Background technology
Along with transportation by railroad cause at a high speed, the development of heavily loaded direction, to the performance of rail and track switch is also corresponding more and more higher requirement proposed.Railway is as the Aorta of transportation, in China, the growth of railway mileage can not meet the demand of fast increasing economy, therefore need to improve train speed and increase load-carrying and improve transport power, cause existing rail because the transport power of excess load causes switching tracks frequently, the aggravation of line inspection burden, especially in curve, heavy-haul line, some rail use just change because of wearing and tearing aggravation only half a year, have not only caused the huge waste of resource, and have affected railway normal transport.
At present, both at home and abroad rail with material be perlitic steel substantially, improving its performance is mainly by alloying or hard surfacing means, its intensity can be increased to 1150-1250MPa.Theory and practice proves, this intensity index has approached the limit of perlitic steel, and what is more important cannot fundamentally solve the problem of impelling strength (about 8J/cm or lower) on the low side.
At present China's Rail Production steel grade mainly contains bis-kinds of the U71Mn of 880MPa level and the U75V of 980MPa level, and its web of the rail notched bar impact strength is lower than 8J/cm.In order to improve the wear resistance of rail, also a part of rail is carried out to rail head thermal treatment (slack quenching) and use.On the one hand rail kind shortage, on the other hand its work-ing life short, be to cause the immanent cause frequently that switches tracks.This just forces rail worker to go research, develop new alternative steel grade, to change this situation.
As everyone knows, the pearlitic structure intensity of steel is low, good toughness (with martensitic phase ratio), and martensitic stucture strength high toughness is low, easily brittle failure, and bainite structure is because its transition temperature is between perlite and martensite, metallographic is heterogeneous structure, has good obdurability.Therefore the use properties of bainite rail is splendid, the intensity enhancing that it is higher the wear resistance of rail, thereby can make greatly improve the work-ing life of rail.Therefore, bainite has obtained application more and more widely on rail.
Granted publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN101921971A discloses a kind of curve and heavy-duty steel rail bainitic steel and bainite rail and production method thereof, wherein, the production method of curve and heavily loaded bainite rail comprises following process: (1) smelts: pass through successively converter smelting-ladle refining-vacuum-treat-continuous casting, obtain the bainite steel billet that contains following weight percent chemical element: C 0.16-0.25, Si 0.70-1.20, Mn 2.10-2.40, P≤0.025, S≤0.015, Cr 0.6-1.2, Mo 0.15-0.40, Ni 0-0.7, all the other are Fe and impurity, (2) hot rolling: bainite steel billet, through hot rolling, obtains hot rolled bainite steel rail, (3) thermal treatment: the rail after hot rolling carries out complete heat treatment, thermal treatment is to be first heated to 880~920 ℃ and be incubated 1-3 hour, then be cooled to 350~300 ℃ so that the speed of 10-20 ℃/min is air-cooled, naturally cool to again room temperature, within 4~8 hours, carry out ageing treatment finally by 200-350 ℃ of insulation.In above-mentioned production process, bainite steel billet through hot rolling is first cooled to certain temperature, again bainite steel billet being heated to 880~920 ℃ heat-treats, there are following several point defects in this production method: heat treatment process consumes the energy very much, the whole production cycle is long, meanwhile, the mechanical property of bainitic steel need to improve; In addition, in process of cooling, foot's contact cold bed of bainite steel billet, therefore, the speed of cooling between foot and head there are differences, and will affect the cooling performance of steel billet entirety, even causes steel billet to deform, or generates other crystalline phase tissue.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of saving the energy, with short production cycle, the bainite rail part that do not deform.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A manufacture method for bainite rail part, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, bainite steel billet is carried out to hot rolling processing, finishing temperature is 880~930 ℃, and by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.16~0.25%, Si 0.70~1.20%, Mn2.10~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.6~1.2%, Mo 0.15~0.40%, Ni0~0.7%, all the other are Fe and impurity;
Step 2, utilize refrigerating unit to carry out cooling process to bainite steel billet, described refrigerating unit comprises two breather lines, two breather lines are separately positioned on the both sides of described bainite steel billet, be parallel to the bearing of trend of described bainite steel billet, the cross section of any breather line has the shape consistent with half outline of described bainite steel billet, half outline of described bainite steel billet is to cut apart with the plane of symmetry of described bainite steel billet the part that described bainite steel billet gained arrives, and between any breather line and described bainite rail, keeping width is the gap of 0~1mm, the head of any breather line is provided with the equally distributed some inlet mouths of length direction along this breather line, the afterbody of any breather line is provided with the equally distributed some air outlets of length direction along this breather line, an inlet mouth and an air outlet are positioned on a cross section of bainite steel billet, pass into air to all inlet mouths of two breather lines simultaneously, by the bainite steel billet continuous cold in described finishing temperature but to design temperature T, stop cooling, described design temperature T is 226 ℃≤T≤300 ℃, speed of cooling V is 0.56 ℃/s < V≤1.5 ℃/s, obtain bainite rail part, described bainite rail part contains bainite structure, residue is martensitic stucture
Preferably, in the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, the width between adjacent two inlet mouths is 1~3cm, and the width between adjacent two air outlets is 1~3cm.
Preferably, in the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, the width of any breather line is 2~4cm.
Preferably, in the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, the inside of any breather line is circumferentially provided with catch along the inwall of this breather line, between adjacent two catch to having an inlet mouth and an air outlet, each catch block breather line cross-sectional area 1/3.
Preferably, in the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, in described step 2, described speed of cooling is 0.78 ℃/s.
Preferably, in the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.18~0.25%, Si 0.80~1.20%, Mn 2.20~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.8~1.2%, Ni 0.3~0.5%, Mo 0.15~0.25%, all the other are Fe and impurity.
Preferably, in the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.18~0.25%, Si 0.80~1.20%, Mn 2.20~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.6~1.0%, Mo 0.15~0.25%, all the other are Fe and impurity.
Preferably, in the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.16~0.22%, Si 0.70~0.90%, Mn 2.10~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.8~1.0%, Ni 0.5~0.7%, Mo 0.3~0.4%, all the other are Fe and impurity.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) production method of the present invention is directly carried out continuously cooling to the bainite steel billet after hot rolling, and to control speed of cooling V be 0.56 ℃/s < V≤1.50 ℃/s, this process is not carried out cooling to the bainite steel billet after hot rolling, also do not heat-treat, therefore saved greatly the energy;
(2) in production method of the present invention, use special refrigerating unit to carry out cooling to steel billet, in the both sides of steel billet, a breather line is set respectively, breather line is arranged to the shape of half part of bainite rail, and the head at breather line has inlet mouth, afterbody has air outlet, thereby in the time passing into air, air flows to afterbody from the head, be equivalent to the transfer to its foot by the heat of the head of steel billet, thereby the difference that reduces the speed of cooling between head and the afterbody of steel billet, reduces even to eliminate distortion;
(3) in production method of the present invention, finishing temperature is 930 ℃, and when speed of cooling V is 0.56 ℃/s, being cooled to 226 ℃ only needs general 20 minutes, has shortened greatly the production cycle, has improved production efficiency;
(4) bainite rail part of the present invention contains bainite structure and martensitic stucture, tensile strength >=1400MPa, yield strength >=1000MPa, unit elongation >=10%, relative reduction in area >=40%, Rockwell hardness 38~45HRC.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art can implement according to this with reference to specification sheets word.
The manufacture method that the invention provides a kind of bainite rail part, comprises the following steps: step 1, bainite steel billet is carried out to hot rolling processing, finishing temperature is 880~930 ℃, by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.16~0.25%, Si 0.70~1.20%, Mn 2.10~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.6~1.2%, Mo 0.15~0.40%, Ni 0~0.7%, all the other are Fe and impurity, step 2, utilize refrigerating unit to carry out cooling process to bainite steel billet, described refrigerating unit comprises two breather lines, two breather lines are separately positioned on the both sides of described bainite steel billet, be parallel to the bearing of trend of described bainite steel billet, the cross section of any breather line has the shape consistent with half outline of described bainite steel billet, half outline of described bainite steel billet is to cut apart with the plane of symmetry of described bainite steel billet the part that described bainite steel billet gained arrives, and between any breather line and described bainite rail, keeping width is the gap of 0.5~1mm, the head of any breather line is provided with the equally distributed some inlet mouths of length direction along this breather line, the afterbody of any breather line is provided with the equally distributed some air outlets of length direction along this breather line, an inlet mouth and an air outlet are positioned on a cross section of bainite steel billet, pass into air to all inlet mouths of two breather lines simultaneously, by the bainite steel billet continuous cold in described finishing temperature but to design temperature T, stop cooling, described design temperature T is 226 ℃≤T≤300 ℃, speed of cooling V is 0.56 ℃/s < V≤1.5 ℃/s, obtain bainite rail part, described bainite rail part contains bainite structure, residue is martensitic stucture.
Bainite steel billet, after hot rolling is processed, has higher temperature, and the present invention just, carries out cooling process to bainite steel billet, thereby effectively utilizes the waste heat of bainite steel billet during in comparatively high temps at bainite steel billet.It is 880~930 ℃ that the present invention arranges finishing temperature.
Fig. 1 has provided the CCT curve of bainite steel billet, in Fig. 1, curve 1 is ferrite curve initial, for the bainite rail part that guarantees to obtain has good mechanical property, in process of cooling, avoid ferritic appearance, therefore, speed of cooling V meets 0.56 ℃/s of V >.In this embodiment, the chemical composition (by weight percentage) of bainite steel billet is: C 0.16~0.25%, Si 0.70~1.20%, Mn2.10~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.6~1.2%, Mo 0.15~0.40%, Ni0~0.7%, all the other are Fe and impurity.The in the situation that of 0.56 ℃/s of speed of cooling V >, HV hardness is more than 420, and tensile strength is more than 1400MPa.
In process of cooling, speed of cooling is too fast, is also unfavorable for obtaining uniform mechanical property.Therefore, control speed of cooling V≤1.50 ℃/s.
Referring to Fig. 2, in process of cooling, utilize special refrigerating unit to carry out cooling process to bainite steel billet.This refrigerating unit comprises two breather lines 1, head 5 and the afterbody 6 of each breather line 1 have respectively inlet mouth and air outlet, also just make pass into air in breather line time, air-flow only can be along the path flow of breather line, flow to foot 4 from the head 3 of bainite steel billet 2, be equivalent to form one air-flow in a cross section of bainite steel billet, thereby the heat of bainite steel billet 2 is shifted to foot from the head, reduce the temperature difference between head and the foot of bainite steel billet, and then it is cooling with the speed of relative homogeneous to control bainite steel billet, thereby eliminate the distortion of bainite steel billet.
Between any breather line and bainite steel billet, keeping width is the gap 7 of 0~1mm.When breather line occurs directly to contact with the surface of bainite steel billet, easily affect the formation of the crystalline phase tissue on bainite steel billet top layer, and then have influence on the mechanical property of bainite steel billet entirety.Therefore, the air that the heat exchange between the air in breather line and bainite steel billet also needs to depend between above-mentioned gap carries out, and the air in above-mentioned gap is also passed to part heat in extraneous atmosphere, thereby makes the process of cooling of bainite steel billet more stable.
In the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, the width between adjacent two inlet mouths is 1~3cm, and the width between adjacent two air outlets is 1~3cm.For the entirety of bainite steel billet is carried out to the cooling of uniformity, the spacing between two adjacent inlet mouths is unsuitable excessive.
In the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, the width of any breather line is 2~4cm.The width of breather line must be suitable, and width is too small, is unfavorable for realizing the object of the temperature difference of eliminating head and foot.
In the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, the inside of any breather line is circumferentially provided with catch along the inwall of this breather line, between adjacent two catch to having an inlet mouth and an air outlet, each catch block breather line cross-sectional area 1/3.The design of catch is further to limit between one group of inlet mouth of air-flow on a cross section at bainitic steel base and air outlet to flow, thereby effectively reduces the temperature difference between head and the foot of bainite steel billet corresponding site.Catch is not that breather line is separated into a lot of parts independent of each other, and catch just forms along inner circumferential wall one circle, and therefore, the inside of whole breather line or entirety are in connected state.
In the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, in described step 2, described speed of cooling is 0.78 ℃/s.
In the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.18~0.25%, Si 0.80~1.20%, Mn 2.20~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.8~1.2%, Ni 0.3~0.5%, Mo 0.15~0.25%, all the other are Fe and impurity.
In the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.18~0.25%, Si 0.80~1.20%, Mn 2.20~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.6~1.0%, Mo 0.15~0.25%, all the other are Fe and impurity.
In the manufacture method of described bainite rail part, by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.16~0.22%, Si 0.70~0.90%, Mn 2.10~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.8~1.0%, Ni 0.5~0.7%, Mo 0.3~0.4%, all the other are Fe and impurity.
Through the processing of production method of the present invention, the bainite rail part obtaining contains bainite structure and martensitic stucture.Bainite rail part comprises that rail, tongue, guard rail, frog, track switch and other requirements have the railway appliance of higher mechanical property.
The model of bainite rail is containing 43kg/m-75k/m.
Below provide embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment mono-
Step 1, bainite steel billet is carried out to hot rolling processing, finishing temperature is 880 ℃, and by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.16~0.25%, Si 0.70~1.20%, Mn 2.10~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.6~1.2%, Mo 0.15~0.40%, Ni 0~0.7%, all the other are Fe and impurity;
Step 2, utilize refrigerating unit to carry out cooling process to bainite steel billet, described refrigerating unit comprises two breather lines, two breather lines are separately positioned on the both sides of described bainite steel billet, be parallel to the bearing of trend of described bainite steel billet, the cross section of any breather line has the shape consistent with half part of described bainite steel billet, half part of described bainite steel billet is to cut apart with the plane of symmetry of described bainite steel billet the part that described bainite steel billet gained arrives, and between any breather line and described bainite rail, keeping width is the gap of 0.5~1mm, the head of any breather line is provided with the equally distributed some inlet mouths of length direction along this breather line, the afterbody of any breather line is provided with the equally distributed some air outlets of length direction along this breather line, an inlet mouth and an air outlet are positioned on a perpendicular, pass into air to all inlet mouths of two breather lines simultaneously, width between adjacent two inlet mouths is 1cm, width between adjacent two air outlets is 1cm, the width of any breather line is 2cm, by bainite steel billet continuous cold but to 226 ℃ in described finishing temperature, stop cooling, wherein, speed of cooling V is 0.57 ℃/s, obtain bainite rail part.Bainite rail part includes bainite structure and martensitic stucture.
The bainite rail part of the present embodiment has following mechanical property: bainite rail part of the present invention contains bainite structure and martensitic stucture, tensile strength 1400MPa, yield strength 1080MPa, unit elongation 11%, relative reduction in area 45%, Rockwell hardness 38HRC.
Embodiment bis-
Step 1, bainite steel billet is carried out to hot rolling processing, finishing temperature is 930 ℃, and by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.18~0.25%, Si 0.80~1.20%, Mn 2.20~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.8~1.2%, Ni 0.3~0.5%, Mo 0.15~0.25%, all the other are Fe and impurity;
Step 2, utilize refrigerating unit to carry out cooling process to bainite steel billet, width between adjacent two inlet mouths is 3cm, width between adjacent two air outlets is 3cm, the width of any breather line is 4cm, by bainite steel billet continuous cold but to 300 ℃ in described finishing temperature, wherein, speed of cooling V is 1.50 ℃/s, obtains bainite rail part.Bainite rail part includes bainite structure and martensitic stucture.In this embodiment, other conditions are consistent with embodiment mono-.
The bainite rail part of the present embodiment has following mechanical property: bainite rail part of the present invention contains bainite structure and martensitic stucture, tensile strength 1670MPa, yield strength 1184MPa, unit elongation 13%, relative reduction in area 46%, Rockwell hardness 45HRC.
Embodiment tri-
Step 1, bainite steel billet is carried out to hot rolling processing, finishing temperature is 900 ℃, by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.18~0.25%, Si 0.80~1.20%, Mn 2.20~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.6~1.0%, Mo 0.15~0.25%, all the other are Fe and impurity;
Step 2, utilize refrigerating unit to carry out cooling process to bainite steel billet, width between adjacent two inlet mouths is 3cm, width between adjacent two air outlets is 3cm, the width of any breather line is 4cm, by bainite steel billet continuous cold but to 260 ℃ in described finishing temperature, wherein, speed of cooling V is 0.78 ℃/s, obtains bainite rail part.Bainite rail part includes bainite structure and martensitic stucture.In this embodiment, other conditions adopt the condition of embodiment mono-.
The bainite rail part of the present embodiment has following mechanical property: bainite rail part of the present invention contains bainite structure and martensitic stucture, tensile strength 1550MPa, yield strength 1164MPa, unit elongation 16%, relative reduction in area 43%, Rockwell hardness 39HRC.
Embodiment tetra-
Step 1, bainite steel billet is carried out to hot rolling processing, finishing temperature is 920 ℃, and by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.16~0.22%, Si 0.70~0.90%, Mn 2.10~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.8~1.0%, Ni 0.5~0.7%, Mo 0.3~0.4%, all the other are Fe and impurity;
Step 2, utilize refrigerating unit to carry out cooling process to bainite steel billet, width between adjacent two inlet mouths is 1cm, width between adjacent two air outlets is 1cm, the width of any breather line is 2cm, by bainite steel billet continuous cold but to 226 ℃ in described finishing temperature, wherein, speed of cooling V is 0.57 ℃/s, obtains bainite rail part.Bainite rail part includes bainite structure and martensitic stucture.In this embodiment, other conditions adopt the condition of embodiment mono-.
The bainite rail part of the present embodiment has following mechanical property: bainite rail part of the present invention contains bainite structure and martensitic stucture, tensile strength 1450MPa, yield strength 1016MPa, unit elongation 11%, relative reduction in area 49%, Rockwell hardness 39HRC.
Embodiment five
Step 1, bainite steel billet is carried out to hot rolling processing, finishing temperature is 880 ℃, and by weight percentage, described bainite steel billet comprises: C 0.18~0.25%, Si 0.80~1.20%, Mn 2.20~2.40%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.015%, Cr 0.8~1.2%, Ni 0.3~0.5%, Mo 0.15~0.25%, all the other are Fe and impurity;
Step 2, utilize refrigerating unit to carry out cooling process to bainite steel billet, width between adjacent two inlet mouths is 1cm, width between adjacent two air outlets is 1cm, the width of any breather line is 2cm, the inside of any breather line is circumferentially provided with catch along the inwall of this breather line, between adjacent two catch to having an inlet mouth and an air outlet, each catch block breather line cross-sectional area 1/3, by bainite steel billet continuous cold but to 300 ℃ in described finishing temperature, wherein, speed of cooling V is 1.50 ℃/s, obtain bainite rail part.Bainite rail part includes bainite structure and martensitic stucture.In this embodiment, other conditions adopt the condition of embodiment mono-.
The bainite rail part of the present embodiment has following mechanical property: bainite rail part of the present invention contains bainite structure and martensitic stucture, tensile strength 1712MPa, yield strength 1201MPa, unit elongation 14%, relative reduction in area 43%, Rockwell hardness 45HRC.Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed utilization in specification sheets and embodiment, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other modification, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend of describing.