CN103847926A - Method for evaluating and warning ship dragging - Google Patents
Method for evaluating and warning ship dragging Download PDFInfo
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- CN103847926A CN103847926A CN201410017420.0A CN201410017420A CN103847926A CN 103847926 A CN103847926 A CN 103847926A CN 201410017420 A CN201410017420 A CN 201410017420A CN 103847926 A CN103847926 A CN 103847926A
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- anchor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating and pre-warning ship dragging. The method comprises a testing stage and a forecasting stage, in the testing stage, a relationship between water depth and anchoring safety coefficient is built, and a corresponding table is generated; in the forecasting stage, the dragging risk is judged by comparing a maximum anchor holding force with a current actual tensile force of an anchor chain. According to the method for evaluating and warning the ship dragging, disclosed by the invention, the measuring method is simple, an evaluating algorithm of the ship dragging is simplified, the operation is simple and convenient, the method is convenient for a navigator to control the ship dragging by adopting corresponding measures in time, and thus the ship anchoring safety is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Dragging assessment and method for early warning.
Background technology
Because increase and the boats and ships of ships quantity maximize, anchorage, each harbour concentration of vessel increases rapidly, is on the increase because of the casualty that Dragging causes, and has caused huge life and property loss in recent years.
In the past for preventing that boats and ships from dragging of anchor in high sea, mainly bias toward early-stage preparations and drag of anchor after how to take measures.Generally, for preventing Dragging, often take to adjust drauht, increase length of chain cable or add measures such as throwing another anchor.
By the investigation to the boats and ships that drag of anchor and analysis, find it is mainly due to Dragging is not carried out to actv. assessment and early warning.Preventing trouble before it happens, is the important channel of reducing Dragging accident, has important society and economic value.The accident that drags of anchor is analysed in depth and shown, there is the general character such as middle early warning link weakness in Dragging.The ship that casts anchor in anchorage carries out periodicity yawing campaign under the external force combineds action such as wind, stream and wave, in yawing process, because external force increases and boats and ships inertia, will anchor chain be produced to huge impulsive force, and this is the immediate cause dragging of anchor.Current Dragging assessment is mostly worth anchor watch by staff on ship and completes, and attendant nurses 24 hours every days in turn, pinpoints the problems and solves, and labour intensity is large, and early warning effect is unsatisfactory.Also there is the method for some early warning, but need to consider many factors, such as anchor chain yawing campaign, anchoring accommodation, anchor chain pulling force, ship buoyance, boats and ships model, load-carrying, wind direction and wind velocity, wave are little, trend etc., although possible in theory, it is quite numerous and diverse that but judgement is got up, also not bery accurate, be therefore difficult to practical application.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the problem existing for above-mentioned prior art, and a kind of measure Dragging assessment and method for early warning simple, convenience of calculation are provided.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of Dragging assessment and method for early warning, it is characterized in that, and comprise experimental phase and forecast period,
The described experimental phase comprises the following steps:
Step 1), boats and ships are anchored on to the position in anchorage, measure the heavy G of anchor of boats and ships, and be input in the first control device being arranged on boats and ships;
Step 2), measure depth of water H now of boats and ships, and the depth of water H recording is transferred to first control device;
Step 3), start boats and ships, anchor chain pulling force is strengthened gradually, the anchor chain pulling force L recording when boats and ships are just in time dragged of anchor is recorded in first control device, and F=G*K=L now, F is anchor holding power, K is anchoring safety factor;
Step 4), according to certain incremental step, choose the anchorage depth of water and be greater than step 1) in position grappling boats and ships, measure the depth of water now, after this repeating step 3);
Step 5), measure behind n anchor station, obtain n bathymetric data H
1, H
2..., Hn, and n anchor holding power data F correspondingly
1, F
2..., Fn, by each anchor holding power data F
1, F
2..., Fn is respectively divided by the heavy G of anchor, obtains corresponding n the safety K that anchors
1, K
2kn;
Step 6), by n bathymetric data H
1, H
2..., Hn and n the corresponding safety K that anchors
1, K
2..., Kn deposits first control device in tabulated form;
Described forecast period comprises the following steps:
Step 7), boats and ships are anchored on to any one position in anchorage, measure current depth of water h and current anchor chain pulling force l, and be transferred to first control device, by query steps 6) in form obtain the current anchoring safety factor k that current depth of water h is corresponding;
Step 8), current anchoring safety factor k be multiplied by the heavy G of anchor obtain the maximum anchor holding power f allowing;
Step 9), by current anchor chain pulling force l and maximum anchor holding power f comparison, in the time that the ratio of current anchor chain pulling force l and maximum anchor holding power f is more than or equal to default threshold value, report to the police.
Wherein, further, in step 8) in, maximum anchor holding power f is calculated by first control device, and this maximum anchor holding power f calculating and current anchor chain pulling force l are sent to the second control device being arranged on the bank.
Wherein, further, in step 9) in, when first threshold≤
when < Second Threshold, described second control device sends first order early warning, when Second Threshold≤
when <1, described second control device sends second stage early warning, when
>=1 o'clock, described second control device sent third stage early warning, improved gradually advanced warning grade, be convenient to floating staff take appropriate measures in time control drag of anchor, guarantee the safety of Ship Anchoring.
In the time that described second control device sends third stage early warning, confirm distance and the direction of Dragging by GPS orientator simultaneously, avoid flase alarm with this.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, measurement mechanism is, the depth of water of described boats and ships is measured by the fathometer being arranged on boats and ships, and anchor chain pulling force is measured by the pulling force sensor being arranged on anchor line.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: for particular boat, specific anchorage, ship buoyance, boats and ships model, load-carrying, wind direction and wind velocity, wave size etc. are included in anchoring safety factor, the effect of trend is reflected in the depth of water, the assessment algorithm dragging of anchor is simplified, operate also thereupon easy, be convenient to floating staff take appropriate measures in time control drag of anchor, guarantee the safety of Ship Anchoring.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be of the present invention for assessment of and the equipment block diagram of early warning;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of assessment of the present invention and method for early warning.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment is described in further detail the present invention.
A kind of Dragging assessment and method for early warning, the needed equipment of this method comprises the test side equipment being arranged on boats and ships and is arranged at monitoring side equipment on the bank, referring to Fig. 1, test side equipment comprises fathometer 1, pulling force sensor 2, first control device 3.Fathometer 1 is used for measuring the depth of water of boats and ships in the time of the diverse location of anchorage, pulling force sensor 2 by banjo clip on the anchor line of boats and ships, be used for measuring the anchor chain pulling force of boats and ships in the time of the diverse location of anchorage, the data that record are sent to first control device 3 by fathometer 1 and pulling force sensor 2, and first control device 3 is used for storing and the depth of water, the anchor chain pulling force that transmission measures and the anchoring safety factor calculating.Monitoring side equipment comprises and has Presentation Function the second control device 4 of alarm lamp, the read-out etc. of LED lamp, different colours (as be provided with), second control device 4 receives first control device 3 (employing wireless telecommunications), and by the maximum anchor chain pulling force comparison of actual anchor chain pulling force and permission, in the time that appearring in the data that send, danger can realize sound and light alarm.
Test side also comprises GPS orientator 5, determines position of ship by GPS orientator 5, confirms whether boats and ships drag of anchor.
The method that realizes Dragging assessment and early warning by the said equipment, the method comprises two stages, experimental phase and forecast period below are described in detail referring to Fig. 2:
One, the experimental phase
Step 1), boats and ships are anchored on to the position in anchorage, fathometer 1 and pulling force sensor 2 are set on boats and ships, measure the heavy G of anchor of boats and ships, in first control device 3, input the heavy G of anchor;
Step 2), measure depth of water H now with fathometer 1, the depth of water H recording is transferred to first control device 3 by fathometer 1;
Step 3), start boats and ships, anchor chain pulling force is strengthened gradually, the anchor chain pulling force L that pulling force sensor 2 records when just making Dragging is recorded in first control device 3; For the anchor line using for spitkit, the friction force in anchor line and seabed is negligible, therefore can only consider anchor holding power F, and owing to having ignored the friction force in anchor line and seabed, now anchor chain pulling force L equates with anchor holding power F, F=G*K=L, and wherein K is anchoring safety factor;
Step 4), according to certain incremental step, choose the position grappling that marine site, the anchorage depth of water is greater than step 1, measure depth of water H now, after this repeating step 3;
Step 5), measure n anchor station, now obtain n bathymetric data H
1, H
2..., Hn, and n anchor holding power data F correspondingly
1, F
2..., Fn, by each anchor holding power data F
1, F
2..., Fn is respectively divided by the heavy G of anchor, obtains corresponding n the safety K that anchors
1, K
2..., Kn;
Step 6), by n bathymetric data H
1, H
2..., Hn and n the corresponding safety K that anchors
1, K
2..., Kn deposits first control device 3 in tabulated form, is depicted as graph of relation as shown in Figure 3;
Two, forecast period
Step 7), boats and ships are anchored on to any one position in anchorage, measure current depth of water h (for taking from experimental phase n bathymetric data H with fathometer 1
1, H
2..., one of them in Hn), measure current anchor chain pulling force l with pulling force sensor 2, and be transferred to first control device 3, by query steps 6) in form obtain the current anchoring safety factor k that current depth of water h is corresponding (for taking from experimental phase n anchoring secure data K
1, K
2..., one of them in Kn);
Step 8), current anchoring safety factor k is multiplied by the maximum anchor holding power f that the heavy G of anchor obtains allowing (is experimental phase n anchor holding power data F to first control device 3
1, F
2..., one of them in Fn), and this maximum anchor holding power f calculating and current anchor chain pulling force l are sent to second control device 4;
Step 9), second control device 4 is current anchor chain pulling force l and maximum anchor holding power f comparison; If the ratio first threshold of current anchor chain pulling force l and maximum anchor holding power f≤
< Second Threshold, first threshold and Second Threshold are preset in second control device 4, and first threshold can be as 90%, and Second Threshold can be as 95%, sends first order early warning, as is spaced apart the chimes of doom of 1s, yellow alarm lamp flicker simultaneously; If the ratio Second Threshold of current anchor chain pulling force l and maximum anchor holding power f≤
<1, sends second stage early warning, as is spaced apart the chimes of doom of 0.5s, simultaneously yellow and red alarm lamp flicker; If the ratio of current anchor chain pulling force l and maximum anchor holding power f
>=1, send third stage early warning, as be spaced apart the chimes of doom of 0.1s, simultaneously yellow and red alarm lamp glimmers, and confirms actual Dragging information simultaneously and on second control device 4, show distance and the direction of actual Dragging by GPS orientator 5.
Claims (5)
1. Dragging assessment and a method for early warning, is characterized in that, comprises experimental phase and forecast period,
The described experimental phase comprises the following steps:
Step 1), boats and ships are anchored on to the position in anchorage, measure the heavy G of anchor of boats and ships, and be input in the first control device (3) being arranged on boats and ships;
Step 2), measure depth of water H now of boats and ships, and the depth of water H recording is transferred to first control device (3);
Step 3), start boats and ships, anchor chain pulling force is strengthened gradually, the anchor chain pulling force L recording when boats and ships are just in time dragged of anchor is recorded in first control device (3), and F=G*K=L now, F is anchor holding power, K is anchoring safety factor;
Step 4), according to certain incremental step, choose the anchorage depth of water and be greater than step 1) in position grappling boats and ships, measure the depth of water now, after this repeating step 3);
Step 5), measure behind n anchor station, obtain n bathymetric data H
1, H
2..., Hn, and n anchor holding power data F correspondingly
1, F
2..., Fn, by each anchor holding power data F
1, F
2..., Fn is respectively divided by the heavy G of anchor, obtains corresponding n the safety K that anchors
1, K
2kn;
Step 6), by n bathymetric data H
1, H
2..., Hn and n the corresponding safety K that anchors
1, K
2..., Kn deposits first control device (3) in tabulated form;
Described forecast period comprises the following steps:
Step 7), boats and ships are anchored on to any one position in anchorage, measure current depth of water h and current anchor chain pulling force l, and be transferred to first control device (3), by query steps 6) in form obtain the current anchoring safety factor k that current depth of water h is corresponding;
Step 8), current anchoring safety factor k be multiplied by the heavy G of anchor obtain the maximum anchor holding power f allowing;
Step 9), by current anchor chain pulling force l and maximum anchor holding power f comparison, in the time that the ratio of current anchor chain pulling force l and maximum anchor holding power f is more than or equal to default threshold value, report to the police.
2. Dragging assessment as claimed in claim 1 and method for early warning, it is characterized in that, in step 8) in, maximum anchor holding power f is calculated by first control device (3), and this maximum anchor holding power f calculating and current anchor chain pulling force l are sent to the second control device (4) being arranged on the bank.
3. Dragging as claimed in claim 2 assessment and method for early warning, is characterized in that, in step 9) in, when first threshold≤
when < Second Threshold, described second control device (4) sends first order early warning, when Second Threshold≤
when <1, described second control device (4) sends second stage early warning, when
>=1 o'clock, described second control device (4) sent third stage early warning.
4. Dragging assessment as claimed in claim 3 and method for early warning, is characterized in that, in the time that described second control device (4) sends third stage early warning, confirms distance and the direction of Dragging by GPS orientator (5) simultaneously.
5. Dragging assessment as claimed in claim 1 and method for early warning, it is characterized in that, the depth of water of described boats and ships is measured by the fathometer (1) being arranged on boats and ships, and anchor chain pulling force is measured by the pulling force sensor (2) being arranged on anchor line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410017420.0A CN103847926B (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Ship anchor-walking assessment and early warning method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410017420.0A CN103847926B (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Ship anchor-walking assessment and early warning method |
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| CN103847926A true CN103847926A (en) | 2014-06-11 |
| CN103847926B CN103847926B (en) | 2021-03-23 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104064056A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 王涌 | Anchor dragging early-warning system based on anchor chain vibration frequency analysis |
| CN104089755A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Test method for gravel structure drag-resistant anchor model covering submarine pipeline |
| CN104485024A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏科技大学 | Ship dragging remote alarm control device and alarm control method thereof |
| CN105225714A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2016-01-06 | 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 | Nuclear fuel assembly repairs supervisory system |
| CN106815474A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-06-09 | 浙江海洋大学 | Appraisal procedure and managing and control system of a kind of ship to the potential anchor evil of extra large cable |
| CN110583548A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 海南省民德海洋发展有限公司 | Anchoring system of culture facility |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104064056A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 王涌 | Anchor dragging early-warning system based on anchor chain vibration frequency analysis |
| CN104089755A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Test method for gravel structure drag-resistant anchor model covering submarine pipeline |
| CN104485024A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-01 | 江苏科技大学 | Ship dragging remote alarm control device and alarm control method thereof |
| CN105225714A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2016-01-06 | 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 | Nuclear fuel assembly repairs supervisory system |
| CN106815474A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-06-09 | 浙江海洋大学 | Appraisal procedure and managing and control system of a kind of ship to the potential anchor evil of extra large cable |
| CN106815474B (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2019-09-10 | 浙江海洋大学 | The appraisal procedure and managing and control system of a kind of ship to the potential anchor evil of sea cable |
| CN110583548A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 海南省民德海洋发展有限公司 | Anchoring system of culture facility |
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| CN103847926B (en) | 2021-03-23 |
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