A kind of preparation method of safrole
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of safrole.
Background technology
Safrole, claims again safrole, English Safrole by name, and colourless or light yellow liquid, has camphorwood smell, and its structural formula is.Be soluble in ethanol, can be miscible with chloroform, ether, water insoluble and glycerine.Relative density 1.096, approximately 11 ℃, zero pour, 232~234 ℃ of boiling points, refractive index 1.538,97 ℃ of flash-points.Safrole be much edible natural essence as yellow camphor tree essential oil, aniseed essential oil and camphor main body of oil, 80%. safrole that account for yellow camphor tree essential oil are with Semen Myristicae, Japanese asarum, also has a small amount of existence in the essence that the spices such as California bay tree are made.The local flavor that yellow camphor tree essential oil is often used as beer and other wine adds into.Sassafras (Sas-safras albidum) tree root skin is also the main component of popular a kind of medicinal nutritious tea-Huang Zhangcha.
It is widely used in the industries such as spices, medicine, agricultural chemicals, and main synthesizing piperonal, vanirone, ethyl chinese cymbidium phenol, piperonyl butoxide etc., be a kind of purposes valuable perfume base very widely, and market outlook are extremely wide.At present, day by day increase take sassafras wood oil rope as the synthetic produce market demand of raw material, the supplydemand relationship of sassafras wood oil rope world market is for a long time in the situation that supply falls short of demand, and world production region mainly contains China, Brazil and South America, and is the extract of natural sassafras.Add in recent years; in order to protect vegetation; avoid the destruction to ecotope; the method that various countries have successively limited by digging sassafras root obtains safrole; Brazil even forbids strictly to damage sassafras; therefore,, in the face of in the increasingly withered exhausted situation of natural sassafras resource, from natural, obtaining merely safrole, to can not meet the market requirement far away growing.
And the method for chemosynthesis is prepared the document of safrole few, Naofumi Tsukada has reported (Synlett, (10), 1431-1434; 2003) be raw material by the p-toluenesulfonic esters of piperonyl cyclonene and vinyl carbinol, adopting rare metal complex compound is that catalyzer is prepared safrole.The rarer costliness of catalyzer that this method is used and being difficult to obtain, and its productive rate is not high yet.
The people such as Lin Bin, Yang Xi has reported (Guangdong chemical industry, 30 (2), 6-7; 2003) be raw material with piperonyl cyclonene, first its bromo become to corresponding bromide, then make Grignard reagent, then prepare safrole with allyl bromine reaction.Although the method raw material is easy to get, reaction conditions is also relatively gentle, but piperonyl cyclonene need to be become to corresponding Grignard reagent, made by grignard reaction again, so inevitably there are a large amount of self coupling by product to produce, bring difficulty to separation, also wasted a large amount of raw materials, and grignard reaction is also stricter to reagent requirement.
The people such as Stefano Protti have reported (Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 3 (15), 2868-2871; 2005) be raw material with chloro piperonyl cyclonene and allyltrimethylsilane alkane, under cesium carbonate and trifluoro sulfonation, prepare safrole.The raw material allyltrimethylsilane alkane costliness that the method adopts is on the one hand difficult to obtain, and the singularity of this reaction process on the other hand makes its industrialization be difficult for realizing.
Therefore, the method for an effective full chemosynthesis sassafras wood oil rope of searching becomes the study hotspot of various countries' chemist.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the severe reaction conditions existing in the synthetic method in order to solve above-mentioned safrole, anti-response environment is unfriendly, easily produce waste material and waste liquid, and syntheti c route is long, cause its production cost that a kind of preparation method of safrole, this preparation method's environmental protection are provided compared with high-technology problem, production cost is low, simple to operate, reaction conditions is easy to realize, and is convenient to suitability for industrialized production.
Know-why of the present invention
Take commercially available vinyl carbinol and piperonyl cyclonene as raw material, double as solvent with one of reactant piperonyl cyclonene simultaneously, under catalyst n afion-H effect, make safrole through Friedel-Crafts reaction one step, its reaction process equation is as follows:
Technical scheme of the present invention
A preparation method for safrole, step is as follows:
Piperonyl cyclonene and vinyl carbinol are added in reactor, then add catalyst n afion-H, control temperature is 15-50 ℃, and mixing speed is under 500-800r/min, to carry out Friedel-Crafts reaction 6~10h, obtains reaction solution;
Above-mentioned piperonyl cyclonene used in Friedel-Crafts reaction, the amount of vinyl carbinol of carrying out, calculates i.e. piperonyl cyclonene: vinyl carbinol is 30:1 in molar ratio; The amount of catalyst n afion-H used, calculates i.e. catalyst n afion-H: piperonyl cyclonene is 10:100 by the mass ratio of itself and piperonyl cyclonene;
By the reacting liquid filtering of above-mentioned gained, the filtrate of gained first, with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution washing 2-3 time, then, with after tap water washing 2-3 time, adopts anhydrous sodium sulphate to be dried under room temperature, then remove by filter anhydrous sodium sulphate, the filtrate obtaining is the piperonyl cyclonene solution of safrole;
Be 55-60 ℃ by the piperonyl cyclonene solution control temperature of the safrole of gained, pressure is that 0.012MPa carries out underpressure distillation and removes piperonyl cyclonene solvent, and then carries out column chromatography, finally obtains safrole;
Above-mentioned column chromatography process developping agent used be by sherwood oil and ethyl acetate by volume ratio be that 30:1 mixes.
After above-mentioned reacting liquid filtering, the filter cake of gained is catalyst n afion-H, can manipulation of regeneration to recycle;
The regeneration process of catalyst n afion-H is as follows:
The filter cake of gained after above-mentioned reacting liquid filtering is used to acetone and deionized water wash successively, and then at 105 ℃, dried overnight obtains the catalyst n afion-H after regeneration.
Useful technique effect of the present invention
The preparation method of a kind of safrole of the present invention; because the vinyl carbinol take commercially available and piperonyl cyclonene are raw material; under catalyst n afion-H effect; make safrole through Friedel-Crafts reaction one step, therefore its preparation process is simple, is suitable for large-scale production; simultaneously owing to doubling as solvent with piperonyl cyclonene in preparation process; therefore, material used in preparation process is few, and production cost is low.
Further, the preparation method of a kind of safrole of the present invention, can recycle because the raw material piperonyl cyclonene of reaction doubles as solvent, and catalyst n afion-H also can recycle, and the waste of generation all lacks, therefore environmentally friendly.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, the preparation method of safrole is as follows:
Raw material used in various embodiments of the present invention is except special instruction, and other is commercially available.
Piperonyl cyclonene, vinyl carbinol, chemical pure, Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Sinopharm Group;
Catalyst n afion-H, Jiangsu Se Kesai thinks resin company limited and produces.
embodiment 1
A preparation method for safrole, concrete steps are as follows:
By 146.54 g(1.2mol) piperonyl cyclonene and 2.33g(0.04mol) vinyl carbinol is added in the there-necked flask glass reactor that thermometer, prolong, drying tube are housed, add again 14.65g catalyst n afion-H, control temperature is 15-50 ℃, mixing speed is under 500-800r/min, to carry out Friedel-Crafts reaction, reaction process detects vinyl carbinol content with the GC6890-MS5973 gas chromatograph of U.S. Aglient, substantially finish to vinyl carbinol reaction, be stopped reaction after Friedel-Crafts reaction 4h, obtain reaction solution;
Above-mentioned piperonyl cyclonene used in Friedel-Crafts reaction, the amount of vinyl carbinol of carrying out, calculates i.e. piperonyl cyclonene: vinyl carbinol is 30:1 in molar ratio; The amount of catalyst n afion-H used, calculates i.e. catalyst n afion-H: piperonyl cyclonene is 10:100 by the mass ratio of itself and piperonyl cyclonene;
The reacting liquid filtering of above-mentioned gained; the filtrate of gained is washed 2-3 time with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, then with after tap water washing 2-3 time, under room temperature, is dried by anhydrous sodium sulphate; and then removing by filter anhydrous sodium sulphate through Büchner funnel, the filtrate obtaining is the piperonyl cyclonene solution of safrole;
The piperonyl cyclonene solution control temperature of the safrole of gained is 55-60 ℃, and pressure is that 0.012MPa carries out underpressure distillation to remove piperonyl cyclonene solvent, then carries out column chromatography, finally obtains 5.32g product, and its productive rate with respect to raw material vinyl carbinol is 82%;
Above-mentioned column chromatography process developping agent used be by sherwood oil and ethyl acetate by volume ratio be that 30:1 mixes.
The product through column chromatography gained of above-mentioned gained detects through Bruker-AMX 400 type nuclear magnetic resonance analyser, and the data of its nucleus magnetic resonance are as follows:
1H?NMR?(400?MHz,?CDCl
3):?δ6.78?(?d,?J=7.8Hz,?1H),?6.71?(s,?1H),?6.69(d,?J=7.8?Hz,?1H)?5.99-5.92?(m,?3H),?5.13-5.08?(m,?2H),?3.25?(d,?J?=?6.4,2H)。
Can draw the above-mentioned safrole being through the product of column chromatography gained from the data of the nucleus magnetic resonance of above-mentioned gained.
Foregoing is only the basic explanation of the present invention under conceiving, and according to any equivalent transformation that technical scheme of the present invention is done, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.