CN1038402A

CN1038402A - X-type working mode of ultrasonic equipment for medical diagnosis and principle

Info

Publication number: CN1038402A
Application number: CN88103506A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭绍华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1988-06-06
Filing date: 1988-06-06
Publication date: 1990-01-03

Abstract

A maximum difficult problem is the deviation that can't accurately grasp between target internal organs and the puncture needle in the puncture operation.The present invention proposes ultrasound wave X type working method, puncture needle is under the common supervision of cross one another two bundle ultrasound wave.Be convenient to the operator and utilize the two-phase A-mode instrument, in the three-dimensional deviation of accurately observing simultaneously on the display plane between puncture needle and the target internal organs.

Description

X-type working mode of ultrasonic equipment for medical diagnosis and principle

The ultrasound medical diagnostic instruments has polytype and working method.Such as: well-known A type, Type B, M type or the like.But all at present supersonic diagnostic sets what can diagnose and show on image only be one dimension or two-dimentional scene, can not on a width of cloth picture, show three-dimensional image simultaneously, this is a shortcoming, especially in following occasion, this defective is more obvious.

When doctor or researcher need directly penetrate a needle tubing to intravital a certain organ from the human or animal is external, so that extract wherein certain liquid and solid tissue, or when wherein injecting certain medicine, maximum difficulty is to execute the patient not know the true position of cutting of syringe needle place, does not also cut the accurate position of really grasping the target internal organs that will penetrate.Therefore, just can not hold the deviation between syringe needle travel direction and the target internal organs clear-headedly.So blindness is very big when doing this paracentesis, success rate depends on personal experience and the accidental opportunity of executing the patient fully.

Can utilize perspective display such as X ray, ultrasound wave equipment is helped doctors and perform top work? obviously the employing of these equipments has very big benefit, but insufficiently be, no matter be radioscopy, the ultrasonoscopy equipment of types such as A, B, M all can not be complete for one for doctor's body, be enough to thoroughly understand the information of the deviation between target internal organs and the syringe needle, because they all only provide a peacekeeping two-dimensional signal, and real needs is three-dimensional information.Certainly two groups of B ultrasounds or two groups of X-ray apparatus are realized this task.Obvious this operation is not only complicated, and has increased equipment cost greatly, is unfavorable for extensive employing.

The invention provides a kind of with simple device, even only realize the working method of the supersonic diagnostic set that three-dimensional image shows with existing instrument, make and execute paracentetic doctor and can on same screen, observe the target internal organs that will puncture simultaneously, and the three-dimensional position of puncture needle, in case arbitrary direct of travel of puncture needle departs from, executing the patient just can immediate correction, guarantees that puncture can be accurate, once success.

Colleagues know the operation principle of A-mode instrument, are not just describing in detail here.The present invention has adopted two A-mode ultrasonic ripple probes, and the two is fixed into a little angle, and the ultrasonic beam that two A-mode ultrasonic ripple probes are launched intersects mutually, resembles very much the shape of alphabetical X, so be called the X working method.Concrete scheme is as follows:

Both identical A-mode ultrasonic ripple diagnostic probe are fixed on the support, make to become angle 0-15 ° adjustable between the two, because the two distance is very near, the shared space of the ultrasonic beam of the two is heavy substantially mutually during work.So this two bundles ripple alternation is not can the phase mutual interference; In the middle of two probes, an aperture is arranged on the support, puncture needle thrusts human body by this hole; During operation, utilize common two-way A-mode instrument, beat on the two-phase working method; Two probes that are fixed together (or claiming coupling probe) are attached to body surface, seek the target internal organs routinely.Because two probe angles are very little, distance is very near again, so echo is a form basically, symmetric substantially positive and negative two width of cloth pictorial display are on screen; After finding the target internal organs accurately, the pin hole from coupling probe puncture needle is thrust in the body.Because pin and two bundle ultrasound wave each have an angle, ultrasound wave is reflected, and has just demonstrated the echo of pin on screen; This echo shaping is laterally zygomorphic, and the position of waveform is consistent with the degree of depth of thrusting, if Probe above being partial to, so, the angle of pin and last probe has just increased, thereby the reflective surface area increase, and the pin echo of positive increases on screen.Correspondingly and down the angle of probe has reduced, and trends towards parallelly, thereby reflective surface area reduces, and the pin echo of negative lowers on screen.At this moment execute the direction that the patient can in time adjust pin, make it downward probe orientation and correct; If pin has departed from the popin face, the reflecting surface of two probes is descended simultaneously, at this moment show positive and negative phase waveform amplitude on the screen and reduce simultaneously.The operator will make positive negative sense wave-shape amplitude come back to original level as long as in time correct round about; Inserting needle of operator, one side is adjusted the direction of inserting needle at any time, makes that positive and negative biphase puncture needle echo waveform one will keep symmetry on the screen, and two will keep certain amplitude, and along with deepening continuously of pin, the echo of pin also constantly moves right from the left side of screen.Certainly, the echo of pin be with body in the echo of each internal organs be superimposed.When the echo frontier of pin and the echo of target internal organs coincide together, and, the positive and negative symmetry of the echo of pin, amplitude equalization, at this moment, syringe needle has accurately arrived the target internal organs.

According to above-mentioned principle, X type ultrasound wave guiding puncture instrument that can design specialized is if specialized equipment just can adopt some special devices to guarantee that the guiding puncture purpose realizes smoothly.As:

1. on coupling probe, install to regulate both pop one's head in devices of angle.

2. the puncture needle guide pipe is installed on coupling probe, it is consistent with beam direction that a direction just is installed in the middle of two probes, with the symmetric rigid conduit of two wave beams angle separately, be used for replacing simple puncturing hole above-mentioned, because the rigidity of puncture needle is generally higher, like this after puncture needle thrusts in the body by guide pipe again, the probability that departs from wave beam or be partial to a certain wave beam will reduce greatly, brings convenience to the operator.

Present principles can also be used for other use ultrasonic unit of non-medical treatment, guides an occasion that feeler lever removal search naked eyes are not directly observed object.

Can also be according to present principles ... N even more perfect coupling probe of annular array probe composition with three, four.Handle echo-signal with computer, reach accurate more control and show purpose more intuitively.But this will cause that cost rises.

The present invention is owing to can adopt simple equipment and little improvement, make ultrasonic instrument be used for guiding puncture easily, and X type working method also can be widely used in similarly other industry, so advantages of high practicability and advance are arranged, about X type ultrasound wave working method, the author once consulted the domestic data of many ultrasonic applications aspect, there is no report.And some introduce from the doctor who often is engaged in puncture working who abroad comes back, and the present paracentesis of developed countries such as America and Japan do not have what specific apparatus and method as guiding yet, it seems that novelty of the present invention sets up.

Accompanying drawing institute is bright:

Figure one is the schematic diagram of the coupling probe that adopted of X type ultrasound wave working method.(1) (2) are two common A-mode ultrasonic ripple probes among the figure, and they are fixed on the support (3), and the angle of (1) (2) and support (3) can be regulated in actual use; (4) be the puncture needle guiding tube, intermediary hole is used for by puncture needle; (5) (6) are respectively the ultrasound beamformers of probe (1) (2); As seen from the figure, when pin (7) enters in the wave field of (5) (6) by conduit (4) and (5) (6) angle is arranged respectively because an angle is arranged, ultrasound wave is popped one's head in by the needle body reflected back, can see the echo of pin on fluorescent screen.(1) (2) be alternation on fluorescent screen, show as the waveform of positive and negative both direction respectively.Shown in figure two.

Figure two is the two-phase reflectograms that demonstrate on the fluorescent screen, and (12) (17) are the afferent echo signals, and (14) (15) are that probe (1) is found target internal organs (18) regional signal.(10) (1 1) are target internal organs (18) regional signals that probe (2) is found.(13) (8) are respectively the puncture needle signals that probe (1) (2) are seen.

When the angle of puncture needle travel direction and ultrasonic beam (5) (6) equated separately, the amplitude of (13) (8) was symmetric on the fluorescent screen.When puncture needle was partial to certain a branch of ultrasound wave, the echo that this bundle ultrasound wave captures will increase, and correspondingly the amplitude of this phase echo demonstration just increases.Opposite side will reduce, when puncture needle is constantly advanced forward, (13) (8) will move right respectively simultaneously from (12) (17), after the forward of (13) (8) arrives interval and interval, (10) (11), (14) (15), can think needle point target approach internal organs.

Claims

A kind of working method of medical ultrasonic detection instrument and principle.Be mainly used in the paracentesis location and guiding to puncture needle.Its essence is to make puncture needle to advance under the common supervision of cross one another two bundle ultrasound wave.Being convenient to the operator utilizes common A-mode instrument accurately to observe the three-dimensional deviation of puncture needle and target internal organs simultaneously on a plane.

Its technical characterictic is:

1, two A-mode ultrasonic ripple probes is fixed together, makes the ultrasonic beam of two probes be a little angle, and intersect mutually, a puncture needle conduit is arranged in the middle of two probes.

2, related its technical characterictic of puncture needle conduit is in the claim 1: it makes the travel track that passes puncture needle wherein not depart from the hyperacoustic popin face of cross one another two bundles, keeps puncture needle and two bundle ultrasound wave angle separately to equate simultaneously.