CN103850872A - Comprehensive optimization test method of combined relationship of Kaplan turbine - Google Patents
Comprehensive optimization test method of combined relationship of Kaplan turbine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明介绍了一种转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化试验方法，包括下述步骤：（1）布置测点；（2）划分水头；（3）设定阀值；（4）确定原则；（5）调整机组；（6）调节开度；（7）定导叶变桨叶；（7.1）调节桨叶开度；（7.2）整理试验数据；（7.3）确定最优桨叶开度；（7.4）优化协联关系曲线。本方法：1）简单，操作性强；2）避免了现行转桨式水轮机运行稳定性无法得到保障的缺陷，可为水轮机协联优化试验提供指导；3）指导转桨式水轮机协联关系优化，既确保了水轮机的经济效益，又保障了机组的安全性，避免了单纯依赖水轮机效率特性优化方法的盲目性。The present invention introduces a test method for comprehensive optimization of association relationship of rotary paddle turbines, including the following steps: (1) arranging measuring points; (2) dividing water head; (3) setting threshold; (4) determining principles; (5) Adjust the unit; (6) Adjust the opening; (7) Adjust the fixed guide vane to change the blade; (7.1) Adjust the blade opening; (7.2) Organize the test data; (7.3) Determine the optimal blade opening; (7.4) Optimize the association relationship curve. This method: 1) is simple and has strong operability; 2) avoids the defect that the operation stability of the current rotary paddle turbine cannot be guaranteed, and can provide guidance for the optimization test of the turbine association; 3) guides the optimization of the association relationship of the rotary paddle turbine , which not only ensures the economic benefits of the turbine, but also ensures the safety of the unit, and avoids the blindness of relying solely on the optimization method of the efficiency characteristics of the turbine.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于水轮机技术领域，涉及一种转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化试验方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of water turbines, and relates to a comprehensive optimization test method for association relations of paddle-type water turbines.
背景技术Background technique
随着清洁能源水力发电得到大力开发，转桨式水轮机被要求能够保持各工况下的高效稳定运行。而各水头下其桨叶与导叶的曲线组合，即为转桨式水轮机的协联曲线。在最优协联关系下，水轮机的桨叶与导叶始终处于最佳工作状态，此时流道内流态最佳、水流最平稳，机组振动及水轮机气蚀最小、效率最高。因此协联关系是否正确或是否最优直接影响到水轮机效率和运行稳定性，偏差严重时将引发水轮机组异常振动。如四川紫兰坝水电站贯流式机组，就因协联曲线不正确导致机组严重振动，当时其水导振动达到了500微米。协联关系的确定一般是制造厂家根据模型试验或理论计算结果，按照效率最优的原则得出。由于安装加工偏差、调速器的调节性能以及水轮机模型与原型规律差异性等因素，都会导致厂家提供的协联曲线并非是实际最佳的协联关系，而且水轮机制造厂家一般均没有提供小导叶开度，即40～50%以下导叶开度的协联曲线。因此，转桨式水轮机的协联关系需要在真机上校核、优化。而现场转桨式水轮机的最优协联工况的确定，通常在若干水头下采用导叶——桨叶开度的最高效率点来确定真机在该水头下的最佳导叶——桨叶对应关系，即为该水头下的最优协联关系。由于转桨式水轮机组水头与压力低、流道差压偏小，测压管路易堵塞、测量面不平整，水轮机效率测量误差较大，因此，测量得的水轮机效率值往往因为误差较大而不可靠，低负荷工况下这种情况尤为突出，而且仅依据效率最优来进行协联优化，往往会导致机组振动增大情况发生，而机组的安全稳定运行同样也是电厂关心的重点。因此，对现行的转桨式水轮机协联关系优化方法进行改进是十分必要的。With the vigorous development of clean energy hydropower, paddle turbines are required to maintain efficient and stable operation under various working conditions. The combination of the blade and the guide vane curve under each water head is the association curve of the paddle turbine. Under the optimal cooperative relationship, the blades and guide vanes of the turbine are always in the best working condition. At this time, the flow state in the flow channel is the best, the water flow is the most stable, the vibration of the unit and the cavitation of the turbine are the smallest, and the efficiency is the highest. Therefore, whether the association relationship is correct or optimal directly affects the efficiency and operation stability of the turbine, and when the deviation is serious, it will cause abnormal vibration of the turbine unit. For example, the tubular unit of Zilanba Hydropower Station in Sichuan suffered severe vibration due to incorrect association curves. At that time, the hydraulic vibration of the unit reached 500 microns. The association relationship is generally determined by the manufacturer based on the results of model tests or theoretical calculations, and in accordance with the principle of optimal efficiency. Due to factors such as installation and processing deviations, the adjustment performance of the governor, and the difference between the turbine model and the prototype law, the association curve provided by the manufacturer is not the actual best association relationship, and the turbine manufacturer generally does not provide a small guide. Leaf opening, that is, the association curve of guide vane opening below 40-50%. Therefore, the association relationship of the rotary paddle turbine needs to be checked and optimized on the real machine. For the determination of the optimal cooperative working condition of the on-site rotary paddle turbine, the guide vane-blade opening is usually used at a certain water head to determine the best guide vane-propeller for the real machine under the water head. The corresponding relationship between leaves is the optimal association relationship under the water head. Due to the low water head and pressure of the rotary paddle turbine unit, the small differential pressure of the flow channel, the blockage of the pressure measuring pipe, the uneven measurement surface, and the large error in the measurement of the efficiency of the turbine, the measured efficiency value of the turbine is often due to large errors. Unreliable, especially under low-load conditions, and the joint optimization based on the best efficiency often leads to increased vibration of the unit, and the safe and stable operation of the unit is also the focus of power plants. Therefore, it is very necessary to improve the current optimization method for association relationship of propeller turbines.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是，针对现有转桨式水轮机协联关系优化技术的缺陷，提供一种基于机组运行稳定性特性和水轮机效率特性的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化试验方法，通过该方法开展的试验，可为转桨式水轮机的协联优化工作提供指导。The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a comprehensive optimization test method for the association relationship of the rotor blade turbine based on the operating stability characteristics of the unit and the efficiency characteristics of the turbine, aiming at the defects of the existing optimization technology of the association relationship of the rotor blade turbine, The test carried out by this method can provide guidance for the joint optimization of the propeller turbine.
本发明的技术方案是，所提供的这种转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化试验方法包括下述步骤：The technical solution of the present invention is that the comprehensive optimization test method for the associated relationship of the paddle type water turbine provided comprises the following steps:
（1）、布置测点。使用常规方法，在待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组上布置包括机组振动测点、机组摆度测点、水轮机水压脉动测点在内的转桨式水轮机组稳定性试验测点，和包括机组功率测点、水轮机流道差压测点或水轮机蜗壳差压测点、水轮机流道进口压力测点或水轮机蜗壳进口压力测点、尾水管出口压力测点在内的转桨式水轮机效率试验测点，以及包括导叶开度、桨叶开度、上游水位、下游水位、机组频率、功率因数在内的背景量测点；(1) Arrange the measuring points. Use the conventional method to arrange the stability test measurement points of the rotary paddle turbine unit, including the unit vibration measurement point, the unit swing measurement point, and the water pressure fluctuation measurement point of the turbine, on the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized, and Rotary paddle type including unit power measuring points, turbine flow channel differential pressure measuring points or turbine volute differential pressure measuring points, turbine flow channel inlet pressure measuring points or turbine volute inlet pressure measuring points, draft tube outlet pressure measuring points Turbine efficiency test measurement points, and background measurement points including guide vane opening, blade opening, upstream water level, downstream water level, unit frequency, and power factor;
（2）、划分水头。将待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的运行水头划分为3～5个试验水头段；(2) Divide the water head. Divide the operating water head of the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized into 3 to 5 test water head sections;
（3）、设定阀值。依据国家标准GB/T11348.5和国家标准GB/T6075.5、国家标准GB/T7894、国家标准GB/T15468、国家标准GB/T8564，使用常规方法，分别设定步骤（1）所获待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的水轮机组稳定性试验中机组振动测点、机组摆度测点、水轮机水压脉动测点的幅值增大阀值，作为待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的依据；(3), set the threshold. According to the national standard GB/T11348.5, national standard GB/T6075.5, national standard GB/T7894, national standard GB/T15468, national standard GB/T8564, using the conventional method, respectively set step (1) to be synthesized In the stability test of the rotary paddle turbine unit in the optimization test, the amplitude increase threshold of the unit vibration measurement point, the unit swing measurement point, and the hydraulic pressure fluctuation measurement point of the turbine are used as the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized. The basis for the comprehensive optimization of association relations;
（4）、确定原则。确定待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则，该待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则之一为小开度稳定性特性优先原则，即空载开度以上、导叶开度或桨叶开度40～50%以下的小开度工况下，采用优先考虑机组运行稳定性特性的原则；该待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则之二为大开度能量特性优先原则，即导叶开度或桨叶开度40～50%以上的大开度工况下，采用优先考虑水轮机效率特性的原则；(4) Determine the principle. Determine the principle of comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the impeller turbine to be comprehensively optimized. One of the principles for the comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the impeller turbine to be comprehensively optimized is the priority principle of small opening stability characteristics, that is, the no-load In the case of a small opening above the opening and below 40% to 50% of the opening of the guide vane or the opening of the blade, the principle of giving priority to the operating stability of the unit is adopted; The second principle of comprehensive optimization is the principle of giving priority to the energy characteristics of the large opening, that is, the principle of giving priority to the efficiency characteristics of the turbine under the conditions of large opening of the guide vane opening or blade opening of 40-50% or more;
（5）、调整机组。检查待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的电气、机械及调速系统有无故障，检查并清理该机组的拦污栅和测压管道。使用常规方法，将该机组的上游水位、下游水位、发电机功率、机组频率、功率因数分别调整至综合优化试验时的要求值；(5) Adjust the unit. Check whether the electrical, mechanical and speed control systems of the rotary paddle turbine unit to be tested for comprehensive optimization are faulty, and check and clean the trash rack and pressure measuring pipes of the unit. Use conventional methods to adjust the unit's upstream water level, downstream water level, generator power, unit frequency, and power factor to the required values during the comprehensive optimization test;
（6）、调节开度。将待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组并网至空载开度，将该机组的调速器切至现地控制，该机组的协联置于自动状态，手动单方向调节该机组的导叶开度，使导叶开度分别逐个稳定在空载开度、30％开度、40％开度、50％开度、60％开度、65%开度、70%开度、75%开度、80%开度、85%开度、90%开度、95%开度、试验水头最大负荷所允许的导叶开度，稳定时间分别为3～5分钟，记录各工况测点测到的试验数据；(6) Adjust the opening. Connect the rotary paddle turbine unit to be tested comprehensively to the no-load opening, switch the governor of the unit to local control, put the association of the unit in the automatic state, and manually adjust the guide of the unit in one direction. Leaf opening, so that the opening of the guide vane is stable at no-load opening, 30% opening, 40% opening, 50% opening, 60% opening, 65% opening, 70% opening, 75% opening Opening degree, 80% opening degree, 85% opening degree, 90% opening degree, 95% opening degree, guide vane opening degree allowed by the maximum load of the test water head, the stabilization time is 3 to 5 minutes respectively, record the measuring points of each working condition The measured test data;
（7）、定导叶变桨叶。(7), fixed guide vane variable blade.
（7.1）、调节桨叶开度。将待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的导叶开度分别逐个稳定在空载开度、30％开度、35%开度、40％开度、45%开度、50％开度、55%开度、60%开度、65%开度、70%开度、75%开度、80%开度、85%开度、90%开度、95%开度、试验水头最大负荷所允许的导叶开度，解除所述调速器的自动协联，固定各导叶开度，手动单方向调节桨叶开度，在距离待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的原协联桨叶开度-15%～+15%范围内单向调节4～6个桨叶开度，使变桨叶工况涵盖最大效率工况，每个变桨叶工况稳定3～5分钟，稳定期间记录各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据；(7.1), adjust the blade opening. The guide vane openings of the rotary paddle turbine units to be comprehensively optimized were stabilized at no-load opening, 30% opening, 35% opening, 40% opening, 45% opening, 50% opening, 55% opening, 60% opening, 65% opening, 70% opening, 75% opening, 80% opening, 85% opening, 90% opening, 95% opening, the maximum load of the test water head Allowable guide vane opening, cancel the automatic association of the governor, fix the opening of each guide vane, manually adjust the blade opening in one direction, within the distance from the original association of the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized One-way adjustment of 4 to 6 blade openings within the range of blade opening -15% to +15%, so that the working conditions of variable blades cover the maximum efficiency conditions, and each working condition of variable blades is stable for 3 to 5 minutes. During the stabilization period, record the efficiency test data of the hydraulic turbines in each variable blade working condition measured by the measuring points of each guide vane working condition;
（7.2）、整理试验数据。(7.2) Organize test data.
（7.2.1）、整理转桨式水轮机组水轮机效率试验数据。使用常规方法，整理步骤（7.1）记录的各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据，得到包括机组功率测点幅值、水轮机流道差压测点幅值或水轮机蜗壳差压测点幅值、水轮机流道进口压力测点幅值或水轮机蜗壳进口压力测点幅值、尾水管出口压力测点幅值在内的水轮机效率试验测点幅值，以及包括导叶开度、桨叶开度、上游水位、下游水位、机组频率、功率因数在内的背景量测点幅值。依据上述各测点幅值，使用常规计算方法，计算出转桨式水轮机组的水轮机效率；再依据计算出的转桨式水轮机组的水轮机效率，使用常规方法，绘制出上述各导叶工况下的水轮机效率——变桨叶开度的趋势图。然后，使用最小二乘法对所绘制出的各导叶工况下的水轮机效率——变桨叶开度趋势图进行拟合。所述各导叶工况的水轮机效率——变桨叶开度趋势图将为确定各导叶工况中水轮机效率较优桨叶工况点提供依据；(7.2.1) Organize the turbine efficiency test data of the propeller turbine unit. Use the conventional method to sort out the test data of turbine efficiency in each variable blade working condition recorded in step (7.1), and obtain the amplitude of the measuring point including the power of the unit and the amplitude of the differential pressure measuring point in the flow channel of the turbine Or the amplitude of the differential pressure measuring point of the turbine volute, the amplitude of the pressure measuring point at the inlet of the turbine flow channel, or the amplitude of the pressure measuring point at the inlet of the turbine volute, the amplitude of the measuring point of the outlet pressure of the draft tube, and the amplitude of the measuring point of the turbine efficiency test, And the amplitude of background measurement points including guide vane opening, blade opening, upstream water level, downstream water level, unit frequency, power factor. According to the above-mentioned amplitude values of each measuring point, use the conventional calculation method to calculate the turbine efficiency of the rotary paddle turbine unit; then use the conventional method to draw the above-mentioned working conditions of the guide vanes according to the calculated turbine efficiency of the rotary paddle turbine unit The turbine efficiency below - the trend graph of the pitch blade opening. Then, the least square method is used to fit the drawn turbine efficiency-pitch blade opening trend diagram under each guide vane working condition. The turbine efficiency of each guide vane working condition-the blade opening trend diagram will provide a basis for determining the better blade working condition point of the turbine efficiency in each guide vane working condition;
(7.2.2)、整理转桨式水轮机组稳定性试验数据。使用常规方法，整理步骤（7.1）记录的各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据，得到包括机组振动测点幅值、机组摆度测点幅值、水轮机水压脉动测点幅值在内的水轮机组稳定性试验测点幅值，以及包括导叶开度、桨叶开度、上游水位、下游水位、机组频率、功率因数在内的背景量测点幅值。依据上述各测点幅值，使用常规方法，绘制出上述各导叶工况下的稳定性试验测点幅值——变桨叶开度的趋势图。所述各导叶工况下稳定性试验测点幅值——变桨叶开度趋势图将为确定各导叶工况中水轮机组稳定性较优桨叶工况点提供依据；(7.2.2) Organize the stability test data of the propeller turbine unit. Use conventional methods to sort out the efficiency test data of turbines in each variable-pitch operating condition recorded in step (7.1) to obtain the amplitude of the vibration measuring point of the unit, the amplitude of the swing measuring point of the unit, and the turbine efficiency test data. The amplitude of the stability test measurement points of the hydraulic turbine unit including the amplitude of the water pressure pulsation measurement points, and the background measurement points including the guide vane opening, blade opening, upstream water level, downstream water level, unit frequency, and power factor amplitude. According to the above-mentioned amplitudes of each measuring point, use the conventional method to draw the trend graph of the amplitude of the stability test measuring points-the pitch blade opening under the above-mentioned guide vane working conditions. The amplitude of the stability test measuring point under each guide vane working condition - the trend graph of the blade opening will provide a basis for determining the blade working condition point with better stability of the water turbine unit in each guide vane working condition;
（7.3）、确定最优桨叶开度。(7.3) Determine the optimal blade opening.
（7.3.1）、确定小导叶开度工况协联关系。依据步骤（4）所确定的待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则，根据步骤（7.1）所获各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据；选取依据步骤(7.2.2)所绘各导叶工况下的稳定性试验测点幅值——变桨叶开度的趋势图，使用常规方法，选出测点幅值小于原协联工况测点幅值且幅值最小的桨叶的桨叶开度为最优桨叶开度。依据以上原则依次确定其余导叶开度的最优桨叶开度；(7.3.1) Determine the association relationship of the working conditions of the small guide vane opening. According to the principle of comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the propeller turbine to be comprehensively optimized in the test determined in step (4), according to the efficiency Test data; select the amplitude of the stability test measuring point under each guide vane working condition drawn in step (7.2.2) - the trend diagram of the pitch blade opening, and use the conventional method to select the amplitude of the measuring point smaller than the original The blade opening of the blade with the smallest amplitude and the amplitude of the measurement points in the association working condition is the optimal blade opening. According to the above principles, the optimal blade openings of the remaining guide vane openings are sequentially determined;
（7.3.2）、确定大导叶开度工况协联关系。依据步骤（4）所确定的待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则，根据步骤（7.1）所获各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据，依据步骤（7.2.1）所绘制出的上述各导叶工况下的水轮机效率——变桨叶开度的趋势图，使用常规方法，选出水轮机效率高于上述待定导叶工况下原协联工况点水轮机效率的2～3个桨叶开度，再在待选的桨叶开度工况中，根据步骤(7.2.2)所绘各导叶工况下的稳定性试验测点幅值——变桨叶开度的趋势图，选出稳定性试验测点幅度增大不超出步骤（3）所确定的机组振动测点、机组摆度测点、水轮机水压脉动测点的幅值增大阀值的桨叶开度，为待定导叶开度下的最优桨叶开度。依据以上原则依次确定其余导叶开度的最优桨叶开度；(7.3.2) Determine the association relationship of the large guide vane opening condition. According to the principle of comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the propeller turbine to be comprehensively optimized in the test determined in step (4), according to the efficiency According to the test data, the turbine efficiency under the above-mentioned guide vane working conditions drawn in step (7.2.1) - the trend diagram of the pitch blade opening, using the conventional method, select the turbine whose efficiency is higher than the above-mentioned undetermined guide vane work 2 to 3 blade openings of the turbine efficiency at the original Xielian working condition point, and then in the blade opening working conditions to be selected, according to the stability of each guide vane working condition drawn in step (7.2.2) The amplitude of the stability test measuring point——the trend graph of the pitch blade opening, and the amplitude of the selected stability test measuring point does not exceed the vibration measuring point of the unit determined in step (3), the unit swing measuring point, and the water pressure of the turbine. The blade opening of the amplitude increase threshold of the pulsation measuring point is the optimal blade opening under the undetermined guide vane opening. According to the above principles, the optimal blade openings of the remaining guide vane openings are sequentially determined;
（7.4）、优化协联关系曲线。依据步骤（7.3）选出的各导叶开度的最优桨叶开度，使用常规方法，绘制出所述各水头下的桨叶与导叶开度的关系曲线，采用最小二乘法拟合方法将所述各水头下的协联曲线进行拟合优化处理，以使协联曲线光滑、规律性更强。(7.4), optimize association relationship curve. According to the optimal blade opening of each guide vane opening selected in step (7.3), use the conventional method to draw the relationship curve between the blade and the guide vane opening under each water head, and use the least square method to fit Methods The correlation curves under each water head were fitted and optimized to make the correlation curves smoother and more regular.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1）、试验方法简单，操作性强；1) The test method is simple and operable;
2）、避免了现行转桨式水轮机使用协联优化常规方法，仅依据水轮机效率所导致的可靠性不高、运行稳定性无法得到保障的缺陷，可为水轮机协联优化试验提供指导；2) It avoids the conventional method of synergy optimization for the current rotary paddle turbine, and only based on the defects of low reliability and unguaranteed operation stability caused by the efficiency of the turbine, which can provide guidance for the optimization test of the hydro turbine association;
3）、通过该方法指导转桨式水轮机协联关系优化，综合考虑到了机组运行稳定性和水轮机效率特性，既确保了水轮机的经济效益，又保障了机组的安全性，避免了单纯依赖水轮机效率特性优化方法的盲目性。3) By using this method to guide the optimization of the association relationship of the rotary paddle turbine, the operation stability of the unit and the efficiency characteristics of the turbine are comprehensively considered, which not only ensures the economic benefits of the turbine, but also ensures the safety of the unit, and avoids relying solely on the efficiency of the turbine The blindness of the characteristic optimization method.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1：Example 1:
（1）、布置测点。使用常规方法，在待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组上布置包括机组振动测点、机组摆度测点、水轮机水压脉动测点在内的转桨式水轮机组稳定性试验测点，和包括机组功率测点、水轮机流道差压测点或水轮机蜗壳差压测点、水轮机流道进口压力测点或水轮机蜗壳进口压力测点、尾水管出口压力测点在内的转桨式水轮机效率试验测点，以及包括导叶开度、桨叶开度、上游水位、下游水位、机组频率、功率因数在内的背景量测点；(1) Arrange the measuring points. Use the conventional method to arrange the stability test measurement points of the rotary paddle turbine unit, including the unit vibration measurement point, the unit swing measurement point, and the water pressure fluctuation measurement point of the turbine, on the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized, and Rotary paddle type including unit power measuring points, turbine flow channel differential pressure measuring points or turbine volute differential pressure measuring points, turbine flow channel inlet pressure measuring points or turbine volute inlet pressure measuring points, draft tube outlet pressure measuring points Turbine efficiency test measurement points, and background measurement points including guide vane opening, blade opening, upstream water level, downstream water level, unit frequency, and power factor;
（2）、划分水头。将待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的运行水头划分为3个试验水头段；(2) Divide the water head. Divide the operating water head of the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized into three test head sections;
（3）、设定阀值。依据国家标准GB/T11348.5和国家标准GB/T6075.5、国家标准GB/T7894、国家标准GB/T15468、国家标准GB/T8564，使用常规方法，分别设定步骤（1）所获待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的水轮机组稳定性试验中机组振动测点、机组摆度测点、水轮机水压脉动测点的幅值增大阀值，作为待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的依据；(3), set the threshold. According to the national standard GB/T11348.5, national standard GB/T6075.5, national standard GB/T7894, national standard GB/T15468, national standard GB/T8564, using the conventional method, respectively set step (1) to be synthesized In the stability test of the rotary paddle turbine unit in the optimization test, the amplitude increase threshold of the unit vibration measurement point, the unit swing measurement point, and the hydraulic pressure fluctuation measurement point of the turbine are used as the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized. The basis for the comprehensive optimization of association relations;
（4）、确定原则。确定待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则为小开度稳定性特性优先原则，即空载开度以上、导叶开度40%以下的小开度工况下，采用优先考虑机组运行稳定性特性的原则；(4) Determine the principle. It is determined that the principle of comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the propeller turbine to be comprehensively optimized is the principle of priority for small opening stability characteristics, that is, under the condition of small opening above no-load opening and below 40% of the guide vane opening, use The principle of giving priority to the characteristics of unit operation stability;
（5）、调整机组。检查待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的电气、机械及调速系统有无故障，检查并清理该机组的拦污栅和测压管道。使用常规方法，将该机组的上游水位、下游水位、发电机功率、机组频率、功率因数分别调整至综合优化试验时的要求值；(5) Adjust the unit. Check whether the electrical, mechanical and speed control systems of the rotary paddle turbine unit to be tested for comprehensive optimization are faulty, and check and clean the trash rack and pressure measuring pipes of the unit. Use conventional methods to adjust the unit's upstream water level, downstream water level, generator power, unit frequency, and power factor to the required values during the comprehensive optimization test;
（6）、调节开度。将待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组并网至空载开度，将该机组的调速器切至现地控制，该机组的协联置于自动状态，手动单方向调节该机组的导叶开度，使导叶开度分别逐个稳定在空载开度、30％开度、40％开度、50％开度、60％开度、65%开度、70%开度、75%开度、80%开度、85%开度、90%开度、95%开度、试验水头最大负荷所允许的导叶开度，稳定时间分别为3分钟，记录各工况测点测到的试验数据；(6) Adjust the opening. Connect the rotary paddle turbine unit to be tested comprehensively to the no-load opening, switch the governor of the unit to local control, put the association of the unit in the automatic state, and manually adjust the guide of the unit in one direction. Leaf opening, so that the opening of the guide vane is stable at no-load opening, 30% opening, 40% opening, 50% opening, 60% opening, 65% opening, 70% opening, 75% opening Opening degree, 80% opening degree, 85% opening degree, 90% opening degree, 95% opening degree, guide vane opening degree allowed by the maximum load of the test water head, the stabilization time is 3 minutes respectively, and the measured points of each working condition are recorded test data;
（7）、定导叶变桨叶。(7), fixed guide vane variable blade.
（7.1）、调节桨叶开度。将待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的导叶开度分别逐个稳定在空载开度、30％开度、35%开度、40％开度、45%开度、50％开度、55%开度、60%开度、65%开度、70%开度、75%开度、80%开度、85%开度、90%开度、95%开度、试验水头最大负荷所允许的导叶开度，解除所述调速器的自动协联，固定各导叶开度，手动单方向调节桨叶开度，在距离待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的原协联桨叶开度-15%～+15%范围内单向调节4个桨叶开度，使变桨叶工况涵盖最大效率工况，每个变桨叶工况稳定3分钟，稳定期间记录各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据；(7.1), adjust the blade opening. The guide vane openings of the rotary paddle turbine units to be comprehensively optimized were stabilized at no-load opening, 30% opening, 35% opening, 40% opening, 45% opening, 50% opening, 55% opening, 60% opening, 65% opening, 70% opening, 75% opening, 80% opening, 85% opening, 90% opening, 95% opening, the maximum load of the test water head Allowable guide vane opening, cancel the automatic association of the governor, fix the opening of each guide vane, manually adjust the blade opening in one direction, within the distance from the original association of the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized The 4 blade openings are unidirectionally adjusted within the range of -15%～+15% of the blade opening, so that the working condition of the variable blade covers the maximum efficiency condition, and each working condition of the variable blade is stable for 3 minutes. Efficiency test data of turbines under each variable pitch blade condition measured at the guide vane condition measuring point;
（7.2）、整理试验数据。(7.2) Organize test data.
（7.2.1）、整理转桨式水轮机组水轮机效率试验数据。使用常规方法，整理步骤（7.1）记录的各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据，得到包括机组功率测点幅值、水轮机流道差压测点幅值或水轮机蜗壳差压测点幅值、水轮机流道进口压力测点幅值或水轮机蜗壳进口压力测点幅值、尾水管出口压力测点幅值在内的水轮机效率试验测点幅值，以及包括导叶开度、桨叶开度、上游水位、下游水位、机组频率、功率因数在内的背景量测点幅值。依据上述各测点幅值，使用常规计算方法，计算出转桨式水轮机组的水轮机效率；再依据计算出的转桨式水轮机组的水轮机效率，使用常规方法，绘制出上述各导叶工况下的水轮机效率——变桨叶开度的趋势图。然后，使用最小二乘法对所绘制出的各导叶工况下的水轮机效率——变桨叶开度趋势图进行拟合；(7.2.1) Organize the turbine efficiency test data of the propeller turbine unit. Use the conventional method to sort out the test data of turbine efficiency in each variable blade working condition recorded in step (7.1), and obtain the amplitude of the measuring point including the power of the unit and the amplitude of the differential pressure measuring point in the flow channel of the turbine Or the amplitude of the differential pressure measuring point of the turbine volute, the amplitude of the pressure measuring point at the inlet of the turbine flow channel, or the amplitude of the pressure measuring point at the inlet of the turbine volute, the amplitude of the measuring point of the outlet pressure of the draft tube, and the amplitude of the measuring point of the turbine efficiency test, And the amplitude of background measurement points including guide vane opening, blade opening, upstream water level, downstream water level, unit frequency, power factor. According to the above-mentioned amplitude values of each measuring point, use the conventional calculation method to calculate the turbine efficiency of the rotary paddle turbine unit; then use the conventional method to draw the above-mentioned working conditions of the guide vanes according to the calculated turbine efficiency of the rotary paddle turbine unit The turbine efficiency below - the trend graph of the pitch blade opening. Then, use the least squares method to fit the drawn turbine efficiency-pitch blade opening trend graph under each guide vane working condition;
(7.2.2)、整理转桨式水轮机组稳定性试验数据。使用常规方法，整理步骤（7.1）记录的各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据，得到包括机组振动测点幅值、机组摆度测点幅值、水轮机水压脉动测点幅值在内的水轮机组稳定性试验测点幅值，以及包括导叶开度、桨叶开度、上游水位、下游水位、机组频率、功率因数在内的背景量测点幅值。依据上述各测点幅值，使用常规方法，绘制出上述各导叶工况下的稳定性试验测点幅值——变桨叶开度的趋势图；(7.2.2) Organize the stability test data of the propeller turbine unit. Use conventional methods to sort out the efficiency test data of turbines in each variable-pitch operating condition recorded in step (7.1) to obtain the amplitude of the vibration measuring point of the unit, the amplitude of the swing measuring point of the unit, and the turbine efficiency test data. The amplitude of the stability test measurement points of the hydraulic turbine unit including the amplitude of the water pressure pulsation measurement points, and the background measurement points including the guide vane opening, blade opening, upstream water level, downstream water level, unit frequency, and power factor amplitude. According to the above-mentioned amplitudes of each measuring point, use the conventional method to draw the amplitude of the stability test measuring points under the above-mentioned guide vane working conditions - the trend diagram of the pitch blade opening;
（7.3）、确定最优桨叶开度。(7.3) Determine the optimal blade opening.
（7.3.1）、确定小导叶开度工况协联关系。依据步骤（4）所确定的待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则，根据步骤（7.1）所获各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据；选取依据步骤(7.2.2)所绘各导叶工况下的稳定性试验测点幅值——变桨叶开度的趋势图，使用常规方法，选出测点幅值小于原协联工况测点幅值且幅值最小的桨叶的桨叶开度为最优桨叶开度。依据以上原则依次确定其余导叶开度的最优桨叶开度；(7.3.1) Determine the association relationship of the working conditions of the small guide vane opening. According to the principle of comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the propeller turbine to be comprehensively optimized in the test determined in step (4), according to the efficiency Test data; select the amplitude of the stability test measuring point under each guide vane working condition drawn in step (7.2.2) - the trend diagram of the pitch blade opening, and use the conventional method to select the amplitude of the measuring point smaller than the original The blade opening of the blade with the smallest amplitude and the amplitude of the measurement points in the association working condition is the optimal blade opening. According to the above principles, the optimal blade openings of the remaining guide vane openings are sequentially determined;
（7.3.2）、确定大导叶开度工况协联关系。依据步骤（4）所确定的待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则，根据步骤（7.1）所获各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据，依据步骤（7.2.1）所绘制出的上述各导叶工况下的水轮机效率——变桨叶开度的趋势图，使用常规方法，选出水轮机效率高于上述待定导叶工况下原协联工况点水轮机效率的2个桨叶开度，再在待选的桨叶开度工况中，根据步骤(7.2.2)所绘各导叶工况下的稳定性试验测点幅值——变桨叶开度的趋势图，选出稳定性试验测点幅度增大不超出步骤（3）所确定的机组振动测点、机组摆度测点、水轮机水压脉动测点的幅值增大阀值的桨叶开度，为待定导叶开度下的最优桨叶开度。依据以上原则依次确定其余导叶开度的最优桨叶开度；(7.3.2) Determine the association relationship of the large guide vane opening condition. According to the principle of comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the propeller turbine to be comprehensively optimized in the test determined in step (4), according to the efficiency According to the test data, the turbine efficiency under the above-mentioned guide vane working conditions drawn in step (7.2.1) - the trend diagram of the pitch blade opening, using the conventional method, select the turbine whose efficiency is higher than the above-mentioned undetermined guide vane work The two blade openings of turbine efficiency at the original Xielian working condition point, and then in the blade opening working condition to be selected, the stability test under each guide vane working condition drawn according to step (7.2.2) Amplitude of measuring points—the trend graph of blade opening, select the measuring points for stability test whose amplitude does not exceed the unit vibration measuring points determined in step (3), unit swing measuring points, turbine hydraulic pressure pulsation measuring points, etc. The amplitude of the point increases the blade opening of the threshold value, which is the optimal blade opening under the undetermined guide vane opening. According to the above principles, the optimal blade openings of the remaining guide vane openings are sequentially determined;
（7.4）、优化协联关系曲线。依据步骤（7.3）选出的各导叶开度的最优桨叶开度，使用常规方法，绘制出所述各水头下的桨叶与导叶开度的关系曲线，采用最小二乘法拟合方法将所述各水头下的协联曲线进行拟合优化处理；(7.4), optimize association relationship curve. According to the optimal blade opening of each guide vane opening selected in step (7.3), use the conventional method to draw the relationship curve between the blade and the guide vane opening under each water head, and use the least square method to fit The method is to carry out fitting and optimization processing on the association curves under each water head;
实施例2：Example 2:
步骤（1）～（3）同实施例1；Steps (1) to (3) are the same as in Example 1;
（4）、确定原则。确定待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则为大开度能量特性优先原则，即导叶开度或桨叶开度50%以上的大开度工况下，采用优先考虑水轮机效率特性的原则；(4) Determine the principle. It is determined that the principle of comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the rotary paddle turbine to be comprehensively optimized is the principle of priority of the energy characteristics of the large opening, that is, under the large opening condition with the opening of the guide vane or the opening of the blade more than 50%, the priority should be given to Principles of turbine efficiency characteristics;
步骤（5）同实施例1；Step (5) is the same as embodiment 1;
（6）、调节开度。将待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组并网至空载开度，将该机组的调速器切至现地控制，该机组的协联置于自动状态，手动单方向调节该机组的导叶开度，使导叶开度分别逐个稳定在空载开度、30％开度、40％开度、50％开度、60％开度、65%开度、70%开度、75%开度、80%开度、85%开度、90%开度、95%开度、试验水头最大负荷所允许的导叶开度，稳定时间分别为5分钟，记录各工况测点测到的试验数据；(6) Adjust the opening. Connect the rotary paddle turbine unit to be tested comprehensively to the no-load opening, switch the governor of the unit to local control, put the association of the unit in the automatic state, and manually adjust the guide of the unit in one direction. Leaf opening, so that the opening of the guide vane is stable at no-load opening, 30% opening, 40% opening, 50% opening, 60% opening, 65% opening, 70% opening, 75% opening Opening degree, 80% opening degree, 85% opening degree, 90% opening degree, 95% opening degree, the guide vane opening degree allowed by the maximum load of the test water head, the stabilization time is 5 minutes respectively, and the measured points of each working condition are recorded. test data;
（7）、定导叶变桨叶。(7), fixed guide vane variable blade.
（7.1）、调节桨叶开度。将待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的导叶开度分别逐个稳定在空载开度、30％开度、35%开度、40％开度、45%开度、50％开度、55%开度、60%开度、65%开度、70%开度、75%开度、80%开度、85%开度、90%开度、95%开度、试验水头最大负荷所允许的导叶开度，解除所述调速器的自动协联，固定各导叶开度，手动单方向调节桨叶开度，在距离待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机组的原协联桨叶开度-15%～+15%范围内单向调节6个桨叶开度，使变桨叶工况涵盖最大效率工况，每个变桨叶工况稳定5分钟，稳定期间记录各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据；(7.1), adjust the blade opening. The guide vane openings of the rotary paddle turbine units to be comprehensively optimized were stabilized at no-load opening, 30% opening, 35% opening, 40% opening, 45% opening, 50% opening, 55% opening, 60% opening, 65% opening, 70% opening, 75% opening, 80% opening, 85% opening, 90% opening, 95% opening, the maximum load of the test water head Allowable guide vane opening, cancel the automatic association of the governor, fix the opening of each guide vane, manually adjust the blade opening in one direction, within the distance from the original association of the rotary paddle turbine unit to be comprehensively optimized The 6 blade openings are unidirectionally adjusted within the range of -15% to +15% of the blade opening, so that the working condition of the variable blade covers the maximum efficiency condition, and each working condition of the variable blade is stable for 5 minutes. Efficiency test data of turbines under each variable pitch blade condition measured at the guide vane condition measuring point;
步骤（7.2）同实施例1；Step (7.2) is the same as in Example 1;
（7.3）、确定最优桨叶开度。(7.3) Determine the optimal blade opening.
步骤（7.3.1）同实施例1；Step (7.3.1) is the same as in Example 1;
（7.3.2）、确定大导叶开度工况协联关系。依据步骤（4）所确定的待综合优化试验的转桨式水轮机协联关系综合优化的原则，根据步骤（7.1）所获各导叶工况测点测到的各变桨叶工况水轮机效率试验数据，依据步骤（7.2.1）所绘制出的上述各导叶工况下的水轮机效率——变桨叶开度的趋势图，使用常规方法，选出水轮机效率高于上述待定导叶工况下原协联工况点水轮机效率的3个桨叶开度，再在待选的桨叶开度工况中，根据步骤(7.2.2)所绘各导叶工况下的稳定性试验测点幅值——变桨叶开度的趋势图，选出稳定性试验测点幅度增大不超出步骤（3）所确定的机组振动测点、机组摆度测点、水轮机水压脉动测点的幅值增大阀值的桨叶开度，为待定导叶开度下的最优桨叶开度。依据以上原则依次确定其余导叶开度的最优桨叶开度；(7.3.2) Determine the association relationship of the large guide vane opening condition. According to the principle of comprehensive optimization of the association relationship of the propeller turbine to be comprehensively optimized in the test determined in step (4), according to the efficiency According to the test data, the turbine efficiency under the above-mentioned guide vane working conditions drawn in step (7.2.1) - the trend diagram of the pitch blade opening, using the conventional method, select the turbine whose efficiency is higher than the above-mentioned undetermined guide vane work The three blade openings of the turbine efficiency at the original Xielian working condition point, and then in the working condition of the blade opening to be selected, according to the stability test of each guide vane working condition drawn in step (7.2.2) Amplitude of measuring points—the trend graph of blade opening, select the measuring points for stability test whose amplitude does not exceed the unit vibration measuring points determined in step (3), unit swing measuring points, turbine hydraulic pressure pulsation measuring points, etc. The amplitude of the point increases the blade opening of the threshold value, which is the optimal blade opening under the undetermined guide vane opening. According to the above principles, the optimal blade openings of the remaining guide vane openings are sequentially determined;
步骤（7.4）同实施例1。Step (7.4) is the same as in Example 1.
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