) or other circuit, it is also possible to be software, it is also possible to be the combination of hardware and software.
Step S14, according to the comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery, determine that the charging of battery is adjusted Whole parameter.
Specifically, by processing module according to the comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery, really The charging determining battery adjusts parameter.Such as, if the comparative result between the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user is, described Difference between temperature and the body temperature of user of battery is more than predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the charging current parameter of battery (compared to Current charging current is greatly reduced);Difference between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery is less than predetermined threshold value, the most really The charging determining battery adjusts parameter, such as keeps current charged state.
Or, the different comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery, corresponding different battery Charging adjusts parameter.
Or, the different comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery, corresponding at least two is different Battery charging adjust parameter.It can be that type is different that the charging of different batteries adjusts parameter, it is also possible to be to vary in size.
Step S15, according to described charging adjust parameter, adjust battery charging current.
Specifically, adjust parameter by charging adjusting module according to described charging, adjust the charging current of battery.
Compared to previous embodiment, the present embodiment will compare between temperature and the body temperature of user of battery, and according to Comparative result, adjusts the charging current of battery, and then the temperature of control battery, the gripping sense to mobile terminal of being more close to the users It is subject to.Because the temperature of battery or heat can be delivered to the shell of mobile terminal so that user is when contacting mobile terminal, it is possible to Experience.Temperature is the highest, or heat is the warmmest, for a user, experiences for non-good, and the present embodiment just can solve institute State problem.
In each embodiment above-mentioned, described mobile terminal can be electronics arbitrary, that can communicate with other equipment Device, including, but not limited to: PC, handheld device, electronic plane, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, net Network household electrical appliances (network appliances), camera, video camera, smart mobile phone, network base station, media player, navigator, Electronic mail equipment, game station, automatic information system (the such as entertainment systems of band control panel) and aforementioned device Combination.
Illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention above by reference to accompanying drawing, not thereby limit to the interest field of the present invention.This Skilled person, without departing from the scope of the present invention and essence, can have multiple flexible program to realize the present invention, for example as one The feature of individual embodiment can be used for another embodiment and obtains another embodiment.All institutes within the technology design using the present invention Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement made, all should be within the interest field of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. a mobile terminal, it is characterised in that including:
Battery, described battery includes battery core, protection circuit, positive terminal, negative terminal and NTC terminal;
Detection module, described detection module includes that critesistor, voltage read unit and temperature conversion unit, described critesistor One end is connected with described negative terminal, and the other end is connected with NTC terminal, and described critesistor and described Mobile terminal main board Divider resistance is connected, and described voltage is read unit and read the magnitude of voltage at described critesistor two ends by described divider resistance, Converting analog signals into digital signal, voltage is converted into temperature output by described temperature conversion unit, is used for detecting and moves eventually The temperature of the battery of end;
Body temperature sensing module, for detecting the body temperature of user;
Comparison module, for receiving the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user, and compares relation therebetween;
Processing module, for according to the comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery and the chemistry of described battery Characteristic, determines that the charging of battery adjusts parameter;And
Charging adjusting module, for adjusting parameter according to described charging, adjusts the charging current of battery.
Mobile terminal the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery Different comparative results, the charging of corresponding different battery adjusts parameter.
Mobile terminal the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that between temperature and the body temperature of user of described battery Different comparative results, the charging of the battery that corresponding at least two is different adjusts parameter.
Mobile terminal the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include:
Action recognition module, falls state for detect mobile terminal, then starts detection module.
Mobile terminal the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include:
Sound recognition module, has default wording for gathering and identifying that the sound of user is the most no, the most then starts detection mould Block.
Mobile terminal the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described mobile terminal is in charged state.
Mobile terminal the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described detection module includes temperature sensing circuit and temperature Degree sensor, detection module is to the electricity of the detected mobile terminal of both comparison module output temperature testing circuit and temperature sensor Numerical value bigger in the temperature in pond.
Mobile terminal the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described detection module includes temperature sensing circuit and temperature Degree sensor, detection module is to the electricity of the detected mobile terminal of both comparison module output temperature testing circuit and temperature sensor The temperature in pond;
Comparison module, is further used for the battery of the detected mobile terminal of both selection temperature sensing circuit and temperature sensor Numerical value bigger in temperature, and it is compared with the body temperature of user.
9. a mobile terminal charging control method, it is characterised in that including:
By the temperature of the battery of detection module detection mobile terminal, it is single that described detection module includes that critesistor, voltage read Unit and temperature conversion unit, described critesistor one end is connected with the negative terminal of battery, and the other end connects with the NTC terminal of battery Connecing, and described critesistor is connected with the divider resistance of described Mobile terminal main board, described voltage reads unit by described point Piezoresistance reads the magnitude of voltage at described critesistor two ends, converts analog signals into digital signal, described temperature conversion list Voltage is converted into temperature output by unit;
The body temperature of detection user;
Receive the temperature of described battery and the body temperature of user, and compare relation therebetween;
The comparative result between temperature and the body temperature of user according to described battery and the chemical characteristic of described battery, determine battery Charging adjust parameter;
Adjust parameter according to described charging, adjust the charging current of battery.
Mobile terminal charging control method the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the temperature of described battery and use Different comparative result between the body temperature at family, the charging of corresponding different battery adjusts parameter.
11. mobile terminal charging control methods according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the temperature of described battery and use Different comparative result between the body temperature at family, the charging of the battery that corresponding at least two is different adjusts parameter.
CN201410099321.1A 2014-03-18 2014-03-18 Mobile terminal and charge control method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN103855772B (en)

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