CN1038174C - Integrated cellular communications system - Google Patents
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- CN1038174C CN1038174C CN91110698A CN91110698A CN1038174C CN 1038174 C CN1038174 C CN 1038174C CN 91110698 A CN91110698 A CN 91110698A CN 91110698 A CN91110698 A CN 91110698A CN 1038174 C CN1038174 C CN 1038174C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a cellular network communication system which is not only provided with ground network nodes but also provided with satellite network nodes. The code division multiple access technology of spread spectrum and forward error correction coding is adopted to enhance effective gain and selectivity of the system. A multi-beam high gain antenna is installed on the satellite network nodes to establish a first group of small zones, and the extra gain of the satellite is obtained through coupling by FECC. Enough gain is created in the satellite part of the system, and thus, a user only needs to use a small mobile phone with a nondirectional antenna to not only carry out communication with the satellite network nodes but also carry out communication with the ground network nodes. In addition, the position information of the user can also be obtained.
Description
The present invention relates to communication system, particularly about having cell mobile communication systems in conjunction with satellite node and ground node.
Cellular network communication is in U.S.'s fast development, and its development speed is faster than some other countries.It has become a kind of important communication business that serves many purposes, since fast-growth, the saturated people's attention that causes of existing communication business.Highdensity zone has very high use popularity rate, such as Lip river China fir base, New York and Chicago, is to need the most in time to solve.This problem that obtains paying close attention to requires people to try every possible means to solve the crowded of electromagnetic spectrum, and the situation of spectrum congestion becomes serious day by day along with the expansion of society's communication needs.This crowded being not only because each cellular network communication system causes also is because other each communication systems cause simultaneously.Yet, only with regard to the cellular network communication enterprises, estimate that the quantity of worldwide mobile communication subscriber will increase an order of magnitude in 10 years from now on.The radio communication frequency spectrum is limited, in view of this demand that increases day by day of its use aspect, this means and more effectively utilizes radio-frequency spectrum to remain the problem that will continue to study exploration again.
About cellular communication system, existing many articles were described, and were gloomy as Boulder, Denis, Wilbert McClure, " the land mobile communication engineering " that G.F. and that Buddhist nun of Mike are shown, IEE publishing house, New York, 1984; " the mobile cellular communication system " that Lee, William C.Y. are shown, 1989; Jack, " microwave mobile communication " that William C. is shown, IEE publishing house, New Jersey, 1974.
Existing cellular radio Communication system purpose originally is, for incity, flourishing big city automatic telephone user provides mobile telephone service.For backwoodsman user, empty thing user and maritime affairs user, existing AIRFONE and INMARSAT communication service, but coverage is not sufficiently complete communication service appropriate litigation fees costliness.Just probably can provide the direct broadcasting speech channel that has improved for the mobile subscriber in the outlying district, remain very high but compare expense with existing terrestrial cellular Netcom communication service in the mobile radio satellite system of planning stage.Terrestrial cellular network communication system and the satellite mobile radio telecommunications technology of having planned already, be complementary aspect the geography covering, in this area of coverage,, but do not provide communication service for underpopulated area for quite flourishing city and suburb ground based cellular communication system provide the voice call business; And the earth-orbiting satellite of planning will provide communication service for the underpopulatio area.Though these two kinds of communication technologys are utilized the similar frequency bands of radio frequency (RF) frequency spectrum, by design, they can be separated basically, do not conflict, as their coexistences now.At present, if the user needs two kinds of mobile communication coverage modes, just must be to two kinds of quite expensive user's set investments, each system is a kind of.
The demand of mobile telephone service stably increases, and traffic carrying capacity also constantly increases, and has become matter of utmost importance for quantity is ever-increasing from a zone to the problem of another regional mobile subscriber service.Honeycomb net mobile communicating system is divided into some geographic mesh to each service area, and each mesh is served for it by a base station or a node that is positioned at its center usually.This node sends enough big power, so that can cover its mesh with enough field intensity.If certain mobile subscriber enters a new mesh, just radio link is switched to new node, as long as this mesh has the available free channel.Yet, if the mobile subscriber enters region occupied of all channels, or enters the place of any cellular network communication business service of still having no way of, or under certain conditions, enter the zone that service is provided by different neck photograph person/suppliers, this user's call meeting is interrupted suddenly so.
Current land mobile communication system adopts frequency modulation (FM) mode usually, because the inhibition interference performance of FM modulation system is limited, every radio channel can only be used once in a wide regional extent of crossing over many mesh.This means that each mesh can only utilize a very little part of the whole radio bands that is distributed, the result causes fully effectively utilizing radio-frequency spectrum.In some cases, because be called the injury phenomenon of the FM modulation at decline and " dead point ", make speech quality low.The subjectivity influence of decline is, if when mobile unit is in the motion of travelling, voice signal usually repeatedly is submerged among the figure viewed from behind noise, and its frequency reaches per second many times.This problem is owing to aggravate from the interference of the common channel user in the mesh far with owing to the FM modulation suppresses the limited cross-talk that causes of interference capability.In addition, the confidentiality of communication is on duty mutually; Frequency modulation (FM) signal may be received this same frequency other people hear.
With some frequencies of a frequency range without more desirable local of other frequency ranges with only be used under the situation of mobile communication with a frequency range, it is necessary adopting high efficiency communication system, to guarantee to hold many users that hope utilizes this frequency range.For example, be used for aspect various mobile communication system satellites and the mobile link as technical preferred frequency range choosing the L frequency range, current extensively consensus is arranged.Hold whole mobile communication subscribers place for selected this single frequency range, spectrum utilization in jamming-proof zone and can realize function and other miscellaneous services are not increased various improvement aspect the unallowed interference will be a problem of rich importance when considering to make full use of valuable frequency spectrum.
Spread spectrum technic is a technology of being used widely in Military Application, must satisfy relevant fail safe, minimum input possibility in the Military Application and to every requirements such as least sensitiveness of external disturbance.The CF signal that data message was modulated in spread spectrum system, further by relevant broadband, the modulation of pseudorandom " spread spectrum " signal, therefore, transmission bandwidth is much wideer as or more much higher than information rate than the bandwidth of the information that will transmit.Common this spread-spectrum signal will be generated by a kind of pseudorandom judgement Digital Logic algorithm, and this logical algorithm is at receiver one end reproduction.
Signal by identical spread spectrum waveform modulated is received reverts back to original inromation bandwidth again with the signal that receives, to produce desirable signal again.Because receiver only responds the signal with identical unique word spread spectrum, a kind of addressable channel of uniqueness is possible.Equally, power density is low and do not have unique spreading code, this signal detect very difficulty, decoding seldom so confidentiality is enhanced, is reduced the interference of various other service signals.Spread-spectrum signal is for multipath fading, from other users' of this system interference with from the interference of other system, has very strong release ability.
In the satellite communication signal, downlink power is a major issue that will think over.Satellite power is severely limited, and therefore, the number of users that satellite can hold and the economic feasibility of this system must send to the much power of each user with satellite and be inversely proportional to.The moving communication satellite system of many suggestions has depended on the directivity of the user antenna that additional available power gain is provided.This has caused quite high subscriber equipment expense and must set up the inconvenience that certain points to the sharp-pointed or strong selectivity antenna of satellite.In addition, because necessary sizable oriented antenna, hand-held transceiver is unpractical.
In certain terrestrial cellular business, should be in order to overcome the common radiated power level of decline dead zone user's transceiver than the high 30dB to 40dB of desired average level.This makes the interference between the system increase significantly, and the life of storage battery is lowered.Also have a kind of method likely to provide a kind of power and control and compensate decline and disturb, and be no more than to overcoming the necessary minimum power of above-mentioned interference.
In addition, a kind of customer location is determined ability, will be useful for some application of cellular network communication system, as the process of trace commercial vehicle walking along the street line.A kind of further purposes may be to provide a kind of themselves indication of position for the user.A kind of like this ability will be more useful along with the increase of accuracy.
Therefore, setting up a kind of cellular network communication system in conjunction with satellite node and ground node, for the bigger ground region of covering, and need not to use two kinds of different systems with surcharge and hardware requirement, will be likely.In addition, employing can more effectively utilize existing frequency resource and can increase the spread spectrum of communication security, and a kind of cellular network communication system is provided, and also will be likely.In addition, be hopeful also to allow to adopt that power relatively reduces, miniaturization and have mobile subscriber's hand-held set of small-sized non-directional antenna, this hand-held set can with ground base station and satellite base station mutual communication.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of existing ground node node that has living space again, and the cellular network communication system of both complete combinations, the zone that ground node is difficult to cover is covered by empty question node.
The invention provides a kind of cellular communication system, comprising:
At least one has the space nodes of a multi-beam antenna, it is positioned at the place that will set up the first networking hole, each space nodes comprises and is used to send and receives different predetermined array code division multiple access apparatus for encoding, be used for the device of the waveform of spread spectrum digital modulation, and the device that is used for making the waveform of the forward error correction coding frequency range shared with being positioned at predetermined each space nodes to combine; Described antenna has a reflector, and it has multiple unit feed parts that are installed in the reflector focal point district;
At least one ground node, it is positioned at the place in the second networking hole that will set up, and each ground node comprises and is used for sending and receiving predetermined array code division multiple access apparatus for encoding, is used for the device of frequency spreading wave on described predetermined frequency range;
A satellite node control centre is used at each space nodes allocate communications;
An Area Node control centre is used at each ground node allocate communications; And
A plurality of subscriber units in described mesh, each subscriber unit comprises and being used for and each satellite node and each ground node communicating devices, thereby and be used in operation in response to array code division multiple access coding waveforms predetermined one group with described node at least one set up the device of selective communication.
The present invention also provides a kind of cellular network communication system, comprising:
At least one has the space nodes of a multi-beam antenna, it is positioned at the place that will set up the first networking hole, each space nodes comprises and is used to send and receives different predetermined array code division multiple access apparatus for encoding, be used for the device of the waveform of spread spectrum digital modulation, and the device that the waveform of the forward error correction coding frequency range shared with being arranged in predetermined each node is combined;
At least one ground node, it is positioned at the place in the second networking hole that will set up, and each ground node comprises and is used for sending and receiving predetermined array code division multiple access apparatus for encoding, is used for the device of frequency spreading wave on described predetermined frequency range;
A plurality of subscriber units in described mesh, each unit comprises and being used for and each satellite node and each ground node communicating devices, thereby and be used in operation in response to array code division multiple access coding waveforms predetermined one group with described node at least one set up the device of selective communication; And
A grid control centre, it is connected in each space nodes and each ground node in operation, so that distribute selectively between described space nodes and ground node and the communicating by letter of described each subscriber unit.
All space nodes comprise some satellites of setting up mesh, as a rule, and overlapping several ground mesh of mesh.Adopted a kind of spectrum spread communication method, it comprises code division multiplexing multiple access (CDMA) and forward error correction coding technology such as (FECC), so that be increased in the number of users that can hold in the spectral range of permission.Spread spectrum system makes the ability of holding the number of users of maximum possible in the frequency band that adopts low rate very, highly redundant degree coding and be not lost in distribution become possibility.Low rate coding can provide maximum coding gain again conversely, is minimum in the desired signal strength signal intensity of receiver end, thereby, in given frequency band, can be user's service of maximum quantity.
On each satellite, adopt multiple-beam antenna with quite high gain, in a kind of concrete device, adopted antenna with sizable reflector, in reflector, have the multiple unit feed device that is positioned at its focusing surface.By combining of a kind of high-gain aerial and the additional gain that obtains with FECC, have enough gains in the system, make subscriber unit only comprise to have a kind of small and exquisite cell phone of small-sized non-directional antenna.
The various variations of the signal strength signal intensity that a kind of adaptive transmit power control system compensation is received are such as those change in signal strength that is caused by building, vegetation and other barriers.The estimation of path attenuation is derived by received signal strength signal intensity and each data message that sends in signal that is included in indication sender power output.According to the power output data of path attenuation of being derived and sender, receiver then can be adjusted itself corresponding sender power output in view of the above.
In a specific embodiment, adopt a kind of grid control centre to come the operation of coherent system scope, keep tracking on the one hand to customer location, realize that on the one hand various system resources are to first optimum allocation of calling out, transmit the command code of various device, and monitor and manage the normal condition of whole system.Whole system has the grading control characteristics in this specific embodiment, comprise system network control centre, in a zone, coordinate the Area Node control centre of distribution ground network resource in detail, and one or more satellite node control centre, be responsible for Resources allocation in this satellite network resources.In another embodiment, do not have grid control centre in the system, each node control center is automatically moved.
In one embodiment, one or more satellite node control centre is M the satellite mesh service that comprises a group.In this embodiment, M composite signal frequency division multiplexing travelling to and fro between each colony's mesh and at the one or more satellite network node control center that is group service, separated by means of frequency division on public transmission link.In this embodiment, the mesh of the M in the group is a design variable, and the quantity of mesh can be chosen in one and four corner in system.This can be optimized each concrete group district according to the available different intra area rates with local phone of transmission link multiplexing bandwidth.
In another aspect of this invention, a net internal bus system is housed, wherein, user in a mesh downstream can be sent immediately to each mesh of same satellite by bus to the uplink of satellite.
In navigation system of the present invention,, can provide this user's location determination by monitoring a user to the response signal of poll or other signals that transmit by positioning equipment.The time difference that arrives several nodes provides the master data that is used to formulate certain specific user position.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that principle according to the present invention is represented communication system main device unit;
Fig. 2 is the frequency-division section figure that distributes to the cellular network communication system frequency band;
Fig. 3 is according to the communication system overall block-diagram that does not have the principle of the present invention of network control center;
Fig. 4 is the figure of the correlation of the Cellular Networks hierarchy of ground and satellite node in the bent type of the expression system.A kind of group who comprises more than a satellite mesh is proposed;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram of the satellite link system of expression subscriber unit and satellite node control centre;
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of a kind of embodiment of satellite signal processing in the system of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the functional-block diagram of user's transceiver of expression adaptive power control system; With
Fig. 8 a to Fig. 8 h represents a kind of timing diagram of self adaptation bidirectional power control system.
As represented in exemplary diagram, imbody of the present invention a kind of cellular network communication system that adopts satellite and ground node to combine.Two kinds of nodes adopt same modulation, coding and spread spectrum structure, and the both is in response to identical subscriber unit.
With reference to Fig. 1, introduced a kind of overall general picture of communication system 10, represented main device mutually between functional relationship.The top layer that grid control centre 12 points to whole system satellite and the calling of ground region resource distributes.Simultaneously it also is used for the operation in the coherent system scope, maintenance is to the tracking of customer location, realize the optimum allocation of system resource to each calling, transmit the various device command code, and the operate as normal that monitors and manage whole system, each Area Node control centre 14 (only having expressed one of them) is connected with grid control centre 12, and guides each distribution of calling out of each ground node in the main metropolitan area.This Area Node control centre 14 provides the fixed bottom boundary communication line, for example is called the discrepancy path of the business telephone system of public telephone switching network (PSIN).Ground node 16 on the direction of each Area Node control centre 14 receives each call via the fixed bottom boundary line network, they are encoded, according to unique spreading code of distributing to each designated user they are carried out spread spectrum, they are formed a composite signal, this composite signal is modulated on the transmitting carrier frequency, and they are broadcasted to the cell that is covered.
Satellite node control centre 18 also is connected with grid control centre 12 with the control ground line via state, the designated telephone that is used for satellite circuit is called out carried out and from the identical processing of PSIN calling.Each calling is encoded, with they spread spectrums, the calling of they and other equidirectional is multiplexed into a uplink according to unique spreading code of distributing to designated user.Multiplexing signal passes to the satellite 20 of appointment.Satellite node 20 is received the uplink multiplexed signals, the frequency division demultiplexing is carried out in each calling that will arrive different satellite mesh, carry out after the frequency translation each calling being sent to its corresponding mesh transmitter and mesh wave beam, and the composite signal that all that equidirectional is called out is broadcasted to the cellular district of the satellite that will transmit.Here used " transmission lines backhaul " speech implication is meant the link between satellite 20 and the satellite node control centre 18.In one embodiment, it utilizes K-band frequency, and utilizes L-band or S-band frequency between satellite 20 and subscriber unit 22.
Subscriber unit 22 response satellite initial spikes, or ground node initial spike, the composite signal that reception is transmitted, unique spreading code of distributing to the user by utilization cuts apart out the signal that will be sent to that user, carry out demodulation, decode useful information at last, and send this call to user.Above-mentioned user single 22 can move, and also can be to be fixed on certain position.Gateway 24 is in satellite and ground public switched telephone network system, or the direct repeating system line is provided between the ad-hoc relay user, i.e. one group of channel.For example a gateway can comprise special-purpose ICBM SHF satellite terminal, uses for a major company or other unit, and in the embodiment in figure 1, gateway 24 is connected with grid control centre 12.
All centers discussed above, node, unit and gateway are that full duplex is posted a letter/collected mail, and as described in just, carry out and go into the chain circuit function to (user is to system) accordingly, and opposite way goes out the chain circuit function to (system is to the user).
Referring now to Fig. 2, express the communication system of a frequency range of being distributed 26.The frequency range 26 of being distributed is divided into two main frequency-division sections again, and one goes out to frequency-division section 25 and one to go into to frequency-division section 27.These two main frequency-division sections further are divided into the experimental process frequency range again in addition, and the regulation of frequency sub-band is as follows.
OG: ground goes out to frequency range 28 (ground node is to the user)
OS: satellite goes out to frequency range 30 (satellite node is to the user)
OC: go out to calling out and order 32 (node is to users)
IG: ground is gone into to frequency range 34 (user is to ground node)
IS: satellite is gone into to frequency range 36 (user is to satellite node)
IC: go into to calling out and follow the tracks of frequency range 38 (user is to node)
All users use the frequency sub-band of whole regulation to finish described function in all mesh.Be different from used ground and satellite mobile communication system, need not carry out frequency division by mesh, each is called out and can use these that six frequency sub-band of principle of identity are arranged.The result of An Paiing is like this, as following want discussed in detail, frequency usage factor again is higher.
In one embodiment, poll of moving user unit response or automatically the time, not timing ground sends a kind of pulse train marking signal of IC frequency sub-band.When unit 22 was in stand-by state, this situation can take place.This marking signal needs only this unit in each zone, just followed the tracks of by this regional node control center 14, otherwise this signal will be by satellite node or each node tracking.In another embodiment, this marking signal is by all ground and the satellite node tracking that can receive it, and this information is via state and order circuit or alternate manner further to be sent to the network control center 12.In this manner, Shi Yong Area Node control centre 14 and grid control centre 12 keep knowing cell-site and each user's who is taking 22 link selection constantly.Deliver to or only handle in general by Area Node control centre 14 separately from a calling in mobile subscriber 22 the zone.According to the position of institute's call peer, the principle of the quality of each link selection, resource availability and optimal utilization resource is distributed satellite or ground region system resource by grid control centre 12 to intra area.
The user 22 who is in stand-by state constantly monitors public going out to calling frequency frequency sub-band OC32, seeks call signal to its addressing by his unique spreading code.This calling can be from ground or satellite node start.Discern its uniqueness and call out the ringer function that the sign indicating number back starts user single 22.When user's off-hook, for example telephone handle is taken up from support, the backspace signal is broadcasted to any receiving node at customer call frequency sub-band IC38 from subscriber unit 22.This has just begun to call out the handshaking sequence between node and the subscriber unit, and this handshaking sequence indicates this subscriber unit and whether is forwarded to satellite OS30 and IS36, or is dealt into ground frequency sub-band OG28 and IG34.
The mobile subscriber who wants to make a phone call directly makes his unit 22 off-hooks, dials callee's number, confirms number, and sends call.Therefore, starting alerting signal sequence in IC frequency sub-band 38.This calling is received by several ground and satellite node, these nodes forward forwarded call and signal quality reporting to suitable grid control centre 12, control centre 12 specifies this call treatment to one specific satellite node 20/ satellite node control centre 18 conversely, or regional node control center 14, perhaps arrive both.At this moment call-processing arrangement is in the contact function of OC32 and starting of IC38 frequency sub-band and calling unit, and guiding at last carries out the transition to suitable satellite or the ground frequency sub-band communicates.
Referring now to Fig. 3, a kind of block diagram that the communication system 40 of system network control centre is not provided.In this system, satellite node control centre 42 is directly connected to the ground line network, as also being regional node control center 44.Gateway system 46 is as also being useful in the system of Fig. 1, and satellite communication is linked to each other with suitable ground line or other communication systems.Subscriber unit 22 shows the communication of satellite node 20 or the communication of ground node 50 by sending predetermined coding.
Referring now to Fig. 4, represent a kind of hierarchical cellular shape structure.Express the group 52 of a pair of ground mesh 54 among the figure.In addition, many satellite mesh 56 are shown also, though the numeral 54 and 56 each only point to two mesh, doing like this is in order to keep clear among the figure.Numeral 54 all ground mesh that are intended in the presentation graphs, same, numeral 56 is intended to represent all satellite mesh.Mesh is being expressed as hexagon in shape, yet this only is demoncal ration.The ground mesh can pass through 3 to 15 kilometers, and according to the user density in the mesh, the mesh of other magnitude range also is feasible.The satellite mesh can be crossed over 200～500 kilometer range as an example, depends on the employed wave beam number in a topped given area.As shown in the figure, some satellite mesh can not comprise any ground mesh.This mesh can be used for covering some under-developed areas, and for this zone, ground node is unpractiaca.Also express part satellite group 58 among the figure.The mesh of this population makes full use of a common satellite node control centre.
Outstanding advantage of the present invention is, does not need to use different frequency ranges because of adopting the spread spectrum multiple access adjoining cells.Each ground user link all use two identical frequency sub-band (OG28, IG24), each satellite user link use two identical frequency sub-band (OS30, IS36).This has just eliminated the complexity of not doing like this and should guarantee (FM modulator approach) restrictive frequency coordination problem that each frequency must not be utilized again in less than a certain minimum range at each mesh mutual spacing.Yet a kind of classification setting of mesh scope but is provided, has the very various zones of big difference to hold user density.
Refer again to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, satellite node 20 adopts big many feed antennas 62, and antenna 62 provides wave beam separately and the sender that separates accordingly for each satellite mesh 56 in a kind of example.For example, many feed antennas 62 can cover the such zone of the U.S. with 100 general satellite beams/mesh, and cover with 200 wave beams/mesh in one embodiment.The satellite/terrestrial node system of combination provides the alveolate texture of classification on a kind of geography.Thereby at densely populated metropolitan area, each satellite mesh 56 can further comprise 100 or more ground mesh 54, and which ground mesh can normally transmit the telephone traffic that originates from the there in a large number.The number of users expection of ground node 16 can surpass the number of users of satellite node 20, and the ground mesh is present among the satellite mesh here.Because not so all that ground node user will be subjected to wanting the interference as background noise with satellite link, so can be the some segments that separate with frequency allocation in one embodiment, be used for ground installation and room device, this was describing in conjunction with Fig. 2.The blended service of this combination can provide a kind of mode to user transparent.Each call will be distributed in all available ground and satellite resource by grid control centre 12 with effective and efficient manner.
The important parameters that great majority are considered in cellular radio communication system be " group " (cluster), and be defined as the minimum mesh that is provided with, if co-channel mesh is in different groups, the phase mutual interference that utilizes a given frequency sub-band between each mesh is again allowed, and all mesh in a group must adopt different frequency sub-band on the contrary.Mesh number in such group is called group district's capacity (cluster size).As can be seen, frequency is usage factor again, i.e. recycling number of times of frequency sub-band in system equals in the system mesh count divided by group district capacity.The channel number that each mesh can adopt, thereby total effective bandwidth of system, all inversely proportional with group district capacity.According to described content, compare with other ground or satellite Cellular Networks system, system of the present invention reaches minimum possible group district capacity, for the notion of other ground or satellite Cellular Networks, typical group district capacity is 7 to 13, so the frequency that the present invention has maximum possible usage factor again.A major advantage of the present invention that Here it is.
Referring now to Fig. 5, what block diagram was represented is that a kind of typical subscriber unit 22 and satellite 20 communicate by letter with satellite node control centre 18, and control procedure comprise subscriber unit 22 and satellite node control centre 18.For example when carrying out a call, telephone bandset 64 off-hooks, and by the defeated number of user.Dial the number confirming after the demonstration, the user promotes " transmission " button, has so just started call request signal.This signal adopts a kind of spreading code of calling out that the sender treatment circuit 66 of signal spread-spectrum is handled by comprising.Signal is launched by non-directional antenna 68, and is received by its narrow beam antenna 62 by satellite 20.Satellite is handled the signal of being received, this will introduce below.Uplink/downlink antenna 70 by it sends downstream signal to satellite node control centre 18 simultaneously.About the reception aspect, the antenna 68 of subscriber unit 22 receives this signal, and the processor 72 of receiver is handled this signal.The processing procedure of subscriber unit 22 will describe in detail with reference to Fig. 7 below.
Its antenna 71 of satellite node control centre 18 usefulness receives this signal, signal is added to a circulator 73, amplifier 74, frequency demultiplexing device 76, amplify this signal and isolate the composite signal that comprises from the next signal of user shown in Figure 5, decomposer 78 is one of one group of associated code with signal decomposition, they each comprise that frequency mixer 80 usefulness remove spread spectrum and identity code.Through AGC amplifier 82, fec decoder device 84, demultiplexer 86 and speech coder/decoder (CODEC) 88 is transformed to analog voice signal with digital speech information at last.Voice signal is delivered to suitable ground line subsequently, as the business telephone system.The transmission at node control center 18 via satellite is actually the anti-process of above-mentioned reception operation.
Referring now to Fig. 6, the form of the satellite repeater 90 usefulness block diagrams among Fig. 5 shows.Circulator/duplexer 92 receives uplink signal and signal is added to suitable L-band or S-band amplifier 94.Signal from whole M satellite mesh in the group is multiplexed into a compound K wave band trunk signal by frequency division multiplexing device 96, and occupied frequency bandwidth is M a times of each L/S wave band mobile link channel.This composite signal is divided into N part by dispenser 98 immediately, amplifies respectively through amplifier 100, and sends to N satellite ground mesh that separates through second circulator 102.This general structural arrangements is supported a series of concrete configuration, various configurations may adapt to one or another kind of situation that depends on system optimization best, for instance, system optimization may comprise the long distance rates structure of the ground line of domain of dependence, the consideration of aspects such as Frequency Distribution and user area population.Therefore, for low-density rural area, people can utilize a kind of M-to-1 (M＞1, group structure N=1), this structure by the service of a shared satellite ground node, have the mesh that M is linked to each other by the M of available bandwidth limits.For the high-quality long-distance telecommunications service is provided between existing metropolitan area, or preferably be coated with the local telephone calls of mobile ground Cellular Networks technology, a kind of M-to-M structure will provide a bus between the metropolitan area, this bus and then all users of above-mentioned M satellite mesh are connected together is just like in same local call district.In order to illustrate, comprise M the user's mesh in Fig. 6 left side group identical mesh (for example: Seattle Seattle, the refined basic Los angeles in Lip river, E Maha Omaha etc.) each is served by Fig. 6 right side corresponding relay circuit wave beam.
Referring now to Fig. 7, represent a kind of functional-block diagram of typical subscriber unit 22.This subscriber unit 22 comprises an ambulatory transceiver that volume is little, in light weight, cost is low that has a small-sized non-directional antenna 68 machine conveniently.Antenna 68 is by means of adopting circulator/duplexer 104 or other devices that the two kinds of functions of posting a letter and collect mail are provided.It is real portable machine, no matter be in static or be in the motion, all allows to insert the various communication services that have a wide reach from a telephone set with call number.Expect that this subscriber unit will use the frequency of 1-3GHz frequency to send and receive, but also can on other frequency ranges, move.
Subscriber unit 22 shown in Figure 7 comprises sender part 106 and gathering machine part 108.The transmission of voice communication, microphone is coupled to encoder 110 to voice signal, and encoder is adopted the conversion that one of known modern speech coding technology of various persons of ordinary skill in the field is realized the analog to digital coding.Audio digital signals and local status data and/or other data, fax or image, text and data etc. combine, and form a composite bit stream at digital multiplexer 112.The digital bit stream that the result generates is then by forward error device 114, symbol or bit inserter 116, symbol or bit, phase place and/or amplitude modulator 118, arrowband IF (intermediate frequency) amplifier 120, wide band multiplier or frequency multiplier 122, broadband IF amplifier 124, broadband mixer 126, and power amplifier 128.The frequency variable combiner drives bit or the baud frequency generator 130 of oscillator or equivalence, pseudo noise or " useless (chip) " frequency generator 132, and carrier oscillator 134.PRN generator 136 comprises the decision logic that produces pseudorandom bit stream, and pseudorandom bit stream can be duplicated generation in the far-end receiver.Ringing current generator 138 is created on the function a kind of short pseudo random sequence with the ringing-current equivalence after obtaining order.
The 108 demodulation work of transceiver receiver function part are corresponding to the anti-process that sends modulation function in the sender part 106.This signal is received by non-directional antenna 68, and delivers to circulator 104.Amplifier 142 amplifies the signal of being received and be transformed to intermediate frequency (IF) in frequency mixer 144.The IF signal amplifies by 146, and 148 multiply each other or despreading, and are amplified by 150 intermediate frequencies once more.This medium-frequency IF signal is delivered to the bit of the polarity of judgement every channel bit or a symbol or value or 152, one bits of symbol detector or symbol subsequently and is removed inserter 154, delivers to a forward error decoder 156 subsequently.Then demultiplexer 158, be split into the part that its several voice, data and order etc. are formed from the composite bit stream of fec decoder device 156.Voice decoder 160 is finished the conversion of digital to analogy afterwards, and this voice signal is delivered to the user with loud speaker or other devices at last.Local oscillator 162 provides the oscillation signals according (LO) of first frequency mixer 144 and the timing of bit or symbol detector 152.PRN oscillator 164 and PRN generator 166 are provided for the spread-spectrum signal decision logic of despreading purpose.Baud or bit clock oscillator 168 are pointed out device 152 at bit, in forward error decoder 156 and the Voice decoder, drive bit.
Bit or symbol inserter 116 and go inserter 154 that a kind of scramble time diversity reception mode is provided, this receive mode provides effective power gain, the multipath fading that the compensation mobile subscriber often runs into.Its function is the effect of the burst of diffusion or distributed channel bit or symbol error, so they can be proofreaied and correct by error correcting code more reliably.
As another kind of working method, for being composed of rules to the transmission data of the chain of posting a letter or fax or other numerical data input 170 with from the output 172 of collection of letters chain.
Command decoder 174 and command logic device 176 are connected to forward error decoder 156, so that receive various command and information.Technical field specific coding techniques known to the skilled under utilizing can be ignored by Voice decoder 160 in the non-voice output of forward error decoder 156, but be utilized by command decoder 174.An example of specific coding technology is shown among Fig. 7 with MUX112 and DEMUX158.
As shown in the figure, obtain, control and tracking circuit 178 be contained in receiver part 108, supplies with three receiver side function oscillators 162,164,168, so that obtain and follow the tracks of the phase place of their corresponding opposite end oscillators in the signal that receives.The letter justice of doing like this is known for the person of ordinary skill in the field.
The automatic gain of deriving from the signal that receives control (AGC) voltage 184 is used for controlling preamplifier in a usual manner, to reach optimum value, in addition as the short term variations indicating device of the suffered path attenuation of received signal.According to following more detailed introduction, this information is combined with received data 186 in the power level controller 188 of indication level at once, at power controller 188 places, received signal once was initial the transmission, to order local continuous transmission power level to arrive a certain numerical value, thereby make the numerical approximation of being received in satellite node control centre invariable, and do not rely on the influence of decline and shade.Command level to output power amplifier 128 also supplies with 190, to sender multiplexer 112, so that be sent to units corresponding.
In mobile communication and other radio application, decline, shade and interference phenomenon cause increasing considerably accidentally, potentially path attenuation.Low to the acceptable degree at the decline probability of happening of interrupt communication in order to guarantee the sort of meeting, traditional method for designing is by sending above the normal power that on average requires power 10 to 40dB, to provide a kind of sizable power headroom.But can become between the use amount that correspondingly increases storage battery, system like this and intrasystem interference.In CDMA uses, can significantly reduce the efficient circuit ability of every channel like this.
A kind of another characteristics of system are a kind of adaptive controls in accordance with the principles of the present invention, this adaptive control continuously keeps each emitted power to be in necessary minimum levels, the fast adaptation and the above-mentioned decline of dynamically holding, and just think just to carry out in case of necessity adaptive control.Each sender was by sending to a kind of low rate data streams and digital composite output signal addition remote measurement at that time the signal output level of far-end receiver.Utilize this information and the received signal intensity of measuring, and the supposition path fading has reciprocity, every end can both form a kind of estimation of path attenuation at once, and adjust the output of their current transmitted powers, reach one and can make corresponding opposite end receiver when not considering that path attenuation still presents the transmission power level of approximately constant received signal level when changing.
To Fig. 8 h, a kind of timing and oscillogram of self adaptive power control system have in accordance with the principles of the present invention been provided referring now to Fig. 8 a.In this example, the two ends of communication link are expressed as A and B prevailingly.In the terrestrial cellular net was used, A was corresponding to the user, and B should be satellite node mutually, and in this case, satellite is reduced to the regenerative repeater of a fixed gain, and the control of its power output is to be realized by the signal level that sends to it.
In the example of Fig. 8 a, 192 o'clock time, path attenuation increased XdB suddenly, for example this since mobile subscriber A drive to a building back or near near user A, barrier arranged.This reduces XdB with regard to the signal strength signal intensity that the AGC that causes by A measures, shown in Fig. 8 b.Shown in Fig. 8 c, 192 o'clock time, remote measurement to data show that the level that sent from B of this signal never had variation at this moment.The power level controller 188 of A from the received signal level that observes deduct remote measurement to the transmission signal level, and calculate path attenuation and increased XdB.A increased its signal level output XdB 192 o'clock time shown in Fig. 8 d in view of the above.And meanwhile, this information is added to its state telemeter channel.
This signal is sent to B, arrives after the T in transit time, shown in Fig. 8 e.The B receiver finds that the signal strength signal intensity of receiving is invariable.Shown in Fig. 8 f, but learn that the signal of giving it is+XDB from the telemetry channel shown in Fig. 8 g.So B also calculates path attenuation and has increased XdB.Adjust its output signal level in view of the above, shown in Fig. 8 h, and this information of remote measurement.This signal increase is returned the A that arrives at a station in the 2T time, shown in Fig. 8 e, thereby is postponing back restoring signal intensity 2 transit times (T).So, change for a near path attenuation that occurs in the A, can think what path attenuation compensation at B place came down to carry out at once, and only postpone that promptly 2T just can occur afterwards 2 transit times in this compensation in A place.
Referring again to Fig. 7, provide a kind of arrangement that is used for producing call request and detects ringing-current.This ringing signal generator 138 is according to the principle generation ringing signal of subscriber unit exhalation user code.In order to receive a calling, with a kind of fixedly matched filter 198 of short pulse sequence coupling in detect ringing signal.This short pulse sequence is loaded with user's unique word.According to the method, each user can be called out selectively.As a kind of option, ringing-current detects with call request signal and can be used for poll/response mode, provides trace information to each user who is in work and stand-by state.The various functions that the process of trace information, appropriate managerial are called out route provide by means of the signal quality of relatively receiving under variety of way.For accurate localization is selected, user's response signal temporally precise was locked on the time of receipt (T of R) that can discern regularly timing (poll) signal of time of occurrence with setting up uniqueness, was locked in simultaneously on the wide part of PRN sheet.From the time of two or more node measurement polls/response round-trip, or measure the time difference that arrives several nodes, the fundamental measurement that can solve and supply with accurate customer location is provided.Ground and satellite sender and receiver have the above duplicate various functions that subscriber unit is summarized.Given previous information can access of great value customer position information from the measurement of a node one way poll/response time.
Command logic 176 further is connected to the AGC180 of receiver, and matched filter ringing-current detector (RD) 198 is gathered and tracking circuit 178, sends local oscillator (LD) 162 and ringing current generator (RG) 138, and various working methods are issued an order.
The economic feasibility of mobile phone communication system with can support that the number of users that holds is relevant.Two critical limitation to the number of users that can support are bandwidth usage efficient and power utilization efficient.Aspect bandwidth availability ratio, no matter based on ground-based cellular systems or mobile-satellite device, it is the resource that seriously is restricted that radio-frequency spectrum is distributed.The measure that reaches the maximum bandwidth utilance that makes that embodies in the present invention comprises, adopts code division multiple access (CDMA) technology of the availability of frequency spectrum gain that provides high and makes and utilize more that the miniature antenna wave beam becomes possible higher spatial frequency usage factor again.Aspect relevant power utilization, this is a principal element for the satellite moving system repeated link, and each user's satellite sender source power is reduced to minimum by adopting forward error correction coding.This is again above-mentionedly to utilize spread spectrum code division multiple access (SS/CDMA) technology and allow with relative high-gain aerial on satellite conversely.CDMA and forward error correction coding are that the person skilled in the art is known, no longer are described in further detail here.
Present detailed consideration bandwidth availability ratio problem.SS/CDMA has confidential relation to the main improvement and the Cellular Networks " group " of the availability of frequency spectrum.In existing frequency division and time-division multiplexing multiple access technology, the given frequency or the distribution of time slot must prevent near the interference of mesh each user of identical frequency sub-band.Depend on desired defend degree, each frequency of getting rid of mesh " X " is necessary utilizing in several mesh N of " X " again.This mesh number N is called group district's capacity (cluster size).Because each mesh can only utilize N/one that can distribute the total channel number, can find that when every other condition was identical, then usage factor and the availability of frequency spectrum and group district capacity N were inversely proportional again for frequency.
The 15th page of the Bell Systems in January, 1979 Technical Journal, The Cellular Concept one literary composition of Macdonald V.H. points out that the field test of FM frequency division multiplexing ground-based cellular systems determines, is considered as signal and interference ratio that good quality needs 17dB for making most of hearers.Combine with propagation and decline research, this just obtains a kind of standard, promptly should be at least to 6 times of user's maximum distance in the mesh of ground node place use non-directional antenna at the standoff distance between the co-channel position.In order to reach isolation, group district capacity is necessary for every crowd of N=12 mesh at least.Therefore, people are only to use 1/12 of every mesh total allocation channel capacity.
In satellite service, maximum web hole area size is inversely proportional with the parabolic diameter of satellite antenna.For the given parabolic diameter of feasible maximum, operable number of channels is subjected to the strictness restriction of group district amount of capacity.In the AMSC system of planning, people such as C.E.Agnew are at Proceeding of the Mobile Satellite Conference, (NASA, JPL, May 1988) AMSC moving satellite system (The AMSC Mobile SatelliteSystem) literary composition in point out that effectively group district capacity is 5, thereby people are only to use 1/5 of every mesh total allocation channel capacity.
In a system according to the present invention, group district capacity is 1, and promptly each mesh uses identical whole frequency ranges of being distributed.This is possible, because spread spectrum code division multiple access technology (SS/CDMA) has very strong anti-interference.In each user's of adjoining cells who adopts similar frequency bands effect, compare with other user's effects in identical mesh, there be not any difference qualitatively.Therefore, can think that the number of users that can allow reduces effectively in a mesh.The summation that every other mesh disturbs supposing that all even range attenuation rule of user density is similar to the propagation of ground wave or the satellite beams width of cloth is penetrated under the situation of figure, can be calculated.During this calculating, we find, about the total multiplication factor that disturbs corresponding to original interference in the district of radio, are 1.4 to the propagation of ground wave, and are 2.0 for satellite system.This factor can think to cdma system effectively group district capacity on effect, doubly take advantage of equivalence.At last, can believe, with other system relatively after, we find frequency again usage factor or bandwidth usage rate coefficient be inversely proportional to following ratio and effective group district capacity:
0.71∶0.5∶0.2∶0.08
Be applicable to terrestrial cellular net composition of the present invention respectively, satellite Cellular Networks of the present invention is formed, AMSC mobile-satellite notion, and current terrestrial cellular network technology.
Second restriction that seriously is subjected to is the satellite main power source in satellite link, and therefore the chief component of a communication satellite weight also is the principal element in the satellite cost.In general, as system in, be maximum electrical source consumption to each user's downlink, so, perhaps be the limiting factor of the number of users that can serve of satellite for limited satellite power supply power.Therefore, it is crucial designing every user's power demand minimum system.In the present invention four kinds of method suggestions have been proposed in this requirement.In the present invention, system's imagination adopts the highest feasible satellite antenna gain.In one embodiment, power gain is in the magnitude of 45dB, and beamwidth is estimated to reach below 1 degree at L-band.This point can be realized by the antenna of nearly 20 rice diameters.Adopted a kind of parabolic reflector antenna that the compensation feed is arranged in the reflecting surface focus that has in one embodiment.Approximate 20 meters of the edge diameter of reflecting surface, in S-band, approximate 0.4 degree of each beamwidth.
Second by means of the advantage that adopts spread spectrum, and very the coding of low rate high-gain is feasible, and not by means of the negative consequence that increases occupied bandwidth.
The 3rd, system uses channel bit to insert/go insertion, and a kind of time diversity of coding is to provide the power gain of antagonism deep fade zero-bit.This just makes at quite low bit energy and noise density ratio, and generally working under the situation of 3dB magnitude becomes possibility.This is reflected at the satellite power requirement of every user's minimum conversely again.
The 4th, as described above the two-way adaptation power controller has been avoided situation about will transmit continuously usually under a certain power level like that, and this power level is than needed level of most of times big 10 to 40dB, so that the surplus deposit is provided, adapt to the deep fade that seldom occurs.
Except advantage listed above, code-division multiplexing system also has following significant advantage in native system.Some channel does not have occupied free time can reduce the average interference of background.In other words, system can moderately transship and be underload.System can for good and all provide the flexibility of base band speed, and is opposite with FDM, and the signal with different base band speed can be together multiplexing with rule of specialty, do not need complicated planning in advance, also do not limit the allocative decision of frequency range.Not all user needs identical base band speed.The control of satellite antenna secondary lobe is significantly reduced.The outer The Study of Interference of above-mentioned several nets shows that the influence of second secondary lobe can be ignored fully.Is feasible with sign indicating number reallocation (promptly utilizing identical spreading code again) under the situation of a wave beam of only being separated by.Yet, because unlimited many channel code (comprising that promptly phase change is as the method that individual code is provided) are in fact arranged, be easy to reach in the requirement aspect the sky branch, there is no need to utilize again same channel, i.e. spreading code.
By means of design factor discussed above, according to system of the present invention a kind of ability flexibly can be proposed, in order to following additional special service to be provided: high-quality, two-forty voice-and-data business; Fax (three class machines of standard and high speed four class machines); Two-way news promptly can variable Rate carry out exchanges data between various portable terminals; Automatic location and report in hundreds of feet scopes; The Home Telephone in radio paging rural area; And private radio exchange.
Can predict, satellite will utilize the relative track that is maintained fixed with earth potential, but be not limited thereto.The present invention also allows to operate in other tracks.System network control centre designs to such an extent that can normally will communicate by letter with satellite or ground node to the user and make one's options.In another embodiment, as a kind of selection, the user can require him to make a choice between the through trunk circuit in satellite link and ground, and this depends on anyly at that time can provide communication more clearly, and the selection that perhaps requires him is based on other communicating requirements.
When discussion that satellite node is made in the above, and be not inclined to that this provides above the ground communication service mode only arranged.Break down at satellite, perhaps because other reasons can not provide under the situation of desired services grade, for example by a kind of entity institute barrage jamming of hostility, the vehicle on aircraft or other super ground can replace satellite to satellite, and above-mentioned satellite function is provided.Above-mentioned " ground " node can rest on the ground, or in the water at the earth's surface.In addition, though shown and described each user and be arranged in automobile, the user of other positions also may exist.For example, a satellite can be a user who transmits the system of signal, and the ship at a sea of erect image can be that the user is the same, or the user of walking.
Although several concrete form of the present invention was illustrated already and described, yet fully aware of, various modifications can both be carried out under the situation that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.Except that additional claims, will not limit the invention for this reason.
Claims (20)
1. cellular communication system comprises:
At least one has the space nodes of a multi-beam antenna, it is positioned at the place that will set up the first networking hole, each space nodes comprises and is used to send and receives different predetermined array code division multiple access apparatus for encoding, be used for the device of the waveform of spread spectrum digital modulation, and the device that is used for making the waveform of the forward error correction coding frequency range shared with being positioned at predetermined each space nodes to combine;
At least one ground node, it is positioned at the place in the second networking hole that will set up, and each ground node comprises and is used for sending and receiving predetermined array code division multiple access apparatus for encoding, is used for the device of frequency spreading wave on described predetermined frequency range; It is characterized in that:
Described antenna has a reflector, and it has multiple unit feed parts that are installed in the reflector focal point district;
Described communication system also comprises:
A satellite node control centre is used at each space nodes allocate communications;
An Area Node control centre is used at each ground node allocate communications; And
A plurality of subscriber units in described mesh, each subscriber unit comprises and being used for and each satellite node and each ground node communicating devices, thereby and be used in operation in response to array code division multiple access coding waveforms predetermined one group with described node at least one set up the device of selective communication.
2. cellular communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the position that is used for by providing timing signal from one or more nodes to subscriber unit to determine a selected user unit, measures subscriber unit to the response time of each timing signal and the positioner of determining location of subscriber unit according to this measurement.
3. cellular communication system according to claim 2 is characterized in that positioner is used for also determining which mesh the selected user unit is positioned at, and is used to indicate the position of this mesh.
4. cellular communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that subscriber unit comprises that is equipped with a handheld portable transceiver in fact non-directional antenna and each node communication.
5. communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Each comprises a transceiver that is used for mutual communication subscriber unit and node, and each transceiver comprises:
A sender, it exports the signal that is sent out under the controlled power level, and comprises level data in the signal of described representative sender power level; And
A receiver, its reception comprises the transmission signal from the level data of the sender of other transceivers, and comprises:
Be used to survey the measurement mechanism of being received from the signal strength signal intensity of other senders;
Be used for comparison means that measured signal strength signal intensity and the level data of receiving are compared; And
Be used for according to above-mentioned comparison, be controlled in the transceiver device with the output power levels of the corresponding sender of this receiver.
6. cellular communication system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the various processing unit that a satellite node comprises have: the processing unit of received signal in one first predetermined a plurality of wave beams, the signal of being received is carried out multiplexing processing unit, and the processing unit that on one second predetermined in advance a plurality of wave beams, sends this multiplexed signals.
7. cellular communication system according to claim 1, the multi-beam antenna that it is characterized in that space nodes provides the wave beam of narrow beam width.
8. cellular communication system according to claim 7, the width that it is characterized in that at least one wave beam in each wave beam of antenna is less than 1 degree.
9. cellular communication system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that predetermined frequency range is divided into a plurality of frequency sub-band again, carry out at first frequency sub-band with communicating by letter of each space nodes, and carry out at second frequency sub-band with communicating by letter of each ground node.
10. cellular network communication system comprises:
At least one has the space nodes of a multi-beam antenna, it is positioned at the place that will set up the first networking hole, each space nodes comprises and is used to send and receives different predetermined array code division multiple access apparatus for encoding, be used for the device of the waveform of spread spectrum digital modulation, and the device that the waveform of the forward error correction coding frequency range shared with being arranged in predetermined each node is combined;
At least one ground node, it is positioned at the place in the second networking hole that will set up, and each ground node comprises and is used for sending and receiving predetermined array code division multiple access apparatus for encoding, is used for the device of frequency spreading wave on described predetermined frequency range; It is characterized in that comprising in a step:
A plurality of subscriber units in described mesh, each unit comprises and being used for and each satellite node and each ground node communicating devices, thereby and be used in operation in response to array code division multiple access coding waveforms predetermined one group with described node at least one set up the device of selective communication;
A grid control centre, it is connected in each space nodes and each ground node in operation, so that distribute selectively between described space nodes and ground node and the communicating by letter of described each subscriber unit.
11. cellular communication system according to claim 10 is characterized in that described antenna comprises a reflector, it has multiple unit feed parts that are placed in the reflector focal point district.
12., it is characterized in that also comprising the position that is used for by providing timing signal to determine a selected user unit, measure subscriber unit to the response time of each timing signal and the positioner of determining location of subscriber unit according to this measurement from one or more nodes to subscriber unit according to claim 10 or 11 described cellular communication systems.
13. cellular communication system according to claim 12 is characterized in that positioner is used for also determining which mesh the selected user unit is positioned at, and is used to indicate the position of this mesh.
14., it is characterized in that subscriber unit comprises that is equipped with a handheld portable transceiver in fact non-directional antenna and each node communication according to claim 10 or 11 described cellular communication systems.
15., it is characterized in that according to claim 10 or 11 described communication systems:
Each comprises a transceiver that is used for mutual communication subscriber unit and node, and each transceiver comprises:
A sender, it exports the signal that is sent out under the controlled power level, and comprises level data in the signal of described representative sender power level; And
A receiver, its reception comprises the transmission signal from the level data of the sender of other transceivers, and comprises:
Be used to survey the measurement mechanism of being received from the signal strength signal intensity of other senders;
Be used for comparison means that measured signal strength signal intensity and the level data of receiving are compared; And
Be used for according to above-mentioned comparison, be controlled in the transceiver device with the output power levels of the corresponding sender of this receiver.
16. according to claim 10 or 11 described cellular communication systems, it is characterized in that the various processing unit that a satellite node comprises have: the processing unit of received signal in one first predetermined a plurality of wave beams, the signal of being received is carried out multiplexing processing unit, and the processing unit that on one second predetermined in advance a plurality of wave beams, sends this multiplexed signals.
17. according to claim 10 or 11 described cellular communication systems, the multi-beam antenna that it is characterized in that space nodes provides the wave beam of narrow beam width.
18. cellular communication system according to claim 17, the width that it is characterized in that at least one wave beam in each wave beam of antenna is less than 1 degree.
19. according to claim 10 or 11 described cellular communication systems, it is characterized in that grid control centre control system makes the space nodes of subscriber unit and the mesh at its place or communicates by letter with the ground node of the mesh at its place, this communication is according to considering the signal quality from subscriber unit received on each node selectively, subscriber unit wishes the other side's of communicating by letter with it position, and a kind of predetermined allocation of communication resources is carried out.
20. according to claim 10 or 11 described cellular communication systems, it is characterized in that predetermined frequency range is divided into a plurality of frequency sub-band again, carry out at first frequency sub-band with communicating by letter of each space nodes, and carry out at second frequency sub-band with communicating by letter of each ground node.
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| CN91110698A CN1038174C (en) | 1991-11-12 | 1991-11-12 | Integrated cellular communications system |
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| CN91110698A CN1038174C (en) | 1991-11-12 | 1991-11-12 | Integrated cellular communications system |
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| CN 97102867 Division CN1246756A (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1997-03-03 | Integrated honeycomb communication network system |
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| CN1038174C true CN1038174C (en) | 1998-04-22 |
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| FR2854737A1 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-11-12 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Earth communications geostationary satellite multiple beam antenna having focal point radiation pattern and photonic band gap material outer surface with periodicity default providing narrow pass band |
| US8918099B2 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2014-12-23 | Rockwell Collins, Inc. | Air-to-ground wireless deconfliction from ground-to-ground cellular communication |
| CN105871448B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2018-05-11 | 中科凯普（北京）导航通信技术有限公司 | A kind of high ferro broadband private network high dynamic conversion method |
| CN110572199B (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2021-12-14 | 北京中科星通技术有限公司 | Satellite communication networking system and working method thereof |
| CN110221318A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-09-10 | 上海微小卫星工程中心 | A kind of satellite antenna and satellite navigation signal enhancement method |
| US11621768B2 (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2023-04-04 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication systems, apparatuses, and methods |
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| US4979170A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1990-12-18 | Qualcomm, Inc. | Alternating sequential half duplex communication system |
| US5056109A (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1991-10-08 | Qualcomm, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling transmission power in a cdma cellular mobile telephone system |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4979170A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1990-12-18 | Qualcomm, Inc. | Alternating sequential half duplex communication system |
| US5056109A (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1991-10-08 | Qualcomm, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling transmission power in a cdma cellular mobile telephone system |
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