CN103852445B - Design method of optical probe for measuring laser absorption spectrum - Google Patents
Design method of optical probe for measuring laser absorption spectrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN103852445B CN103852445B CN201410101742.3A CN201410101742A CN103852445B CN 103852445 B CN103852445 B CN 103852445B CN 201410101742 A CN201410101742 A CN 201410101742A CN 103852445 B CN103852445 B CN 103852445B
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Abstract
The invention provides an embedded type optical probe for measuring a laser absorption spectrum. The embedded type optical probe comprises a transmitting probe and a receiving probe, wherein the transmitting probe comprises a first wall face embedded part, a first transition part, a corrugated pipe structure and a first corrugated pipe; the receiving probe comprises a second wall face embedded part, a second transition part and a second corrugated pipe. Dried nitrogen is fed into an inner cavity of the probe so as to conveniently purify a protection gas film of a window and a free light path outside a convection field. The optical probe has the advantages of compact structure, induction vibration resistance, strong commonality, convenience for realizing purification and air film cooling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flow field field of optical measuring technologies, relate to tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology, particularly a kind of built-in optical probe technologies measured for laser absorption spectrum.
Background technology
Due to noncontact characteristic and the alternative of monitoring composition, laser measuring technique has become burning and has advanced the important development direction of flow field diagnostic techniques.Wherein tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy TDLAS) technical development relative maturity, can the crucial flow field parameter of the temperature, concentration of component, speed, mass rate etc. of measurement gas.Measuring system based on TDLAS has that time response is fast, data analysis is simple, signal intensity is high, light beam can carry out the significant advantage such as long-distance transmissions, relative low price by optical fiber.
From the nineties in last century, the numerous R&D institutions being representative with Stanford university, NASA, Physical Sciences company, USAF etc., government, enterprise and department of the military all actively develop the research of TDLAS application, have successively carried out successful engineer applied in flow fields such as shock tube, aeromotor, scramjet engine, pulse-knocking engine, steam turbine, internal combustion engine, industrial combustion furnaces.Since entering the new century, TDLAS technology causes the extensive concern of scientific research institutions of China and industrial enterprise, and development is comparatively rapid, has started the applied research relating to burning and advance flow field at present, have accumulated certain technical foundation and engineer applied experience, but Research Ability and level still there is larger gap.
Optic probe is one of Primary Component of TDLAS engineer applied, and its function is launched by laser beam datum, enters tested flow field, and catch the light beam through flow field, comprise transmitting probe and receiving transducer.In Actual combustion flow fields such as engines, be faced with the rugged surroundings such as vibratory impulse, pneumatic refraction, High Temperature High Pressure and installing space and optical inlet all harsh conditions such as critical constraints, optic probe will play vital effect to the acquisition of measuring-signal, directly decide the success or failure of measurement.
Following document has been directly related to the design of optic probe.
1, Physical Sciences company is under the subsidy of USAF, in the temperature in the supersonic combustion wind-tunnel application TDLAS sensor measurement flow field in Wright-Patterson air base, speed and water vapor concentration (Upschulte B L, Miller M F, Allen M G, et al..Continuous water vapor mass flux and temperature measurementsin a model Scramjet combustor using a diode laser sensor [R] .Reno:37thAIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit.AIAA 99-0518.).Sensor is arranged on the firing chamber of wind-tunnel, has the hole of 4 2.54cm in combustion chamber wall surface, for installing optical window, for protection optical window avoids high temperature loss, having independent air hole, form air film in window front end on the side of window mounting hole.Probe to be arranged on outside wall and independent with window.Transmitting probe comprises collimating apparatus and bracing frame, and bracing frame does not have the regulatory function of emission angle, and light beam is first received by detector with concave mirror focus after reaching receiving transducer again.
2, the Hanson laboratory of Stanford university is cooperated with Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company of the U.S., PW6000 commercial aviation engine is applied MAF (the Lyle K H of TDLAS sensor measurement air intake duct, Jeffries J B and Hanson R K.Diode lasersensor for air mass flux based on oxygen absorption 2:non-uniform flowmodeling and aero-engine tests [J] .AIAA Journal, 2007,45.).The external bellmouth in upstream of engine inlets and " jockey pulley ", for setting pressure and temperature probe.TDLAS sensor is arranged on bellmouth, bellmouth does not have special optical channel but has used pressure probe mounting hole to install optical window.Probe to be arranged on outside wall and independent with window, and launch collimating apparatus and be arranged on business multiaxis adjustment rack, can carry out the two-dimensional adjustment of emission angle, receiving transducer comprises focusing surface mirror and detector, for catching light beam.
3, the Hanson laboratory of Stanford university is under the subsidy of NASA, the direct-connected ultra-combustion ramjet testing table at Langley center is applied mass rate (the Chang L S of TDLAS sensor measurement distance piece air-flow, Jeffries J B and Hanson R K.Mass flux sensingvia tunable diode laser absorption of water vapor [C] .Orlando:49th AIAAAerospace Science Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum andAerospace Exposition, AIAA 2011-1093.).Design and the document 2 of the optic probe in the document are similar.
The optic probe of document 1 except emission angle is unadjustable, its design with document 2 and document 3 similar.In general, the design in document exists following not enough:
1) probe is arranged on outside wall, separate with optical window, and cause overall dimensions comparatively large, this is at practical flow fields such as engines, and the restriction due to space often brings the difficulty of installation.In addition because flow field external circuits is longer and closed difficulty, be not easy to purify it.
2) probe size and quality are comparatively large and be arranged on outside wall, and when engine operation, induced vibration is comparatively serious, adds the difficulty of beam-capturing.There is fragility in this probe installation form simultaneously.As just occurred occurring owing to vibrating the situation causing business adjustment rack coupling bolt to come off in the experiment of document 2.
3) receiving transducer adopts focusing surface mirror to add the mode of detector, although be conducive to the capture ability strengthening light beam, detector needs strict thermal protection measure, and turns back due to light path, adds installation difficulty and is also unfavorable for reducing physical dimension.
4) although the mentality of designing of 3 sections of documents is similar, due to only for specific installation environment, device used and structural difference are comparatively large, especially realize speed measuring function, and probe is axially at a certain angle with wall normal direction, shortcoming versatility.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the built-in optical probe designing a kind of compact conformation on the basis of foreign design philosophy and use experience, there is higher anti-vibration ability and stronger versatility, promote the engineering sense of China TDLAS technology, promote the progress of advanced jet flow field diagnostic techniques.
The invention provides a kind of built-in optical probe measured for laser absorption spectrum, comprise transmitting probe and receiving transducer two parts, it is characterized in that:
Transmitting probe comprises the first wall built in items, First Transition parts (5), bellows structure and first collimator, wherein, first wall built in items comprises cavity (1), optical window (2), jacking block (3), tightening nut (4), there is a conical surface optical window (2) front end, the inner conical surface of optical window (2) with cavity (1) is held out against by jacking block (3) by tightening nut (4), First Transition parts (5) connect the first wall built in items and bellows structure, erection bolt is through First Transition parts (5) and cavity (1), be connected with wall, First Transition parts have light hole and air hole in (5), air hole outside connects valve (6), bellows structure comprises derby (7), corrugated tube (8), lower derby (9), adjusting bolt (10) and stage clip (11), upper derby (7) is bolted to First Transition parts (5), the internal thread of lower derby (9) connects first collimator (12), by changing the decrement adjustment beam emissions angle of adjusting bolt (10) to stage clip (11),
Receiving transducer comprises the second wall built in items, the second transition member (5) and the second collimating apparatus;
The second wall built in items in receiving transducer has identical structure with the first wall built in items in transmitting probe, can exchange.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) compact conformation.Owing to have employed probe and the integrated design of window, significantly reduce the physical dimension of probe.
2) anti-induced vibration.Owing to adopting embedded design, quality and the size of wall outside significantly reduce, and can strengthen the ability of opposing induced vibration.
3) highly versatile.Thermometric is axially all vertical with wall with holes probe, and has identical wall interface size, and the wall embedded part of transmitting and receiving probe is interchangeable, has stronger versatility.
4) purification and gaseous film control realize conveniently, can being realized the dual-use function of purification and gaseous film control by an inlet channel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the receiving transducer schematic diagram for thermometric;
Fig. 2 is the transmitting probe schematic diagram for thermometric;
Fig. 3 is the receiving transducer schematic diagram for testing the speed;
Fig. 4 is the transmitting probe schematic diagram for testing the speed;
Fig. 5 is the installation cut-open view of probe at engine wall.
Embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings optic probe is described in further detail.Fig. 1-Fig. 4 be respectively for thermometric and for test the speed reception, transmitting probe schematic diagram.
Optic probe adopts modular design, realizes the interchangeability of assembly as far as possible.Consider the requirements such as the pneumatic refraction of beam direction, the adjustment of transmit direction and locking, the thermal protection of integrated, sensor of optical window and probe and vibration and shock resistant, realize keeping reliable optical alignment ability under vibration and high temperature flow field environment.
In order to reduce thermal protection demand, make structure more compact, receiving transducer has abandoned the structure that focusing surface mirror adds detector simultaneously, but by collimating apparatus, the light beam focusing through flow field is entered multimode optical fiber, then enters detector by multimode optical fiber long-distance transmissions.This design makes the similar of transmitting probe and receiving transducer, is convenient to the versatility of parts.The wall embedded part of transmitting and receiving probe is identical, so just achieves the interchangeability of wall embedded part.The effect of collimating apparatus is similar, and the Gaussian beam collimated emission that single-mode fiber sends by transmitting collimating apparatus enters flow field, receives collimating apparatus and collimated light beam focusing is coupled into multimode optical fiber.For accurate by beam emissions to expect position angle and keep optical alignment, transmitting probe needs the adjustment and the locking function that possess emission angle.For adapting to the impact that the pneumatic refraction effect of light beam in flow field and mechanical vibration bring as far as possible, receiving transducer possesses enough large clear aperature and numerical aperture.
During due to velocity survey, for producing doppler shift effect, in flow field, the normal direction of laser propagation direction and flowing has certain angle requirement, therefore on the runner with certain length, just must can complete measurement; Temperature and concentration of component are measured then without this particular/special requirement, therefore can complete measurement in arbitrary cross section of runner.For adapting to different measurement demands, probe has two kinds of fundamental types: temperature probe and holes probe.Temperature probe is suitable for the occasion not needing velocity survey, and holes probe is suitable for only needing velocity survey or speed and other to measure the occasion simultaneously measured.Need for ease of standardization and unified interface, two kinds of probes all adopt the mode being axially perpendicular to wall to install, and its difference is that the optical window of holes probe changes the direction of propagation of light beam.
Temperature probe is identical with holes probe structure, and its essential difference is that two kinds of optical window designs of popping one's head in are different, carries out describing below for the holes probe of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 (comprising transmitting probe and receiving transducer).
Transmitting probe comprises the first wall built in items, First Transition parts (5), bellows structure and first collimator.First wall built in items comprises cavity (1), optical window (2), jacking block (3), tightening nut (4).Optical window (2) produces the light beam turning angle expected, and is isolated in flow field and external environment condition.There is a conical surface optical window (2) front end, is held out against by the inner conical surface of optical window (2) with cavity (1) by jacking block (3) by tightening nut (4).First Transition parts (5) connect the first wall built in items and bellows structure, and erection bolt, through First Transition parts (5) and cavity (1), is connected with wall.First Transition parts have light hole and air hole in (5), and air hole outside connects valve (6).Bellows structure comprises derby (7), corrugated tube (8), lower derby (9), adjusting bolt (10) and spring (11).Corrugated tube (8) and upper derby (7), lower derby (9) are welded together, upper derby (7) is bolted to First Transition parts (5), and the internal thread of lower derby (9) connects first collimator (12).By changing the decrement adjustment beam emissions angle of adjusting bolt (10) to spring (11).
Fig. 5 gives the installation cut-open view of probe at engine wall.Transmitting probe operationally, drying nitrogen is by valve (6), be filled with the space between first collimator (12) and optical window (2), free space light path outside stream field purifies, nitrogen flows through the micropore of cavity (1) sidewall along the minim gap flow direction probe front end between cavity (1) and probe mounting holes, form air film in probe front end, thermal protection (see enlarged fragmentary portion) is carried out to window.
Receiving transducer comprises the second wall built in items, the second transition member (5) and the second collimating apparatus;
The second wall built in items in receiving transducer has identical structure with the first wall built in items in transmitting probe, can exchange.
The design procedure of a kind of built-in optical probe for laser absorption spectrum measurement of the present invention is:
The design of step one, the first/the second wall built in items
Cavity selects high-quality stainless steel material, chamber wall external diameter 15mm, and be reduced to 14.8mm, internal diameter 12mm, long 25mm at the external diameter of from the front end 15mm part, there is the chamfering of 45 ° front end and optical window cooperation place.At the aperture of uniform 4 the 1mm diameters of the chamber wall of from the front end 14mm.Installed surface is rectangle, length 52mm, width 40mm, thickness 8mm.The threaded hole of diameter 24mm is opened at installed surface center, and degree of depth 4mm coordinates with tightening nut; 4 jiaos of through holes having a diameter 6.2mm, for being connected with wall.The laser beam sent for making collimating apparatus can enter the center on optical window inclined-plane, and chamber wall axis departs from the symcenter 3.3mm of installed surface along the length direction of rectangle.
Ultraviolet-grade fused silica material selected by optical window, diameter 12mm, height 12.7mm, there is the inclined-plane at 54.5 °, inclination angle one end (now, for the near infrared light beam of wavelength 1360nm by after inclined-plane incidence, exit direction and the method for section are to deviation 30 °), bevel altitude 7.7mm, the window other end has the chamfering of 45 °.
Jacking block material is duralumin, and cross section is semicircle, radius 6mm.Tightening nut diameter 24mm, thickness 3mm, there is tooth in outside apart from the fine thread of 0.5mm.
The design of step 2, bellows structure
Outside diameter of bel 24mm, state of nature length 16mm, upper and lower derby diameter selects stainless steel material, diameter 40mm, thickness 8mm.Uniform 3 adjusting bolts and high rigidity stage clip outside corrugated tube.The upper surface of upper derby has external diameter 16mm, the locating ring of high 2mm, locates for being connected with transition member.
The type selecting of step 3, collimating apparatus
First and second collimator function are similar, but require different.The Gaussian beam collimated emission that single-mode fiber sends by first collimator enters flow field, and collimated light beam focuses on and is coupled into multimode optical fiber by the second collimating apparatus.Therefore first collimator mainly considers it is that the diameter of light beam and the angle of divergence are little, and in order to more effectively collect light beam, and the second collimating apparatus needs larger clear aperature and numerical aperture.First collimator selects the F240APC-C of Thorlabs company, external diameter 12mm, FC/APC connector, beam diameter 1.5mm, the angle of divergence 0.065 °.Second collimating apparatus selects the HPUCO-25-1300-M of OZ Optics company, attachment face diameter 33mm, lens diameter 10mm, numerical aperture 0.5.
The design of step 4, transition member
The end face of the first/the second transition member is rectangle, length 52mm, width 40mm, thickness 12mm, and center all has the light hole of diameter 11mm, and a side all has the air hole of diameter 4mm, installs valve outside air hole.4 jiaos of rectangle end face have counterbore, for the bolt through M6, above-mentioned transition member and corresponding wall built in items are bolted to engine wall.The difference of the first excessive parts and the second transition member is: in transmitting probe, the end face be connected with corrugated tube of First Transition parts has diameter 16mm, the mounting hole of degree of depth 2.5mm; And in receiving transducer, the end face be connected with the second collimating apparatus of the second transition member has diameter 33mm, the mounting hole of dark 4mm.
Claims (5)
1. the built-in optical probe measured for laser absorption spectrum, comprises transmitting probe and receiving transducer two parts, it is characterized in that:
Transmitting probe comprises the first wall built in items, First Transition parts (5), bellows structure and first collimator, wherein, first wall built in items comprises cavity (1), optical window (2), jacking block (3), tightening nut (4), there is a conical surface optical window (2) front end, the inner conical surface of optical window (2) with cavity (1) is held out against by jacking block (3) by tightening nut (4), First Transition parts (5) connect the first wall built in items and bellows structure, erection bolt is through First Transition parts (5) and cavity (1), be connected with wall, First Transition parts have light hole and air hole in (5), air hole outside connects valve (6), bellows structure comprises derby (7), corrugated tube (8), lower derby (9), adjusting bolt (10) and stage clip (11), uniform 3 adjusting bolts (10) and stage clip (11) outside corrugated tube, upper derby (7) is bolted to First Transition parts (5), the internal thread of lower derby (9) connects first collimator (12), by changing the decrement adjustment beam emissions angle of adjusting bolt (10) to stage clip (11),
Receiving transducer comprises the second wall built in items, the second transition member (5) and the second collimating apparatus;
The end face of the first/the second described transition member is rectangle, length 52mm, width 40mm, thickness 12mm, center all has the light hole of diameter 11mm, and a side all has the air hole of diameter 4mm, outside air hole, valve is installed, 4 jiaos of rectangle end face have counterbore, for the bolt through M6, above-mentioned transition member and corresponding wall built in items are bolted to engine wall; The second wall built in items in receiving transducer has identical structure with the first wall built in items in transmitting probe, can exchange.
2. a kind of built-in optical for laser absorption spectrum measurement is popped one's head in as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cavity of the first/the second described wall built in items selects stainless steel material, chamber wall external diameter 15mm, 14.8mm is reduced at the external diameter of from the front end 15mm part, internal diameter 12mm, long 25mm, there is the chamfering of 45 ° front end and optical window cooperation place, at the aperture of uniform 4 the 1mm diameters of the chamber wall of from the front end 14mm, cavity installed surface is rectangle, length 52mm, width 40mm, thickness 8mm, the threaded hole of diameter 24mm is opened at installed surface center, degree of depth 4mm, coordinate with tightening nut, 4 jiaos of through holes having a diameter 6.2mm, chamber wall external diameter and internal diameter axis are the symcenter 3.3mm that installed surface is departed from 52mm direction along the length of rectangle, ultraviolet-grade fused silica material selected by optical window, diameter 12mm, height 12.7mm, there is the inclined-plane at 54.5 °, inclination angle one end, bevel altitude 7.7mm, the window other end has the chamfering of 45 °, jacking block material is duralumin, cross section is semicircle, radius 6mm, tightening nut diameter 24mm, thickness 3mm, there is tooth in outside apart from the fine thread of 0.5mm.
3. a kind of built-in optical for laser absorption spectrum measurement is popped one's head in as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described outside diameter of bel 24mm, state of nature length 16mm, stainless steel material selected by upper and lower derby, diameter 40mm, thickness 8mm, uniform 3 adjusting bolts and high rigidity stage clip outside corrugated tube, the upper surface of upper derby has external diameter 16mm, the locating ring of high 2mm, locates for being connected with First Transition parts.
4. a kind of built-in optical for laser absorption spectrum measurement is popped one's head in as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described first collimator selects the F240APC-C of Thorlabs company, external diameter 12mm, FC/APC connector, beam diameter 1.5mm, the angle of divergence 0.065 °, second collimating apparatus selects the HPUCO-25-1300-M of OZ Optics company, attachment face diameter 33mm, lens diameter 10mm, numerical aperture 0.5.
5. a kind of built-in optical for laser absorption spectrum measurement is popped one's head in as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the end face be connected with corrugated tube of First Transition parts has diameter 16mm, the mounting hole of degree of depth 2.5mm, the end face be connected with the second collimating apparatus of the second transition member has diameter 33mm, the mounting hole of dark 4mm.
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| CN105445223B (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2019-07-05 | 北京航天易联科技发展有限公司 | Humidity detector for high-temperature flue gas measurement |
| CN109632664B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2022-01-18 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城航空测控技术研究所 | Device for mounting optical probe under high temperature and vibration conditions |
| CN110954501A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-03 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城航空测控技术研究所 | High-temperature-resistant tunable laser absorption spectrum probe structure |
| CN112113660B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2023-05-16 | 中国兵器装备集团上海电控研究所 | Calibration and acceptance tool and calibration and acceptance method for optical flame detector |
| CN114608793B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-07-12 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | Static pressure measuring device for wind tunnel and static pressure measuring method thereof |
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| SE508805C2 (en) * | 1991-12-04 | 1998-11-09 | Opsis Ab | Optical analysis equipment - analyses gas-form substances flowing through channel and incorporates light transmitter on channel side and light receiver on other channel side |
| CN2349574Y (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 1999-11-17 | 长春市宏宇电子节能设备开发有限责任公司 | Double-probe sensor for crude oil humidity tester |
| US20060088793A1 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Optical viewing system for monitoring a wide angle area of interest exposed to high temperature |
| CN101281129B (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2011-06-15 | 聚光科技(杭州)股份有限公司 | On-position type gas analysis system with on-position calibration function |
| CN101929947B (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2012-01-11 | 安徽蓝盾光电子股份有限公司 | Automatically-calibrated plug-in on-line gas analysis system |
| FR2962805B1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2013-03-22 | Silios Technologies | OPTICAL ABSORPTION MEASURING PROBE WITH SEVERAL WAVE LENGTHS |
| US20130247576A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | Delavan Inc | Apparatus, system and method for observing combustor flames in a gas turbine engine |
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