CN103823031B - 一种从野生食用菌菌体中驱出活虫的方法 - Google Patents

一种从野生食用菌菌体中驱出活虫的方法 Download PDF

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CN103823031B
CN103823031B CN201410065898.0A CN201410065898A CN103823031B CN 103823031 B CN103823031 B CN 103823031B CN 201410065898 A CN201410065898 A CN 201410065898A CN 103823031 B CN103823031 B CN 103823031B
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edible fungus
wild edible
insect
wild
agricultural chemicals
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CN103823031A (zh
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郭永红
朱立
罗晓莉
张利菁
张沙沙
邓雅元
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Yunnan cloud technology (Group) Co., Ltd.
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Kunming Fungus Food Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于农产品质量检测技术领域,具体涉及一种从野生食用菌菌体中驱出活虫的方法及其应用。野生食用菌生长过程中无农药的使用,致使其采后运输及保藏过程中极易发生虫害。为了延长保存时间,滥用农药等情况时有发生。在一定程度上,影响产品的安全性。为了快速、方便确定农药使用情况,为此我们发明了一种初步判定野生食用菌采后是否使用过农药的物理方法,作为农残检测的辅助方法之一。本发明是在一套可密闭装置内,将样本放置在测试容器内,快速充入氮气,后将此测试容器内的氧气含量控制在2%—3%,迫使果实内部害虫向外移动,通过观察爬出害虫的大小数量及样本切开后残留在菌内的虫子数量、大小及存活状态几方面初步判断野生食用菌是否使用过农药。

Description

一种从野生食用菌菌体中驱出活虫的方法
技术领域
本发明属于农产品质量检测技术领域,具体涉及一种从野生食用菌菌体中驱出活虫的方法及其应用。
背景技术
野生食用菌是生长在山林环境中的纯天然产品,呈零星分布,其生长过程基本无法进行害虫的防治。野生食用菌采集期一般在4月-11月,生长期间温湿度适宜,极易遭受蝇蚊类害虫的危害,其虫卵孵化为幼虫快时仅10小时左右。幼虫蛀食用菌食子实体内部,致使野生食用菌采后运输及贮藏过程中极易发生虫害。为了延长运输贮藏时间,采后滥用农药抑制虫害的现象时有发生。而野生食用菌是一个量小集中,零星销售的农产品,对农残的检测控制相对较为困难,在一定程度上,严重影响了野生食用菌这一天然珍稀产品的价值,影响及危及消费者身体健康,影响食用菌产品的安全性及品质。为了快速、方便确定农药使用情况,为此我们发明了一种初步判定野生食用菌采后是否使用过农药的物理方法,作为农残检测的辅助方法之一。
目前国内外进行农药检测的方法一般是气相色谱-质谱法,还有化学速测法、免疫分析法、酶抑制法和活体检测法等。这些方法都需要对进行样品进行预处理(缩分、剔除或粉碎样品)、样品制备(提取、净化)、分析测定之后最终得出结论。这些方法要求取样后在实验室及专用设备下完成,时间长,成本高。本发明利用调节控制气体成分对害虫的刺激迫使害虫活动的物理方法,主要是在一配套的装置中,在装入野生食用菌样品的密闭容器内的快速充入氮气降低氧气含量,迫使果实内部害虫向外移动,然后通过观察害虫的活动情况,从而初步判断野生食用菌是否使用过农药处理,对可疑样品再进行进一步检测。本发明与现今常用的方法相比,它简便易行,不需要前处理、化学试剂,节约成本,且不影响野生食用菌样品的品质,还可食用。该方法的使用可大大提高产品的检测率,可广泛用于农贸市场交易及企业采购检测。
发明内容
本发明内容主要利用充入氮气调节控制检测样本氧气含量,刺激害虫活动并向外移动,最终通过观测害虫的反映来初步判断是否使用过农药的方法。
本发明的技术方案是:在一套可密闭装置内,将样本放置在测试容器内,快速充入氮气,此后将测试容器内的氧气含量控制在2%-3%(害虫因环境中缺氧而爬出子实体,且在一个小时内不死亡)。将野生食用菌放置在此密闭的装置中进行气体的置换,可以通过观察爬出虫子大小数量及取出野生食用菌切开后残留在菌内的虫子数量、大小及存活状态几方面初步判断野生食用菌是否使用过农药。
具体实施例
1、样本采集:分别以市场上新鲜牛肝菌、松乳菇及变绿乳菇(谷粟菌)作为原料,这两种野生食用菌生长过程以及贮藏过程中极易发生虫害。
2、样本处理:把牛肝菌放入密闭装置中的样品室内,快速充入氮气直到氧气含量达到2%-3%,15min后观察虫的活动情况,如果现象不明显,30min后换入空气,30min再次充入氮气使氧气含量达到2%—3%,再次观察。
3、观察判断:根据观察到的现象可以初步判断野生食用菌采后是否使用过农药,但具体的农药残留情况需进一步通过色谱或快速检测法等方式检测确定。
实施例一
爬出的虫子数量很少,切开后,食用菌内部害虫危害不严重。可判断该野生食用菌品质较好,没有使用过农药。
实施例二
爬出的虫子数量很少,大部分都是小虫子。切开后,食用菌内部仍然有大量休眠状态的虫子残留,可初步判断野生食用菌采后使用过农药处理。
实施例三
爬出的虫子数量很多,爬行速度很快,大虫子数量较多。切开后子实体内部几乎无残留虫子。可初步判断野生食用菌采后没有使用过农药。
实施例四
无虫子爬出,切开后有部分虫残留。可初步判断野生食用菌采后使用过药性极强的农药。

Claims (1)

1.一种从野生食用菌菌体中驱出活虫的方法,其特征是包括下列步骤:
(1)野生菌生长过程以及贮藏过程中极易生虫,取市场上新鲜野生食用菌为原料;
(2)把野生食用菌放入密闭的装置中,此密闭装置内有一可以显示气体成分及百分比的气体分析仪;
(3)将密闭装置内的气体抽出,充入氮气直到氧气含量达到2%~2.5%,1h后换入空气,30min后二次充入氮气直到氧气含量达到2%~2.5%,100min后开口换空气,30min后再次充入氮气直到氧气含量达到2%~2.5%。
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