CN103822973A - Omnidirectional shear-horizontal-mode magnetostrictive transducer - Google Patents
Omnidirectional shear-horizontal-mode magnetostrictive transducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103822973A CN103822973A CN201410065436.9A CN201410065436A CN103822973A CN 103822973 A CN103822973 A CN 103822973A CN 201410065436 A CN201410065436 A CN 201410065436A CN 103822973 A CN103822973 A CN 103822973A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an omnidirectional shear-horizontal-mode magnetostrictive transducer, and belongs to the ultrasonic nondestructive testing field. The transducer includes a cylindrical NdFeB magnet, an annular nickel sheet, an annular organic glass sheet and a manually wound coil. In the designed transducer, the coil manually wound along the circumference of the annular nickel sheet and the annular organic glass sheet is pasted on the surface of a to-be-tested plate structure, and the cylindrical NdFeB magnet is placed just above the coil; based on the magnetostrictive effect of a ferromagnetic material nickel, the annular nickel sheet can generate shear deformation and transfers the deformation to the plate structure, so as to stimulate omnidirectional shear-horizontal-mode SH waves in the plate structure. The omnidirectional shear-horizontal-mode magnetostrictive transducer and an array combination imaging algorithm are utilized to achieve large-scope and high-efficiency defect imaging of the plate structure, and have quite great application value and potential in the fields of plate structural health monitoring and nondestructive evaluation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor, belongs to Ultrasonic NDT field, can in plate structure, encourage isotropic horizontal shear mode.
Background technology
Omni-directional sensor has identical directive property in 360 ° of directions, utilize omni-directional sensor and array thereof can realize plate structure on a large scale, high efficiency monitoring structural health conditions and Nondestructive Evaluation (Structural Health Monitoring, SHM & Nondestructive Evaluation, NDE).But being applied at present sensor type in SHM and NDE is all isotropic Lamb wave sensor, develops a kind of sensor that can motivate omni-directional horizontal shear mode SH ripple and realize SHM and NDE highly significant and be worth.And the characteristic such as the horizontal shear mode SH0 ripple of low order, has non-Dispersion, and propagation distance is far away, has very large potentiality and advantage for defects detection and imaging.
At present, the main two kinds of modes of conventional excitation supersonic guide-wave, a kind of mode is the piezoelectric sensor based on material piezoelectric effect.As common cylindrical piezoelectric sheet, can only motivate omni-directional Lamb ripple; Another kind of mode is the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer (Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer, EMAT) based on electromagnetic coupling effect.EMAT has two kinds of working mechanisms, Lorentz force and magnetostrictive effect, and its structure is changeable, and designability is strong, changes coil configuration and bias magnetic field direction, can motivate different modalities guided wave.Based on the different working mechanism of EMAT, have two classes and can motivate horizontal shear mode electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, one class is based on Lorentz force, due to eddy effect, the eddy current that hot-wire coil forms on conduction test specimen surface produces Lorentz force under bias magnetic field effect, inspire ultrasound wave, as periodic permanent magnet iron formula EMAT; Another kind of based on magnetostrictive effect, the moving field that utilizes electrified wire to produce alternation produces magnetostrictive force in ferrimagnet, makes magnetic domain produce distortion, inspire ultrasound wave, and same EMAT is a bilateral transducer, can be used to receive ultrasound wave.Up to now, the horizontal shear modal sensor of developing all has certain directive property, can in plate, motivate the rarely seen report of sensor of isotropic horizontal shear mode SH ripple.
Summary of the invention
In order to meet isotropic requirement, design is a kind of can encourage isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following design proposal:
Isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor, comprise cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1), annular nickel sheet (2), annular organic glass sheet (3), manual coiling (4), it is characterized in that: cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1), annular nickel sheet (2), annular organic glass sheet (3), manual coiling (4) four centres of form overlap in vertical direction; Annular nickel sheet (2) is placed in the coiling plate upper surface that annular organic glass sheet (3) forms, along annular nickel sheet (2) and the circumferential manual coiling of annular organic glass sheet (3) (4), directly over the manual coiling of distance (4), a segment distance is equipped with cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1).
The bottom surface of described cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1) is 5mm-15mm to the scope of manual coiling (4) distance.
Described annular nickel sheet (2) inside radius r
i=λ/4, external radius is r
o=3 λ/4, and λ=v
p/ f
c, λ, v
pbe respectively the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor theoretical center frequency f of design
ccorresponding wavelength and the phase velocity that produces horizontal shear mode SH ripple.
Described annular organic glass sheet (3) is as coiling base plate, thickness range is 0.5mm-1.0mm, and approach the equally spaced circular hole of outer ring edge processing one circle at annular organic glass sheet (3), the equally spaced arc groove of annular organic glass sheet (3) inner ring edge processing one circle, number is all 2n, circular hole and arc groove are radially corresponding one by one, to be distributed on annular organic glass sheet (3) base plate same footpath upwards circular hole and arc groove regard a unit as, annular organic glass sheet base plate has even unit, 2n interval.
Described manual coiling (4) adopts following winding mode: annular nickel sheet (2) is placed in annular organic glass sheet (3) upper surface, coil, through circular hole and the arc groove of the upper different units of annular organic glass sheet (3), is wound around annular nickel sheet (2) to wrap up; The circular hole of each unit is designated as N
i, arc groove is designated as N
i', unit number i=1,2,3 .., 2n-1,2n; First the hole slot N that linkage unit sequence number is odd number, successively
2j-1, N
2j-1', j=1,2 ..., n, and each unit hole slot is wound around two circles, like this, in the time that coil is wound into unit 2j+1 by unit 2j-1 successively, needs through annular organic glass sheet base plate circular hole N
2j-1and N
2jbetween the circular arc of upper surface, then through circular hole N
2jand N
2j+1between the circular arc of lower surface, (j=1,2 ..., n), by this winding mode, making to be wrapped in after the coil electricity on annular organic glass sheet base plate, the direction of current on up/down surface is radially unanimously inwards or outwards; After the hole slot of the unit around complete all odd indexed, then start to be wound around the unit of even number sequence number, method is the same with the unit that is wound around odd indexed, needs to guarantee to be wrapped in the consistent of the coil electricity after-current flow direction on same surface on annular organic glass sheet base plate and the unit of odd indexed.
The present invention will be tied with nickel sheet coil by epoxide-resin glue and stick on plate structure surface, and cylindrical magnet (1) is placed in directly over coil, utilize and lift from apart from produce radial biasing static magnetic field around manual coiling (4); In manual coiling (4), pass into the electric current of an alternation, produce an equally distributed moving field of annular; Outwards Radiation bias static magnetic field and hot-wire coil produce hoop to be uniformly distributed moving field direction orthogonal, based on magnetostrictive effect, ferrimagnet annular nickel sheet (2) produces detrusion, drive plate structure to produce distortion and vibration, thereby in plate structure, motivate isotropic horizontal shear mode SH ripple.
The present invention obtains following beneficial effect:
1, cylindrical magnet is lifted from the height apart from coil 5mm-15mm, produces radial biasing static magnetic field around coil;
2, utilize annular organic glass sheet as coiling base plate, make coil configuration more neat;
3, the coil being wound around according to above-mentioned rule, produces an equally distributed moving field of hoop in coil;
4, change the diameter of annular nickel sheet, can design the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor of different center frequency;
5, will be tied with nickel sheet coil by epoxide-resin glue and stick on plate structure surface, based on nickel sheet magnetostrictive effect, can in the plate structure of different materials attribute, motivate isotropic horizontal shear mode.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The isotropic horizontal shear mode of Fig. 1 magneto strictive sensor structure and fundamental diagram;
Fig. 2 annular organic glass sheet;
The isotropic horizontal shear mode of Fig. 3 magneto strictive sensor coil-winding mode;
Fig. 4 experimental system;
Group velocity and the phase velocities dispersion curve of the thick aluminium sheet of Figure 51 mm;
Under Fig. 6 different frequency, receive the signal amplitude of signal normalization;
Fig. 7 excitation frequency receives signal while being 260kHz;
Fig. 8 omni-directional testing experimental system;
Fig. 9 periodic permanent magnet iron formula EMAT receives one group of signal of isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor;
The normalized signal amplitude of Figure 10 different angles;
In figure: 1, cylindric nd-fe-b magnet, 2, annular nickel sheet, 3, annular organic glass sheet, 4, manual coiling, 5 high-energy ultrasonic excitations receive RAM5000,6, computing machine, 7, digital oscilloscope, 8, pre-amplifying module, 9, rearmounted amplification module, 10, isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor, 11, periodic permanent magnet iron formula EMAT, 12, aluminium sheet.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Based on magnetostrictive effect, design a kind of isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor, utilize this sensor on aluminium, to motivate the omni-directional low order horizontal shear mode SH0 ripple that mode is single.
For isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor, see in Fig. 1: cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1), annular nickel sheet (2), annular organic glass sheet (3), manual coiling (4).
Described rubidium iron boron cylindrical magnet (1), see Fig. 1, it is diameter × thickness=12 × 5 (units: mm) that this example is selected magnet size, lifts from distance by control, radial biasing static magnetic field is provided, and it is 11mm that this example is selected the distance of lifting from of magnet.
Described annular nickel sheet (2), see Fig. 1, in order to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of signal, select the thickness (thickness < 0.15mm) of the nickel sheet of trying one's best thin, it is 0.1mm that this example is selected nickel sheet thickness, nickel plate shape is annular, the theoretical center frequency f of the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor that the conduct of selecting frequency 260kHz will design
c, from dispersion curve Fig. 5, under this frequency, in horizontal shear mode, only there is the horizontal shear mode SH of low order
0, and SH
0ripple does not have frequency dispersion, and the phase velocity of each Frequency point is v
pfor 3130m/s, by λ=v
p/ f
c≈ 12mm, annular nickel sheet external radius r
i=λ/4=9mm, inside radius r
o=3 λ/4=3mm, the theoretical center frequency of the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor that design and respective wavelength and nickel chip size are as shown in table 1.
Table 1 theoretical center frequency and respective wavelength and nickel chip size
| f c(kHz) | λ(mm) | r o(mm) | r i(mm) |
| 260 | 12 | 9 | 3 |
Described annular organic glass sheet (3), is shown in Fig. 2, this example select thickness be the annular organic glass sheet of 0.8mm as coiling base plate, have the equidistant circular hole of a circle approaching edge, outer ring, there is the equally spaced arc groove of a circle at inner ring edge.To be distributed in same footpath upwards circular hole and arc groove regard a unit as, because unit is more, the hoop moving field that coil produces is more even, but increase the difficulty of coiling, because coil diameter and annular bottom plate inside radius are limit, this example is selected 16 unit, angle theta between adjacent two unit
s=22.5 °.
Described manual coiling (4), see Fig. 3, it is the copper enameled wire of 0.2mm that coil is selected diameter, use enameled wire that annular nickel sheet is wrapped on annular plexiglass base plate according to above-mentioned coiling rule, and in coil, be connected with exchange current, produce an equally distributed moving field of annular
Experimental system as shown in Figure 4, comprises that high-energy ultrasonic excitation receives RAM5000 (5), computing machine (6), digital oscilloscope (7); Computing machine (6) is used for controlling the operation of RAM5000 (5), and RAM5000 (5) can produce high-energy ultrasonic signal, and digital oscilloscope (7) is for observation and the storage of signal; Configure pre-amplifying module (8), rearmounted amplification module (9), can detect feeble signal simultaneously.In experimentation, stimulus sensor is isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor (10), receiving sensor has two kinds, isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor (10) and periodic permanent magnet iron formula EMAT (11), detected object aluminium sheet (12), specification is length × wide × thick=1000 × 1000 × 1 (unit: mm), and material is fine aluminium, and density is 2700kg/m
3, Poisson ratio is phase velocity and the group velocity dispersion curve that has provided above-mentioned parameter lower aluminum sheet in 0.3, Fig. 5.
In frequency characteristic test experiment, excitation and reception sensing are all isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor (10); In omni-directional test experiments, stimulus sensor is isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor (10), receiving sensor is selected the periodic permanent magnet iron formula EMAT (11) without contact, avoid using isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor during as receiving sensor, the impact of amplitude to received signal of the Sticking condition difference of coil, the more accurately omni-directional of the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor of reflection and checking design.
1) frequency characteristic test
According to selected parameter, determine isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor structure, the theoretical center frequency f c that designs isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor is 260kHz.By epoxide-resin glue, coil is sticked on to surface of aluminum plate, magnet is placed in directly over coil, adopt sharp debit's formula to test, excitation and receiving sensor are at a distance of 300mm, exciting signal frequency is the 5 cycle sine waves through Hanning window modulation, excitation frequency is increased to 400kHz with step-length 5kHz from 200kHz, extract each frequency and receive first direct wave peak value of signal, draw the frequency characteristic of isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor as shown in Figure 6, test figure represents with circle respectively, pass through curve, the centre frequency that can find out isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor is 265kHz, 260kHz is substantially identical with theoretical center frequency, differ 2%.
Fig. 7 is that excitation frequency receives signal waveform in the time of 260kHz, and by the time method (Time of Flight, ToF) of flying, calculating first direct wave bag velocity of wave is 3103m/s, and theoretical group velocity 3130m/s in aluminium sheet is substantially identical with SH0 ripple.From dispersion curve Fig. 5, frequency, lower than 1MHz, motivates at most three kinds of mode in aluminium sheet, the blue nurse mode of low order antisymmetry A
0, the symmetrical blue nurse mode S of low order
0and low order horizontal shear mode SH
0if there is S
0, A
0the ripple of mode produces, can be at the dotted line place of Fig. 7 emersion wave bag, and Fig. 7 dotted line place does not have other ripple bags, has illustrated that the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor of design can produce the low order horizontal shear mode SH that mode is single
0ripple.
2) omni-directional test
In order to test the omni-directional of isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor of design, build omni-directional testing experimental system as shown in Figure 8, stimulus sensor is the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor of development, be placed on aluminium sheet center as driving source, EMAT is as receiving sensor for periodic permanent magnet iron formula, be placed in take driving source as the center of circle, radius is in 300mm semi-circumference, be spaced apart 15 °, its direction is pointed to the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor as driving source all the time.
Fig. 9 is that periodic permanent magnet iron formula EMAT receives one group of signal of isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor, can find out that receiving signal only has a ripple bag, and by the time method of flying, calculating velocity of wave is 3102m/s, with SH
0 theoretical group velocity 3130m/s in aluminium sheet is substantially identical for ripple, has proved that again isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor can motivate SH
0ripple.Figure 10 is that isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor detects SH in different angles
0ripple normalization amplitude, between (0.85-1.00), has verified the omni-directional of the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor of design.
Claims (5)
1. an isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor, comprises cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1), annular nickel sheet (2), annular organic glass sheet (3), manual coiling (4); It is characterized in that: cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1), annular nickel sheet (2), annular organic glass sheet (3), manual coiling (4) four centres of form overlap in vertical direction; Annular nickel sheet (2) is placed in the coiling plate upper surface that annular organic glass sheet (3) forms, along annular nickel sheet (2) and the circumferential manual coiling of annular organic glass sheet (3) (4), directly over the manual coiling of distance (4), a segment distance is equipped with cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1).
2. isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom surface of cylindric nd-fe-b magnet (1) is 5mm-15mm to the scope of manual coiling (4) distance.
3. isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: annular nickel sheet (2) inside radius is r
i=λ/4; External radius is r
o=3 λ/4, and λ=v
p/ f
c, λ, v
pbe respectively the isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor theoretical center frequency f of design
ccorresponding wavelength and the phase velocity that produces horizontal shear mode SH ripple.
4. isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: annular organic glass sheet (3) is as coiling base plate, thickness range is 0.5mm-1.0mm, and approach the equally spaced circular hole of outer ring edge processing one circle at annular organic glass sheet (3), the equally spaced arc groove of annular organic glass sheet (3) inner ring edge processing one circle, number is all 2n, circular hole and arc groove are radially corresponding one by one, upwards circular hole and arc groove are regarded a unit as will to be distributed on annular organic glass sheet (3) base plate same footpath, annular organic glass sheet base plate has even unit, 2n interval.
5. isotropic horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: manual coiling (4) adopts following winding mode: annular nickel sheet (2) is placed in annular organic glass sheet (3) upper surface, coil, through circular hole and the arc groove of the upper different units of annular organic glass sheet (3), is wound around annular nickel sheet (2) to wrap up; The circular hole of each unit is designated as N
i, arc groove is designated as N
i', unit number i=1,2,3 .., 2n-1,2n; First the hole slot N that linkage unit sequence number is odd number, successively
2j-1, N
2j-1', j=1,2 ..., n, and each unit hole slot is wound around two circles, like this, in the time that coil is wound into unit 2j+1 by unit 2j-1 successively, needs through annular organic glass sheet base plate circular hole N
2j-1and N
2jbetween the circular arc of upper surface, then through circular hole N
2jand N
2j+1between the circular arc of lower surface, (j=1,2 ..., n), by this winding mode, making to be wrapped in after the coil electricity on annular organic glass sheet base plate, the direction of current on up/down surface is radially unanimously inwards or outwards; After the hole slot of the unit around complete all odd indexed, then start to be wound around the unit of even number sequence number, method is the same with the unit that is wound around odd indexed, needs to guarantee to be wrapped in the consistent of the coil electricity after-current flow direction on same surface on annular organic glass sheet base plate and the unit of odd indexed.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104198594A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-12-10 | 北京工业大学 | Multiple-main-frequency combined torsional-mode electromagnetic acoustic array sensor |
| CN104820025A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-05 | 北京工业大学 | Omnidirectional horizontal shearing modal magnetostrictive sensor |
| CN105021715A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-11-04 | 北京工业大学 | Arrayed omnidirectional type horizontal shear modal magnetostrictive transducer |
| CN106324098A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2017-01-11 | 北京工业大学 | Metal plate defect detecting method based on omni-directional SH0 electromagnetic sound sensor array |
| CN106814137A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-09 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of omnidirectional's motivational techniques for ultrasound tomography |
| CN110152963A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of periodic permanent magnet iron formula omni-directional horizontal shear mode Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer |
| CN112305060A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-02-02 | 北京工业大学 | Omnidirectional electromagnet type horizontal shearing modal electromagnetic acoustic sensor |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104198594A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-12-10 | 北京工业大学 | Multiple-main-frequency combined torsional-mode electromagnetic acoustic array sensor |
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| CN105021715A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-11-04 | 北京工业大学 | Arrayed omnidirectional type horizontal shear modal magnetostrictive transducer |
| CN105021715B (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2018-04-27 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of array omni-directional horizontal shear mode magneto strictive sensor |
| CN106324098A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2017-01-11 | 北京工业大学 | Metal plate defect detecting method based on omni-directional SH0 electromagnetic sound sensor array |
| CN106814137A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-09 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of omnidirectional's motivational techniques for ultrasound tomography |
| CN106814137B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2020-10-30 | 北京工业大学 | Omnidirectional excitation method for ultrasonic tomography |
| CN110152963A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of periodic permanent magnet iron formula omni-directional horizontal shear mode Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer |
| CN112305060A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2021-02-02 | 北京工业大学 | Omnidirectional electromagnet type horizontal shearing modal electromagnetic acoustic sensor |
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Application publication date: 20140528 |