CN1038540A - The method of production superconduction and the method and apparatus of automatically controlled superconduction - Google Patents
The method of production superconduction and the method and apparatus of automatically controlled superconduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN1038540A CN1038540A CN89103762A CN89103762A CN1038540A CN 1038540 A CN1038540 A CN 1038540A CN 89103762 A CN89103762 A CN 89103762A CN 89103762 A CN89103762 A CN 89103762A CN 1038540 A CN1038540 A CN 1038540A
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- circuit
- superconducting
- electric current
- superconductor
- commutate
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N D-alpha-tocopherylacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001439 Opuntia Species 0.000 description 1
- MGYPLPRYNYINRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu]=O.[Sr].[La] Chemical compound [Cu]=O.[Sr].[La] MGYPLPRYNYINRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTGZYWWSOPEHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Cu].[Y].[Ba] Chemical compound [O].[Cu].[Y].[Ba] BTGZYWWSOPEHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002168 ethanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910009116 xCuO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Landscapes
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Superconductor Devices And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Adopt improved scorching hot process to make electric conductor produce the method for permanent superconductivity.Except can make metallic conductor like this, and can make the synthetic material of conduction have permanent superconductivity.The present invention also is provided at the method and apparatus that makes electric current excite, change and/or commutate in the circuit that superconductor constitutes, and principle is to make all or part of non-superconducting state that becomes of described circuit, but under this state the electric current in the circuit with regard to regulated at will.
Description
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of production has the electric conductor of permanent superconductivity, so-called superconduction i.e. this electric conductor does not have ohimc resistance.
To the temperature near absolute zero, this electric conductor just no longer has ohimc resistance with an electric conductor (as copper) deep cooling.
Contain the electric conducting material that various different elemental compositions and a kind of rare earth metal combine, as yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa
2Cu
3O
7) or lanthanum strontium copper oxygen (La
2-xSr
xCuO
4), its ohimc resistance will disappear near 100 ° of K the time.
The various chemical elements that mix with pulverulence by special ratios can combine when accepting heat energy.This heat treatment is called " scorching hot " or " baking ", ties up under the temperature (being higher than crystallization temperature) higher in the stove to carry out.Usually except giving heat energy, also the form with mechanical pressure applies mechanical energy, as the hot pressing connection.
Scorching hot stage in the past after, stove stops heating, makes material do several hours slow cooling in stove and (consults publication " Wave Spectrum " in May, 1988 number of IEEE IEEE; And " superconduction ", ArnoNoldechen work, Econ publishing house 1988, Dusseldorf city, ISBN International Standard Book Number 3-430-17155-5).
Connect the general superconductor of making according to this known method, its shortcoming is necessary deep cooling so that obtain and the maintenance superconducting property, so that hinders them to quote on a large scale at industrial quilt, particularly is used on the moving component, as is used on the rotor of motor.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly that a kind of method of producing superconductor will be provided, and this material at room temperature can present superconductivity, therefore need not cool off.
The advantage of this " temperature " superconductor or permanent superconductor is that application is extensive, and the energy consumption of electrical equipment is reduced.
The method that the present invention is used for producing permanent superconductor have one with people up to now the known scorching hot process of the diverse improvement of scorching hot process.
According to the present invention, material before crystallization stage, must be accepted a kind of heat treatment of preferably naming with " thermal shock " speech at (as at 900 ℃ the time) after the scorching hot process.
Material must be chilled to well below solidifying point (as being 50 ° of K) from being higher than crystallization temperature (as being 900 ℃) speed in second in some thousandths of in this processing.This can accomplish, for example material is immersed in the liquid nitrogen, or any other can be in the rapid suitable media of getting rid of of heat.
In above-mentioned heat treatment, electronic spin can so be led, and makes material no longer have ohimc resistance when room temperature.
Have only when material is heated to asymptotic Curie temperature again, material just can lose its superconductivity.Except the metallic conduction material, said method also can be used for the synthetic material that conducts electricity, is the polymer of matrix with iodine and poly-acetic acid esters for example.This speed per hour cold (" thermal shock ") must be carried out before polymerization or solidification stages.
Superconducting circuit mainly is to use so generally speaking: an electric current is fed in the coil of being made by superconductor, and then with this coil short, after this this circuit promptly no longer has ohimc resistance.Reason that why electric current can continue to flow under the situation that does not have electric energy to supply with that Here it is.The magnetic field that is generated is static like this, and its shortcoming is to need certain hour the electric current in the superconducting circuit is produced or variation.So fast-changing technology application is done in many magnetic fields that need on magnetic force and direction, just can not be used this method.
For application places as far as possible widely being provided for the permanent superconductor of producing according to the present invention, the invention still further relates to a kind of method that electric current in the superconducting circuit is excited, changes and/or commutates.The feature of this method is all or part of non-superconducting state that becomes that makes described circuit, and the electric current under this state in the described circuit can be excited, and changes or commutation.
Different with so-called " cold superconductor " or " impermanent superconductor ", can not they be become the non-superconducting state with heating means according to " temp. superconductive material " of the present invention or " permanent superconductor ".Therefore of the present invention have embodiment a feature is still arranged be temporarily or for good and all to introduce an ohimc resistance in superconducting circuit, and this resistance can be the electric conductor of a non-superconducting.
And the present invention also has another feature when imbody be that the superconducting circuit part is placed under the influence in a magnetic field, so that described circuit becomes the non-superconducting state at this position.When applying a suitable high-intensity magnetic field, superconducting state can be suppressed in the part, therefore produces a resistance at described position, in case but magnetic field withdraw, this resistance also just disappears.According to the present invention, when circuit is during at the non-superconducting state, exciting, change or commutating of electric current can be with the method for magnetic field induction, and/or the circuit energized is realized.
Device can make the interior electric current of superconducting circuit be subjected to the influence of electric field action designed according to this invention.The feature of device is that the primary coil that has a non-superconducting material to constitute connect with superconducting circuit, and described primary coil is coupled with the secondary coil of non-superconducting body material formation on magnetic circuit, so that influence electric current in the superconducting circuit by described secondary coil.
According to the present invention,, it is characterized in that being provided with an electromagnet for the electric current of controlling in the superconducting circuit also will have a device.In order to make the superconducting circuit local magnetized, all be provided with electrode and described circuit communication in the both sides at influence of magnetic field superconducting circuit position so that with power connection to circuit, so as to influencing the electric current in the superconducting circuit.
The invention still further relates to and use the made permanent superconductor of method of the present invention.
The present invention will be below with one of the permanent superconducting circuit of control easily embodiment illustrate, need the figure of reference to have following several:
Fig. 1 A-B is a summary section of controlling a kind of device of superconducting circuit electric current by electromagnetic induction;
Fig. 2 A-B is a summary section of controlling a kind of device of superconducting circuit electric current by magnetic field and power supply.
Fig. 1 A-B has ticked in order according to the present invention the electric current in the superconductor circuit to be excited, to change or the summary section of four major parts of equipment therefor embodiment that commutate.Figure 1A represents the section of II-II line in Figure 1B, and Figure 1B represents the section of I-I line in Figure 1A.
Described embodiment has one preferably by the thread primary coil of insulated copper (1) and a secondary hybrid coil, and this coil has a non-superconducting part (2) of preferably being made by copper cash, connects with a superconductive part (3) on circuit.Primary coil (1) is with a magnetic medium (4) easily, lamination soft iron core preferably, with secondary hybrid coil (2,3) in coupling (on magnetic circuit, being communicated with) on the inductance.When relevant frequency was suitable in constructive application, ceramic magnet material or air also can be used as the medium of inductance coupling high.Inductance that it should be noted that hybrid coil excites generation in non-superconducting part (2), because Meisser effect (Meissner effect) can stop the inductance conversion of energy in the superconductive part (3).
Following size is proposed as an example in order to illustrate: primary coil (1): 1000 circle coils, 200V, 5A; Secondary coil length: partly (2) account for the 10%(copper cash), partly (3) account for the 90%(superconductor).According to the device that such dimension scale is made, its energy consumption is about 10% of the comparable device made from the non-superconducting coil, but can reach equal effect.For clarity, the terminals of primary coil (1) do not draw on figure.
Fig. 2 A-B excites, changes electric current in the superconducting circuit or the summary section of four major parts of the used another kind of device embodiment that commutates according to the present invention.Fig. 2 A is the section of II-II line in Fig. 2 B.Fig. 2 B is the section of I-I line in Fig. 2 A.
Described embodiment has the superconducting coil (5) of a short circuit and connects with electricity level (6) and (7) on circuit, can be incorporated into electric current in the superconducting coil (5) by these two electricity levels, electricity level (6) is connected with power supply (not drawing on the figure) with (7) for this reason.For the electric current in the superconducting coil (5) is changed or commutation, be provided with an electromagnet (8), it can produce the magnetic field with sufficient intensity in the part, make superconducting coil (5) at the position that electromagnet (8) is faced, during influence of magnetic field superconducting coil (5) that electromagnet (8) is produced, temporarily have a resistance.
Cut off the power supply to electrode (6) (7) and electromagnet (8) simultaneously, the resistance of superconducting coil (5) will disappear, and the electric current in the superconducting coil (5) will continue to flow by original direction under the situation that no longer includes electric energy supply superconducting coil (5) this moment.When the electric current in the needs minimizing superconducting circuit, need only excite electromagnet (8) can achieve the goal soon.Adopt the magnetic force and the direction in the magnetic field that this method can very fast change coil (5) be produced.
Certainly these several figure just are used for illustrating and understanding fully method and apparatus proposed by the invention, these two embodiment that mentioned above the present invention can not being confined to.Be familiar with this professional people and may find out multiple variation and modification, but still do not depart from the four corner of the thought of institute of the present invention basis.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of method of producing permanent superconductor, it is characterized in that before crystallization stage, must carry out a kind of heat treatment that is called " thermal shock " at electric conducting material after the scorching hot or baking, promptly material must stand a huge temperature and falls, and drops to well below this temperature from being higher than crystallization temperature always.
2, a kind of method of producing permanent superconductor is characterized in that adopting the heat treatment of a kind of " thermal shock " by name, makes material fiercely cooling at short notice, this material experience polymerization or solidification stages in cooling procedure.
3, a kind of method that makes the electric current in the circuit that superconductor constitutes excite, change and/or commutate, the circuit that constitutes for the superconductor of producing according to above-mentioned one or more claims particularly, it is characterized in that this method make described circuit all or the part become the non-superconducting state, the electric current under this state in the described circuit can be excited, changes or commutate.
4,, it is characterized in that temporarily or for good and all an ohimc resistance is incorporated in the part of circuit according to the method for claim 3.
5,, it is characterized in that ohimc resistance is made of the non-superconducting electric conductor according to the method for claim 4.
6,, it is characterized in that the part of superconducting circuit is placed in the magnetic field, so that make described circuit become the non-superconducting state at this privileged site according to the method for claim 3.
7, according to claim 3,4,5 or 6 method, it is characterized in that circuit under the non-superconducting state electric current to excite, change or commutate be to reach by induction electromagnetism or magnetic field.
8, according to claim 3,4,5 or 6 method, it is characterized in that circuit under the non-superconducting state electric current to excite, change or commutate be to reach by circuit and being connected of power supply.
9, a kind of device that can realize according to the method for claim 5 and 7, it has a superconducting circuit, it is characterized in that having a primary coil that constitutes by non-superconducting material to connect with superconducting circuit, the secondary coil coupling that described primary coil constitutes with non-superconducting material on magnetic circuit is so that influence the interior electric current of superconducting circuit by described secondary coil.
10, a kind of device that can realize according to the method for claim 6 and 8, has a superconducting circuit, it is characterized in that being provided with an electromagnet, so that make the superconducting circuit local magnetized, be provided with electrode in the both sides at the position of influence of magnetic field superconducting circuit and described circuit is connected, so that power supply and described circuit are connected, thereby influence the electric current in the superconducting circuit.
11, the permanent superconductor of the method production of application rights requirement 1 and/or 2.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8801474A NL8801474A (en) | 1987-10-05 | 1988-06-08 | Environmental kinetic to electrical conversion using magnetic flux - energy from kinetic particles or photon field into electron current in conductor surrounding permanent magnet |
| NL8801474 | 1988-06-08 | ||
| NL8901126A NL8901126A (en) | 1989-05-03 | 1989-05-03 | Superconductor mfr. - using modified thermal treatment process for in superconducting use current control |
| NL8901126 | 1989-05-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1038540A true CN1038540A (en) | 1990-01-03 |
Family
ID=26646389
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89103762A Pending CN1038540A (en) | 1988-06-08 | 1989-06-08 | The method of production superconduction and the method and apparatus of automatically controlled superconduction |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1038540A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2012724A6 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR890100369A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL90518A0 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103247397A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-14 | 江苏神马电力股份有限公司 | Insulator |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE68928684T2 (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1998-12-03 | University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. | Superconductor and process for its manufacture |
-
1989
- 1989-06-01 ES ES8901891A patent/ES2012724A6/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-02 IL IL90518A patent/IL90518A0/en unknown
- 1989-06-02 GR GR890100369A patent/GR890100369A/en unknown
- 1989-06-08 CN CN89103762A patent/CN1038540A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103247397A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-14 | 江苏神马电力股份有限公司 | Insulator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2012724A6 (en) | 1990-04-01 |
| IL90518A0 (en) | 1990-01-18 |
| GR890100369A (en) | 1990-05-11 |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
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| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
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