CN103831294A - Plant evaluation method of salination-petroleum-heavy metal combined pollution soil quality - Google Patents
Plant evaluation method of salination-petroleum-heavy metal combined pollution soil quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN103831294A CN103831294A CN201410074739.7A CN201410074739A CN103831294A CN 103831294 A CN103831294 A CN 103831294A CN 201410074739 A CN201410074739 A CN 201410074739A CN 103831294 A CN103831294 A CN 103831294A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant evaluation method of a salination-petroleum-heavy metal combined pollution soil quality. The plant evaluation method comprises the following steps of (1) selecting an evaluation factor; (2) determining the weight of the evaluation factor; (3) determining an evaluation number of the evaluation factor; and (4) determining the level of soil environment quality. The plant evaluation method provided by the invention has the advantages that a physiological index of a salt-tolerant plant is utilized for evaluating the salination-petroleum-heavy metal combined pollution soil quality, the step is simple and economical, the plant evaluation method is ecological and environmentally friendly, the quality evaluation of the salination-petroleum-heavy metal combined pollution soil quality is realized, and the quality evaluation space of the combined pollution soil is expanded; the salination-petroleum-heavy metal combined pollution caused by the evaluation factor can be evaluated sensitively and reliably, and meanwhile, compared with the other evaluation factors, and the evaluation factor is stable.
Description
Technical field
The evaluation method that the present invention relates to a kind of Evaluation of physiological salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality that uses salt-tolerant plant, belongs to environmental evaluation technical field.
Background technology
Environmental quality assessment can be determined the pollution level of a certain regional environment, thereby for formulating environmental standard, and Regional Environmental Pollution is carried out to integrated control reliable scientific basis is provided.Parameter and the factor that environmental quality assessment relates to are more, cause evaluation difficulty large, and the degree of accuracy is low.Soil is the important step that pollutant moves, transforms between each physical features, also the geochemistry that is contaminants is converged, and Soil Environmental Pollution has the features such as disguise, hysteresis quality, accumulation, region, and therefore soil environment quality assessment difficulty is larger.At present, soil environment quality assessment method has index of single factor method, Field Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment, grey collection class method, composite index law etc.Although these traditional soil quality assessment methods can characterize the pollution condition of soil to a certain extent, owing to there is no to consider the response of the organism directly contacting with soil, thereby the ecological significance of very difficult reflect soil pollution.
Be grown in the direct impact that plant in soil can be subject to soil environment, the pollutant that exceeds standard existing in soil, the most direct victim is exactly plant, formation from the sprouting of seed to root system is again to the absorption of nutrient, capital is subject to pollutant effects, or stimulates or suppress, and some physical signs of plant is changed, finally cause plant growth to be obstructed, production declining even causes plant death.Therefore, can utilize the variation of some index of plant in soil, evaluate the pollution condition of soil.
The having a very wide distribution of China's salinized soil soil, area is large, type is many, and salination area and degree have the trend increasing gradually.In recent decades, the large scale mining of oil, soil has been caused to certain pollution, and traditional heavy metal pollution of soil problem also there is the trend increasing the weight of gradually, just become an important problem so salination oil heavy-metal contaminated soil is carried out to quality evaluation.
Suaeda heteroptera is a kind of autochthonous flora very common in varieties in saline-alkali areas, receives many researchers' concern with features such as strong, the easy breeding of salt tolerance, plantation life-span length.Although the growing state of plant is the concrete concentration of pollutant in reflect soil accurately, but can the affect situation of W-response soil on plant, thus judge the ecological risk of soil pollution.Therefore the overall pollution condition of, utilizing the variation of plant physiology and biochemistry index under pollutional condition to characterize soil has more advantage.
At present, use the evaluation method of Evaluation of physiological salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality of salt-tolerant plant to have no report.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming and defect of current traditional Soil Contamination Evaluation method, the present invention proposes the plant evaluation method of a kind of salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A plant evaluation method for salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality, comprises that step is as follows:
(1) the selected factor of evaluating
Using the soluble protein content of the chlorophyll content of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera as evaluating the factor;
(2) determine and evaluate factor weight (W
j)
The weight difference 0.412,0.275,0.313 of the soluble protein content of the dry weight of definite evaluation factor Suaeda heteroptera, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera;
(3) determine the evaluation number (P that evaluates the factor
nj)
Suaeda heteroptera seed is soaked after 15～30h with clear water potted plant in soil to be measured and control soil respectively, salt content≤0.3% of described control soil, nickel content≤60mg.kg
-1, cadmium content≤0.25mg.kg
-1, content of vanadium≤130mg.kg
-1, petroleum hydrocarbon total amount content≤100mg.kg
-1;
Add 0.5～1.5 gram, every kilogram soil of composite fertilizer within every two days, to add 80～120 grams, running water at Light To Dark Ratio 14h:10h, light intensity 8000～9000lx, 20～25 DEG C of day temperatures, 15～20 DEG C, every kilogram soil of temperature at night, cultivate 30～50 days; Measure dry weight, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera and the soluble protein content of Suaeda heteroptera of the Suaeda heteroptera of growing in soil to be measured and in control soil, by formula
calculate evaluation number P
nj;
(4) determine soil environment quality rank
Press formula
calculate evaluation index value PI, in formula: P
nj, W
jbe respectively evaluation number and the weight of evaluating the factor, m represents to evaluate the kind of the factor;
In the time of PI > 0.92, soil quality is clean,
In the time of 0.84<PI≤0.92, soil quality is for still clean,
In the time of 0.75<PI≤0.84, soil quality is slight pollution,
In the time of 0.54<PI≤0.75, soil quality is intermediate pollution,
In the time of PI≤0.54, soil quality is severe contamination.
According to the present invention, in step (3), the measuring method of the soluble protein content of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera can be used prior art;
Preferably, the measuring method of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera is low temperature drying method, and step is as follows:
From the plant of the place of separation of root and stem harvesting Suaeda heteroptera, with clear water, plant is rinsed well, dry the moisture on plant surface; Plant is processed 10 minutes in 105 DEG C of baking ovens, dry to constant weight in 80 DEG C, use electronic balance weighing dry weight, the g of unit;
Repeat above-mentioned steps, record the dry weight of control group Suaeda heteroptera.
According to the present invention, preferred, the measuring method of the chlorophyll content of the Suaeda heteroptera described in step (3) is ethanol extraction method, and step is as follows:
Get plant leaf blade, clean surface contaminants, remove in blade arteries and veins and shred blade, mix; Take the blade that 0.2g shreds, put into mortar, add quartz sand, Paris white and 2～3ml95% ethanol, be ground into homogenate, then add ethanol 10ml, continue to be ground to tissue and bleach, leave standstill 3～5min and obtain extract; Get 1 of filter paper, put in funnel, moistening with ethanol, along glass bar, extract is poured in funnel, be filled in the brown volumetric flask of 25ml, with alcohol flushing mortar, pestle and residue, and pour in funnel together with residue; Draw ethanol with dropper, the chloroplast pigment on filter paper is all washed in volumetric flask until redgreen in filter paper and residue; Finally be settled to 25ml with ethanol, shake up and rear chloroplast pigment extract is poured in the cuvette that optical path is 1cm, taking 95% ethanol as blank, under wavelength 663nm and 645nm, measure absorbance; The absorbance of measuring under wavelength 663nm and 645nm is respectively OD
663and OD
645,
Total content=8.02 × the OD of chlorophyll a, b
663+ 20.20 × OD
645, the mgg of unit
-1;
Repeat above-mentioned steps, record the chlorophyll content of control group Suaeda heteroptera.
According to the present invention, preferred, the measuring method of the soluble protein content of the Suaeda heteroptera described in step (3) is Coomassie brilliant blue G250 method, and step is as follows:
The drafting of A, calibration curve
Get 6 test tubes, by the each 1ml of table 1 data preparation 0～100 μ g/ml seralbumin liquid; Accurately draw institute and join each test tube solution 0.1ml, put into respectively 10ml tool plug test tube, add 5ml Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 reagent, capping plug, reversion mixes, and places after 2min, measures absorbance under 595nm; Taking protein content as abscissa, taking absorbance as ordinate, draw 0～100 μ g/ml calibration curve;
Table 1 is prepared 0～100 μ g/ml seralbumin liquid
Separately get 6 test tubes, by the each 1ml of table 2 data preparation 0～1000 μ g/ml bovine serum albumin solution; By above-mentioned steps, taking protein content as abscissa, taking absorbance as ordinate, draw the calibration curve of 0～1000 μ g/ml;
Table 2 is prepared 0～1000 μ g/ml haemocyanin blood
The mensuration of protein concentration in B, sample extracting solution
Take fresh Suaeda heteroptera sample 0.2g, grind to form after homogenate with 5ml distilled water, constant volume 25ml, filters, and filtrate is sample extracting solution;
Draw sample extracting solution 0.1ml, put into tool plug scale test tube, add 5ml Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 reagent, fully mix, place after 2min colorimetric under 595nm, record absorbance, check in protein content by calibration curve.
C, experimental result
In formula: C-looks into the every tubulin matter of calibration curve gained content (mg); V-extract cumulative volume (ml); A-measures institute's extracting liquid volume of getting (ml); The sampling amount (g) of the fresh Suaeda heteroptera sample of W-.
Salination-oil of the present invention-heavy-metal composite pollution soil refers to, 0.3%≤salination≤0.8%, 100mg.kg
-1≤ petroleum hydrocarbon content≤1500mg.kg
-1, 60mg.kg
-1nickel content≤150mg.kg in≤heavy metal
-1, 0.25mg.kg
-1≤ cadmium content≤15mg.kg
-1, 90mg.kg
-1≤ content of vanadium≤180mg.kg
-1combined contamination soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention utilizes Evaluation of physiological salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality of salt-tolerant plant, and step is simple, economy, ecological, environmental protective.
2, the present invention has realized the quality evaluation to salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil, has expanded the quality evaluation space of combined contamination soil.
3, the selected evaluation factor pair of the present invention salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution is enough sensitive and reliable, also evaluates the factor compared with other more stable simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but be not limited to this.
The environmental quality assessment of embodiment 1, Dongying Gudao district salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil, soil to be measured is taken from Dongying City isolated island town (measurement point one), and step is as follows:
(1) the selected factor of evaluating
Using the soluble protein content of the chlorophyll content of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera as evaluating the factor;
(2) determine and evaluate factor weight (W
j)
The weight difference 0.412,0.275,0.313 of the soluble protein content of the dry weight of definite evaluation factor Suaeda heteroptera, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera;
(3) determine the evaluation number (P that evaluates the factor
nj)
Suaeda heteroptera seed is soaked after 15～30h potted plant in soil to be measured and control soil respectively with clear water;
Control soil is taken from suburb, Dongying City isolated island town and is not substantially subject to effect of human activity region, is 0.18% through measuring its soil salt content, and total petroleum hydrocarbon does not detect, and total Cd content, total Ni content, total V content are respectively 0.13mgkg
-1, 43.5mgkg
-1, 63.4mgkg
-1;
Suaeda heteroptera seed is soaked after 24h potted plant in soil to be measured and control soil respectively with clear water, each cultivation basin (diameter 10cm) packs 0.5kg soil into, add 1 gram, every kilogram soil of composite fertilizer within every two days, to add 100 grams, running water at Light To Dark Ratio 14h:10h, light intensity 8800lx, 22 DEG C of day temperatures, 18 DEG C, every kilogram soil of temperature at night, cultivate 30 days; Measure dry weight, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera and the soluble protein content of Suaeda heteroptera of the Suaeda heteroptera of growing in soil to be measured and in control soil; Wherein, the measuring method of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera is low temperature drying method, and concrete steps are as follows:
From the plant of the place of separation of root and stem harvesting Suaeda heteroptera, with clear water, plant is rinsed well, dry the moisture on plant surface; Plant is processed 10 minutes in 105 DEG C of baking ovens, dry to constant weight in 80 DEG C, use electronic balance weighing dry weight, the g of unit;
Repeat above-mentioned steps, record the dry weight of control group Suaeda heteroptera.
The measuring method of the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera is ethanol extraction method, and step is:
Get plant leaf blade, clean surface contaminants, remove in blade arteries and veins and shred blade, mix; Take the blade that 0.2g shreds, put into mortar, add quartz sand, Paris white and 2～3ml95% ethanol, be ground into homogenate, then add ethanol 10ml, continue to be ground to tissue and bleach, leave standstill 3～5min and obtain extract; Get 1 of filter paper, put in funnel, moistening with ethanol, along glass bar, extract is poured in funnel, be filled in the brown volumetric flask of 25ml, with alcohol flushing mortar, pestle and residue, and pour in funnel together with residue; Draw ethanol with dropper, the chloroplast pigment on filter paper is all washed in volumetric flask until redgreen in filter paper and residue; Finally be settled to 25ml with ethanol, shake up and rear chloroplast pigment extract is poured in the cuvette that optical path is 1cm, taking 95% ethanol as blank, under wavelength 663nm and 645nm, measure absorbance; The absorbance of measuring under wavelength 663nm and 645nm is respectively OD
663and OD
645,
Total content=8.02 × the OD of chlorophyll a, b
663+ 20.20 × OD
645, the mgg of unit
-1;
Repeat above-mentioned steps, record the chlorophyll content of control group Suaeda heteroptera.
The measuring method of the soluble protein content of Suaeda heteroptera is Coomassie brilliant blue G250 method, and step is:
The drafting of A, calibration curve
Get 6 test tubes, by the each 1ml of table 3 data preparation 0～100 μ g/ml seralbumin liquid; Accurately draw institute and join each test tube solution 0.1ml, put into respectively 10ml tool plug test tube, add 5ml Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 reagent, capping plug, reversion mixes, and places after 2min, measures absorbance under 595nm; Taking protein content as abscissa, taking absorbance as ordinate, draw 0～100 μ g/ml calibration curve;
Table 3 is prepared 0～100 μ g/ml seralbumin liquid
Separately get 6 test tubes, by the each 1ml of table 4 data preparation 0～1000 μ g/ml bovine serum albumin solution; By above-mentioned steps, taking protein content as abscissa, taking absorbance as ordinate, draw the calibration curve of 0～1000 μ g/ml;
Table 4 is prepared 0～1000 μ g/ml haemocyanin blood
The mensuration of protein concentration in B, sample extracting solution
Take fresh Suaeda heteroptera sample 0.2g, grind to form after homogenate with 5ml distilled water, constant volume 25ml, filters, and filtrate is sample extracting solution;
Draw sample extracting solution 0.1ml, put into tool plug scale test tube, add 5ml Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 reagent, fully mix, place after 2min colorimetric under 595nm, record absorbance, check in protein content by calibration curve.
C, experimental result
In formula: C-looks into the every tubulin matter of calibration curve gained content (mg); V-extract cumulative volume (ml); A-measures institute's extracting liquid volume of getting (ml); The sampling amount (g) of the fresh Suaeda heteroptera sample of W-;
Press formula
calculate evaluation number P
nj; The results are shown in Table 5;
Table 5
(4) determine soil environment quality rank
Press formula
calculate evaluation index value PI, in formula: P
nj, W
jbe respectively evaluation number and the weight of evaluating the factor, m represents to evaluate the kind of the factor;
PI=P
1×W
1+P
2×W
2+P
3×W
3=0.813×0.412＋0.605×0.275＋0.684×0.313=0.72。
Because 0.63<PI≤0.75, so salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality of Dongying isolated island town measurement point one is slight pollution.
The environmental quality assessment of embodiment 2, Dongying Gudao district salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil, soil to be measured is taken from Dongying City isolated island town (measurement point two), and step is as follows:
(1) the selected factor of evaluating
Using the soluble protein content of the chlorophyll content of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera as evaluating the factor;
(2) determine and evaluate factor weight (W
j)
The weight difference 0.412,0.275,0.313 of the soluble protein content of the dry weight of definite evaluation factor Suaeda heteroptera, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera;
(3) determine the evaluation number (P that evaluates the factor
nj)
Suaeda heteroptera seed is soaked after 15～30h potted plant in soil to be measured and control soil respectively with clear water;
Control soil is taken from suburb, Dongying City isolated island town and is not substantially subject to effect of human activity region, is 0.18% through measuring its soil salt content, and total petroleum hydrocarbon does not detect, and total Cd content, total Ni content, total V content are respectively 0.13mgkg
-1, 43.5mgkg
-1, 63.4mgkg
-1;
Suaeda heteroptera seed is soaked after 24h potted plant in soil to be measured and control soil respectively with clear water, each cultivation basin (diameter 10cm) packs 0.5kg soil into, add 1.5 grams, every kilogram soil of composite fertilizer within every two days, to add 120 grams, running water at Light To Dark Ratio 14h:10h, light intensity 9000lx, 25 DEG C of day temperatures, 20 DEG C, every kilogram soil of temperature at night, cultivate 40 days; Measure dry weight, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera and the soluble protein content of Suaeda heteroptera of the Suaeda heteroptera of growing in soil to be measured and in control soil; Wherein, the measuring method of the chlorophyll content of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera and the soluble protein content of Suaeda heteroptera is with embodiment 1;
Press formula
calculate evaluation number P
nj; The results are shown in Table 6;
Table 6
(4) determine soil environment quality rank
Press formula
calculate evaluation index value PI, in formula: P
nj, W
jbe respectively evaluation number and the weight of evaluating the factor, m represents to evaluate the kind of the factor;
PI=P
1×W
1+P
2×W
2+P
3×W
3=0.573×0.412＋0.559×0.275＋0.570×0.313=0.57。
Because 0.54<PI≤0.75, so salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality of Dongying isolated island town measurement point two is intermediate pollution.
Claims (3)
1. a plant evaluation method for salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality, comprises that step is as follows:
(1) the selected factor of evaluating
Using the soluble protein content of the chlorophyll content of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera as evaluating the factor;
(2) determine and evaluate factor weight (W
j)
The weight difference 0.412,0.275,0.313 of the soluble protein content of the dry weight of definite evaluation factor Suaeda heteroptera, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera, Suaeda heteroptera;
(3) determine the evaluation number (P that evaluates the factor
nj)
Suaeda heteroptera seed is soaked after 15～30h with clear water potted plant in soil to be measured and control soil respectively, salt content≤0.3% of described control soil, nickel content≤60mg.kg
-1, cadmium content≤0.25mg.kg
-1, content of vanadium≤130mg.kg
-1, petroleum hydrocarbon total amount content≤100mg.kg
-1;
Add 0.5～1.5 gram, every kilogram soil of composite fertilizer within every two days, to add 80～120 grams, running water at Light To Dark Ratio 14h:10h, light intensity 8000～9000lx, 20～25 DEG C of day temperatures, 15～20 DEG C, every kilogram soil of temperature at night, cultivate 30～50 days; Measure dry weight, the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera and the soluble protein content of Suaeda heteroptera of the Suaeda heteroptera of growing in soil to be measured and in control soil, by formula
calculate evaluation number P
nj;
(4) determine soil environment quality rank
Press formula
calculate evaluation index value PI, in formula: P
nj, W
jbe respectively evaluation number and the weight of evaluating the factor, m represents to evaluate the kind of the factor;
In the time of PI > 0.92, soil quality is clean,
In the time of 0.84<PI≤0.92, soil quality is for still clean,
In the time of 0.75<PI≤0.84, soil quality is slight pollution,
In the time of 0.54<PI≤0.75, soil quality is intermediate pollution,
In the time of PI≤0.54, soil quality is severe contamination;
Described salination-oil-heavy-metal composite pollution soil refers to, 0.3%≤salination≤0.8%, 100mg.kg
-1≤ petroleum hydrocarbon content≤1500mg.kg
-1, 60mg.kg
-1nickel content≤150mg.kg in≤heavy metal
-1, 0.25mg.kg
-1≤ cadmium content≤15mg.kg
-1, 90mg.kg
-1≤ content of vanadium≤180mg.kg
-1combined contamination soil.
2. the plant evaluation method of salination-oil according to claim 1-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality, is characterized in that the measuring method of the dry weight of Suaeda heteroptera in described step (3) is low temperature drying method, and step is as follows:
From the plant of the place of separation of root and stem harvesting Suaeda heteroptera, with clear water, plant is rinsed well, dry the moisture on plant surface; Plant is processed 10 minutes in 105 DEG C of baking ovens, dry to constant weight in 80 DEG C, use electronic balance weighing dry weight, the g of unit;
Repeat above-mentioned steps, record the dry weight of control group Suaeda heteroptera.
3. the plant evaluation method of salination-oil according to claim 1-heavy-metal composite pollution soil quality, is characterized in that the measuring method of the chlorophyll content of Suaeda heteroptera in described step (3) is ethanol extraction method, and step is as follows:
Get plant leaf blade, clean surface contaminants, remove in blade arteries and veins and shred blade, mix; Take the blade that 0.2g shreds, put into mortar, add quartz sand, Paris white and 2～3ml95% ethanol, be ground into homogenate, then add ethanol 10ml, continue to be ground to tissue and bleach, leave standstill 3～5min and obtain extract; Get 1 of filter paper, put in funnel, moistening with ethanol, along glass bar, extract is poured in funnel, be filled in the brown volumetric flask of 25ml, with alcohol flushing mortar, pestle and residue, and pour in funnel together with residue; Draw ethanol with dropper, the chloroplast pigment on filter paper is all washed in volumetric flask until redgreen in filter paper and residue; Finally be settled to 25ml with ethanol, shake up and rear chloroplast pigment extract is poured in the cuvette that optical path is 1cm, taking 95% ethanol as blank, under wavelength 663nm and 645nm, measure absorbance; The absorbance of measuring under wavelength 663nm and 645nm is respectively OD
663and OD
645,
Total content=8.02 × the OD of chlorophyll a, b
663+ 20.20 × OD
645, the mgg of unit
-1;
Repeat above-mentioned steps, record the chlorophyll content of control group Suaeda heteroptera.
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| CN110907438A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-03-24 | 安徽建筑大学 | Method for evaluating soil chromium pollution ecotoxicity based on pennisetum hydridum |
| CN116993056A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 北京佰信蓝图科技股份有限公司 | Sensor-based saline-alkali soil improvement data analysis processing method |
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| CN103831294B (en) | 2015-05-27 |
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