CN103851632A - Recycling system for waste cathode block from electrolytic aluminum and recycling method - Google Patents
Recycling system for waste cathode block from electrolytic aluminum and recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103851632A CN103851632A CN201410089371.1A CN201410089371A CN103851632A CN 103851632 A CN103851632 A CN 103851632A CN 201410089371 A CN201410089371 A CN 201410089371A CN 103851632 A CN103851632 A CN 103851632A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a recycling system for a waste cathode block from electrolytic aluminum and a recycling method. The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low recycling rate of the present waste cathode block, serious energy waste and high recycling cost. The recycling system comprises a high-temperature cyclone furnace and a dry purifying device, wherein the high-temperature cyclone furnace comprises a furnace body, a burner and a heat exchanger. The recycling method comprises the following steps: crushing the waste cathode block from electrolytic aluminum into powder; adding combustion improvers and burning the powder by the high-temperature cyclone furnace; preheating the secondary inlet air of the high-temperature cyclone furnace by the smoke generated by burning through the heat exchanger and purifying through the dry purifying device. The high-purity recycling of the electrolyte in the waste cathode block can be realized by the recycling system provided by the invention; the heat energy generated by powder combustion can be fully utilized; the production energy consumption is reduced; the waste of energy resource is avoided; the recycling method is simple in operation, energy-saving and environment-friendly; the recycling of the waste cathode block can be realized according to the recycling method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solid waste processing technology field in Aluminum Electrolysis Production process, be specifically related to a kind of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system and processing method.
Background technology
In Aluminum Electrolysis Production process, cathode inner lining and other furnace building materials are subject to for a long time the erosion of sodium, electrolyte and aluminium and absorb a large amount of containing villiaumite, the effect of stress simultaneously producing in erosion process can make electrolytic cell distortion and inner lining damage, electrolytic cell must carry out large repairs in the time running to certain life-span (6～8 years), when overhaul, cell lining will be changed, and comprise end cathode block, refractory brick, insulating brick and impervious material and sidepiece silicon carbide brick.Therefore in aluminum production, casting process and in electrolytic cell overhaul process, can produce the solid waste such as a large amount of waste cathode carbon blocks, useless insulating brick, waste refractory materials and useless cathode square steel.According to statistics, every production and one ton of aluminium of casting, approximately produce the useless negative electrode of 20～30kg, and 2013, China's primary aluminum output reached 2,000 ten thousand tons, accounts for 45% of global total output, produced waste and old carbon cathode discharge capacity and reached 400,000 tons.The original set of cathode block becomes anthracite and pitch binder.In electrolytic process, due to the molten salt react ion, the chemical reaction that are subject to heat effect, chemical action, mechanical erosion effect, electro ultrafiltration, sodium and electrolytical infiltration etc. and cause, the cathode block in aluminium cell can be damaged after using certain hour.In waste cathode carbon block, generally contain C, NaF, Na
3alF
6, AlF
3, CaF
2, Al
2o
3deng composition, be wherein about 0.2% containing C approximately 50%～70%, electrolyte fluoride approximately 50%～30%, cyanide.
At present the processing of waste cathode carbon block is mainly contained to roasting method, floatation and sulfuric acid decomposition method, these methods can reclaim a part of electrolyte and the carbon dust in waste cathode carbon block.But floatation and sulfuric acid decomposition method cannot be removed the cyanide in waste cathode carbon block, cyanide and partially fluorinated thing enter waste liquid and easily cause secondary pollution; Adopt roasting method using the carbon in waste cathode carbon block as fuel recovery, the heat that burning produces is difficult to effective utilization, causes a large amount of energy wastes, and cannot reach the strict temperature controlled requirement in roasting process.The problem low for the existing waste cathode carbon block recovery method rate of recovery, energy waste is serious, cost recovery is high, studying a kind of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment process efficient, energy-saving and environmental protection is that the utmost point is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide that a kind of recovery utilization rate is high, cost is low and electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system and the processing method of energy-conserving and environment-protective.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system of the present invention comprises high-temp. vortex stove and dry cleaning device, and described high-temp. vortex stove comprises body of heater, burner and heat exchanger;
Described upper of furnace body is provided with material box, bottom is provided with combustion chamber, between described material box and described combustion chamber, be connected by feeding-passage, on described feeding-passage, be provided with inlet valve, described combustion chamber is provided with air inlet, flue and discharge gate, on described air inlet, is provided with volume damper; Described burner is arranged at the below of described combustion chamber;
Described heat exchanger is arranged at the outside of described combustion chamber, comprise cold wind import, hot-blast outlet, high-temperature flue gas import and low-temperature flue gas outlet, the corresponding connection of air inlet of described hot-blast outlet and described combustion chamber, the corresponding connection of flue of described high-temperature flue gas import and described combustion chamber; Described low-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with described dry cleaning device.
Adopt the beneficial effect of above-mentioned electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece treatment system to be, use high-temp. vortex stove, can make the powder after waste cathode carbon block fragmentation fully burn, realize electrolytical high-purity in waste cathode carbon block and reclaim; Flue gas after burning is recycled by heat exchanger, for the secondary air of cyclone furnace carries out preheating, takes full advantage of the heat energy that burning produces, and has reduced energy consumption, has avoided the waste of the energy; The waste gas that high-temp. vortex fire grate goes out, by dry cleaning device, can be removed the harmful substance in waste gas, and the innocuous gas after purifying is discharged, and guarantees free from environmental pollutionly, realizes cleaner production; This system is easy and simple to handle, energy-conserving and environment-protective, can realize the resource of waste cathode carbon block and recycle, and is suitable for large-scale production and application.
Preferably, described dry cleaning device comprises smoke collection pipe, adsorption reaction unit and gas-solid separative element, described smoke collection pipe is connected with the low-temperature flue gas exit seal of described heat exchanger, described adsorption reaction unit comprises the smoke inlet section being connected successively, conical contraction section, cylindrical venturi, conical flue gas diffuser, be provided with adsorbent input port one time in described smoke inlet section, be provided with second adsorption agent input port at described flue gas diffuser; Described gas solid separation unit comprises deduster and air-introduced machine, and the bottom ash-laden gas import of described deduster and the flue gas diffuser of described adsorption separation unit are tightly connected, and described air-introduced machine is arranged at the pure qi (oxygen) exit of described deduster.
Preferably, a described adsorbent is fluorinated alumina, and described second adsorption agent is fresh aluminum oxide.
Preferably, described sack cleaner is the long bag dust collector of action of low-voltage pulse.
Preferably, described air-introduced machine is centrifugal induced draught fan.
Above-mentioned dry cleaning device adopts second adsorption technology, first uses active relatively poor fluorinated alumina to carry out adsorption reaction for the first time as the high flue gas of adsorbent and fluoro-containing concentration, a part of fluoride in removal flue gas; And then remaining fluoride in flue gas is carried out to adsorption reaction for the second time by active higher fresh aluminum oxide, thus obtaining higher fluorine purification efficiency, the use amount that can save adsorbent, reduces production costs simultaneously.The overall structure of above-mentioned adsorption reaction unit is venturi tube structure, in the time that flue gas enters conical flue gas diffuser by cylindrical venturi, (principle of Venturi effect is: in the time that obstacle is crossed in wind can to produce Venturi effect, near port above the lee face of obstacle, air pressure is relatively low, thereby produce suction-operated and cause flowing of air), can reach better adsorption effect.
Preferably, described high-temp. vortex stove also comprises the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor that are arranged at inside, described combustion chamber.
Preferably, described high-temp. vortex stove also comprises PLC controller, and the input of described PLC controller is connected with pressure sensor with described temperature sensor, and the output of described PLC controller is connected with described volume damper with described inlet valve.
Adopt above-mentioned PLC controller, can be according to the data of temperature sensor and pressure sensor transmission, the temperature and pressure of high-temp. vortex furnace interior is carried out to Real-Time Monitoring, by controlling described inlet valve and described volume damper feeding coal and the air quantity to high-temp. vortex stove, regulate the temperature and pressure of high-temp. vortex furnace interior, make high-temp. vortex stove in required duty, significantly improve the control accuracy of the temperature and pressure of high-temp. vortex stove, and whole operation realizes automation, can reduce manual operation, reduce labour intensity.
Electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling processing method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece being carried out to Hubei Province is broken, obtaining granularity after ball milling is 50 order～200 object powders;
(2) powder of step (1) gained is joined in the high-temp. vortex stove in described electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system, add combustion adjuvant the carbon dust in this powder is fully burnt, the addition of described combustion adjuvant is described powder quality 3～5 ‰;
(3) in step (2), the high-temperature flue gas of powder burning gained, by described heat exchanger, for described high-temp. vortex stove secondary air provides after preheating, is converted into low-temperature flue gas;
(4) collect the electrolyte of discharging from described high-temp. vortex stove discharge gate after step (2) powder fully burns;
(5) described in step (3), low-temperature flue gas enters the adsorption reaction unit in described dry cleaning device, and the solid-gas ratio of the adsorbent fluorinated alumina adding in adsorption reaction process is 20～30g/m
3, the solid-gas ratio of the second adsorption agent fresh aluminum oxide adding is 5～15g/m
3;
(6) ash-laden gas obtaining after step (5) adsorption reaction is by described gas solid separation unit, and purified gas is discharged, and the fluorinated alumina of separation uses as a sorbent circulation in adsorption separation unit.
Described in step (2), combustion adjuvant is made up of nitrate, potassium permanganate, calcium oxide, iron oxide and starch, wherein the shared mass percent of each component is: nitrate 1～3%, potassium permanganate 18～45%, calcium oxide 4～7%, iron oxide 4～8%, surplus is starch.
Described in step (2), high-temp. vortex stove chamber pressure is-10～10Pa, and operating temperature range is 750 DEG C～800 DEG C, and temperature control precision is at ± 5 DEG C.
The beneficial effect of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling processing method of the present invention is, powder after adopting high-temp. vortex stove to waste cathode carbon block fragmentation burns, add combustion adjuvant can make burning more abundant, and then realize electrolytical high-purity in waste cathode carbon block and reclaim; Flue gas after burning is recycled by heat exchanger, for the secondary air of cyclone furnace carries out preheating, takes full advantage of the heat energy that burning produces, and has reduced energy consumption, has avoided the waste of the energy; The waste gas that high-temp. vortex fire grate goes out, by dry cleaning device, can be removed the harmful substance in waste gas, and the innocuous gas after purifying is discharged, and guarantees free from environmental pollutionly, realizes cleaner production; The method is easy and simple to handle, energy-conserving and environment-protective, can realize the resource of waste cathode carbon block and recycle, and reducing solid waste thing processing cost for Aluminum Electrolysis Production field has important effect.
For concrete structure and effect and the effect of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system of the present invention, and concrete operation step and the flow process of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling processing method of the present invention, will make by reference to the accompanying drawings below further detailed explanation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of high-temp. vortex stove in electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing of region B in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the A-A view of Fig. 2.
Wherein, 1 is high-temp. vortex stove; 2 is body of heater; 3 is burner; 4 is heat exchanger; 5 is material box; 6 is combustion chamber; 7 is inlet valve; 8 is air inlet; 9 is flue; 10 is discharge gate; 11 is cold wind import; 12 is hot-blast outlet; 13 is high-temperature flue gas import; 14 is low-temperature flue gas outlet; 15 is smoke collection pipe; 16 is smoke inlet section; 17 is contraction section; 18 is venturi; 19 is flue gas diffuser; 20 is deduster; 21 is ash-laden gas import; 22 is pure qi (oxygen) outlet.
Detailed description of the invention
The following examples are just used for describing in detail the present invention, and limit the scope of the invention never in any form.
Embodiment 1: a kind of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece treatment system, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 4, comprise high-temp. vortex stove 1 and dry cleaning device, described high-temp. vortex stove 1 comprises body of heater 2, burner 3 and heat exchanger 4; Described body of heater 2 tops are provided with material box 5, bottom is provided with combustion chamber 6, between described material box 5 and described combustion chamber 6, be connected by feeding-passage, on described feeding-passage, be provided with inlet valve 7, described combustion chamber 6 is provided with air inlet 8, flue 9 and discharge gate 10, on described air inlet 8, is provided with volume damper; Described burner 3 is arranged at the below of described combustion chamber 6; Described heat exchanger 4 is arranged at the outside of described combustion chamber 6, comprise cold wind import 11, hot-blast outlet 12, high-temperature flue gas import 13 and low-temperature flue gas outlet 14, the corresponding connection of air inlet 8 of described hot-blast outlet 12 and described combustion chamber 6, the corresponding connection of flue 9 of described high-temperature flue gas import 13 and described combustion chamber 6; Described low-temperature flue gas outlet 14 is connected with described dry cleaning device.
Described dry cleaning device comprises smoke collection pipe 15, adsorption reaction unit and gas-solid separative element, described smoke collection pipe 15 is tightly connected with the low-temperature flue gas outlet 14 of described heat exchanger 4, described adsorption reaction unit comprises the smoke inlet section 16, conical contraction section 17, cylindrical venturi 18, the conical flue gas diffuser 19 that are connected successively, be provided with adsorbent input port one time in described smoke inlet section 16, be provided with second adsorption agent input port at described flue gas diffuser 19; Described gas solid separation unit comprises deduster 20 and air-introduced machine, and the bottom ash-laden gas import 21 of described deduster 20 is tightly connected with the flue gas diffuser 19 of described adsorption separation unit, and the pure qi (oxygen) that described air-introduced machine is arranged at described deduster 20 exports 22 places.A described adsorbent is fluorinated alumina, and described second adsorption agent is fresh aluminum oxide.Described deduster 20 is the long bag dust collector of action of low-voltage pulse.Described air-introduced machine is centrifugal induced draught fan.
Described high-temp. vortex stove 1 also comprises the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor that are arranged at 6 inside, described combustion chamber.Described high-temp. vortex stove 1 also comprises PLC controller, and the input of described PLC controller is connected with pressure sensor with described temperature sensor, and the output of described PLC controller is connected with described volume damper with described inlet valve.
The working method of described electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece treatment system is as follows:
Electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon block is broken into after the powder of desired particle size, be transported in the material box 5 of high-temp. vortex stove 1, before 1 work of high-temp. vortex stove, by burner 3, high-temp. vortex stove 1 carried out to baker and intensification, when temperature reaches 750～800 DEG C, can enter duty.When powder enters combustion chamber 6 by material box 5, extraneous cold wind enters heat exchanger 4 from cold wind import 11, after preheating, enter combustion chamber 6 by air inlet 8, form high speed hot blast and drive powder at combustion chamber 6 inner high speed rotary combustions, the powder high-purity electrolyte producing that fully burns is discharged by discharge gate 10.
Low-temperature flue gas is successively by smoke inlet section 16, conical contraction section 17, cylindrical venturi 18 and the conical flue gas diffuser 19 of adsorption reaction unit, first use active relatively poor fluorinated alumina to carry out adsorption reaction for the first time as the high flue gas of adsorbent and fluoro-containing concentration in smoke inlet section, a part of fluoride in removal flue gas; Then flue gas diffuser again with active higher fresh aluminum oxide to flue gas in remaining fluoride carry out adsorption reaction for the second time, further remove the fluoride in flue gas.The overall structure of this adsorption reaction unit is venturi tube structure, in the time that flue gas enters conical flue gas diffuser by cylindrical venturi, (principle of Venturi effect is: in the time that obstacle is crossed in wind can to produce Venturi effect, near port above the lee face of obstacle, air pressure is relatively low, thereby produce suction-operated and cause flowing of air), thereby strengthen the adsorption effect of flue gas diffuser, coordinate second adsorption technology simultaneously, can time flue gas fluorine purification efficiency higher, reach more than 99%.Aluminium oxide is by the fluoride absorption in flue gas and react with it generation fluorinated alumina, the flue gas that contains fluorinated alumina of discharging from adsorption reaction unit, enter in the deduster of gas solid separation unit again, fluorinated alumina is wherein reclaimed, the flue gas after purification is discharged.
Embodiment 2: a kind of electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling processing method, comprises the following steps:
(1) electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece being carried out to Hubei Province is broken, obtaining granularity after ball milling is 50 order～200 object powders;
(2) powder of step (1) gained is joined in the high-temp. vortex stove in described electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system, add combustion adjuvant the carbon dust in this powder is fully burnt, the addition of described combustion adjuvant is described powder quality 3 ‰.Described combustion adjuvant is made up of nitrate, potassium permanganate, calcium oxide, iron oxide and starch, and wherein the shared mass percent of each component is: nitrate 3%, potassium permanganate 40%, calcium oxide 6%, iron oxide 8%, and surplus is starch;
(3) in step (2), the high-temperature flue gas of powder burning gained, by described heat exchanger, for described high-temp. vortex stove secondary air provides after preheating, is converted into low-temperature flue gas;
(4) collect the electrolyte of discharging from described high-temp. vortex stove discharge gate after step (2) powder fully burns;
(5) described in step (3), low-temperature flue gas enters the adsorption reaction unit in described dry cleaning device, and the solid-gas ratio of the adsorbent fluorinated alumina adding in adsorption reaction process is 25g/m
3, the solid-gas ratio of the second adsorption agent fresh aluminum oxide adding is 10g/m
3;
(6) ash-laden gas obtaining after step (5) adsorption reaction is by described gas solid separation unit, and purified gas is discharged, and the fluorinated alumina of separation uses as a sorbent circulation in adsorption separation unit.
Embodiment 3: be with the difference of embodiment 2, described in step (2), the addition of combustion adjuvant is described powder quality 5 ‰, the shared mass percent of the each component of described combustion adjuvant is: nitrate 1%, potassium permanganate 20%, calcium oxide 4%, iron oxide 5%, surplus is starch.
Embodiment 4: be with the difference of embodiment 2, the solid-gas ratio of the adsorbent fluorinated alumina adding in adsorption reaction process in step (5) is 20g/m
3, the solid-gas ratio of the second adsorption agent fresh aluminum oxide adding is 15g/m
3.
Embodiment 5: be with the difference of embodiment 3, the solid-gas ratio of the adsorbent fluorinated alumina adding in adsorption reaction process in step (5) is 30g/m
3, the solid-gas ratio of the second adsorption agent fresh aluminum oxide adding is 5g/m
3.
In above embodiment, related instrument and equipment if no special instructions, is routine instrument device; The related raw material of industry if no special instructions, is the commercially available conventional raw material of industry.
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the present invention is described in detail above, but, person of ordinary skill in the field can understand, do not departing under the prerequisite of aim of the present invention, can also change each design parameter in above-described embodiment, form multiple specific embodiments, be common excursion of the present invention, describe in detail no longer one by one at this.
Claims (10)
1. an electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system, is characterized in that, comprises high-temp. vortex stove and dry cleaning device, and described high-temp. vortex stove comprises body of heater, burner and heat exchanger;
Described upper of furnace body is provided with material box, bottom is provided with combustion chamber, between described material box and described combustion chamber, be connected by feeding-passage, on described feeding-passage, be provided with inlet valve, described combustion chamber is provided with air inlet, flue and discharge gate, on described air inlet, is provided with volume damper; Described burner is arranged at the below of described combustion chamber;
Described heat exchanger is arranged at the outside of described combustion chamber, comprise cold wind import, hot-blast outlet, high-temperature flue gas import and low-temperature flue gas outlet, the corresponding connection of air inlet of described hot-blast outlet and described combustion chamber, the corresponding connection of flue of described high-temperature flue gas import and described combustion chamber; Described low-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with described dry cleaning device.
2. electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dry cleaning device comprises smoke collection pipe, adsorption reaction unit and gas-solid separative element, described smoke collection pipe is connected with the low-temperature flue gas exit seal of described heat exchanger, described adsorption reaction unit comprises the smoke inlet section being connected successively, conical contraction section, cylindrical venturi, conical flue gas diffuser, be provided with adsorbent input port one time in described smoke inlet section, be provided with second adsorption agent input port at described flue gas diffuser; Described gas solid separation unit comprises deduster and air-introduced machine, and the bottom ash-laden gas import of described deduster and the flue gas diffuser of described adsorption separation unit are tightly connected, and described air-introduced machine is arranged at the pure qi (oxygen) exit of described deduster.
3. electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, a described adsorbent is fluorinated alumina, and described second adsorption agent is aluminium oxide.
4. electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described deduster is the long bag dust collector of action of low-voltage pulse.
5. electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described air-introduced machine is centrifugal induced draught fan.
6. electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described high-temp. vortex stove also comprises the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor that are arranged at inside, described combustion chamber.
7. electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described high-temp. vortex stove also comprises PLC controller, the input of described PLC controller is connected with pressure sensor with described temperature sensor, and the output of described PLC controller is connected with described volume damper with described inlet valve.
8. an electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling processing method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece being carried out to Hubei Province is broken, obtaining granularity after ball milling is 50 order～200 object powders;
(2) powder of step (1) gained is joined described in claim 1 in the described high-temp. vortex stove in electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling treatment system, add combustion adjuvant the carbon dust in this powder is fully burnt, the addition of described combustion adjuvant is described powder quality 3～5 ‰;
(3) in step (2), the high-temperature flue gas of powder burning gained, by described heat exchanger, for described high-temp. vortex stove secondary air provides after preheating, is converted into low-temperature flue gas;
(4) collect the electrolyte of discharging from described high-temp. vortex stove discharge gate after step (2) powder fully burns;
(5) described in step (3), low-temperature flue gas enters the adsorption reaction unit in described dry cleaning device, and the solid-gas ratio of the adsorbent fluorinated alumina adding in adsorption reaction process is 20～30g/m
3, the solid-gas ratio of the second adsorption agent fresh aluminum oxide adding is 5～15g/m
3;
(6) ash-laden gas obtaining after step (5) adsorption reaction is by described gas solid separation unit, and purified gas is discharged, and the fluorinated alumina of separation uses as a sorbent circulation in adsorption separation unit.
9. electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling processing method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described in step (2), combustion adjuvant is made up of nitrate, potassium permanganate, calcium oxide, iron oxide and starch, wherein the shared mass percent of each component is: nitrate 1～3%, potassium permanganate 18～45%, calcium oxide 4～7%, iron oxide 4～8%, surplus is starch.
10. electrolytic aluminium waste cathode carbon piece recycling processing method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described in step (2), high-temp. vortex stove chamber pressure is-10～10Pa, and operating temperature range is 750 DEG C～800 DEG C, and temperature control precision is at ± 5 DEG C.
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| CN104975308A (en) * | 2015-07-11 | 2015-10-14 | 云南云铝润鑫铝业有限公司 | Aluminum electrolytic waste slot lining closed-loop recycling method |
| CN105132950A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-09 | 郑州经纬科技实业有限公司 | System and method for producing fully-graphitized carbon product through waste cathode carbon blocks of electrolyzed aluminum |
| WO2017031798A1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | 沈阳北冶冶金科技有限公司 | Apparatus for treating and recycling aluminum electrolysis solid waste |
| CN106949482A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-14 | 广州拉斯卡工程咨询有限公司 | A kind of continuous incineration treatment method of abraum salt |
| RU2804973C1 (en) * | 2023-01-30 | 2023-10-09 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Method for preparing recycling of loose lining material from the cathode device of electrolyser and device for its implementation |
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