CN103815004A - High-power electron beam irradiation storage preservation technology for blueberries - Google Patents
High-power electron beam irradiation storage preservation technology for blueberries Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power electron beam irradiation storage preservation technology for blueberries. The technology comprises the following steps: 1) performing high-power electron beam irradiation: picking blueberries, screening, packaging, dishing, and performing high-power electron beam irradiation on a tray with the blueberries, wherein the electron beam irradiation dose is 1 to 1.5 kGy; 2) precooling: feeding the tray with the blueberries after irradiation into a refrigeration storage and precooling for more than 10 hours until the core temperature of the blueberries is reduced to 0 DEG C; 3) refrigerating: placing the precooled fruit tray into a refrigeration storage under the conditions that the temperature is 0.5DEG C to 1.5 DEG C and the relative humidity is 85% to 90%, and performing refrigeration and preservation. By the technology, the blueberries are subjected to storage and preservation through electron beam irradiation and refrigeration, so the effective storage period of the blueberries is prolonged, the intact fruit rate is increased and the water loss rate is effectively controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruits and vegetable stock and preserving freshness, be specifically related to a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique.
Background technology
Blueberry has another name called cowberry, is Ericaceae (Ericaceae) Vaccinium (Vaccinium.spp) small berry fruit.In blueberries, contain multiple physiologically active ingredient such as abundant anthocyanin, flavone compound etc., there is higher antioxidation activity and health care.The cultivation history of blueberry is not enough century-old, and blueberry base was just had later in China from 2000, and planting scale is less, the biochemical variation of blueberry post-harvest physiology and preservation technique is rarely had to report both at home and abroad.Ripe blueberry flesh firmness is little, and storage performance is poor, along with increasing sharply of cultivated area and output, the research of blueberry post-harvest physiology and storage technique is seemed and is become more and more important.
Current blueberry preserved technology has hyperoxia processing, high-voltage electrostatic field processing, biodegradable packaging material to process and high CO
2air conditioned storage etc., but operability is not strong, develop safe, nontoxic, preservation method is the research emphasis in blueberry preserved field from now on easily.
Perkins-Veazie P etc. for research short wave ultraviolet-C irradiation can significantly reduce the rotting rate of blueberry, kept preferably the content of fruit antioxidant content.Irradiation is fresh-keeping is high-power electron beam (EB) irradiation agricultural product and the food that the gamma-rays that produces by radiation source and accelerator produce, the radiation chemistry and the radiation biological effect that utilize ionising radiation to produce in food, reach sprout inhibition, postpone the novel foodstuff preservation and freshness process technology of the objects such as ripe, Pesticidal and sterilizing and improvement quality.
Abroad there are some researches show, electron beam irradiation is applied to the fruit freshness preserving such as grape, strawberry, can reduce postharvest fruit and vegetable respiratory intensity, postpones maturation and old and feeble, Shelf-life.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique, find, in conjunction with refrigeration, blueberry is carried out to preservation and freshness processing by electron beam irradiation, improve effective storage period of blueberry, promote good fruit rate, effectively control percentage of water loss.
For achieving the above object, the present invention mainly adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique, comprises the steps:
0) high-energy electron beam irradiation: pluck blueberry, screening, packing, sabot, carry out high-energy electron beam irradiation processing to the pallet that blueberry is housed at normal temperatures, and electron beam irradiation dosage is 1-1.5kGy;
0) precooling: the pallet that blueberry is housed after irradiation is delivered to freezer and carry out precooling treatment, precooling is more than 10 hours, is down to 0 ℃ to blueberry core temperature;
0) refrigeration: it is 0.5-1.5 ℃ that the fruit tray after precooling is put into temperature, cold storing and fresh-keeping in the freezer that relative humidity is 85-90%.
Further, before harvesting, to freezer trial run, freezer parameter and performance are debugged, trial run 1-2 days, running temperature is-1～1 ℃.
And, select that in the same size, maturity is consistent, color and luster homogeneous, preserve without the fruit of disease and pest, mechanical damage, should before at 10 in morning every day, pluck complete.
Separately, described packing, disc filling method are: the blueberry of plucking after screening is put in the vinyon pallet in specification as 20cm × 10cm × 3cm take layer 2-3 sequence, and be that the PE preservative film that 0.02mm is thick packs with thickness.
Again, adopt electron linear accelerator to carry out irradiation to the pallet that blueberry is housed.The rated energy of described electron linear accelerator is 9.5-10.5MeV, and power is 9.5-10.5kW.
Again, before fruit case warehouse-in, with storehouse fumigating disinfectant, to refrigerating room disinfecting processing, the consumption of described storehouse fumigating disinfectant is 4.5-5.5g/m
3.Described storehouse fumigating disinfectant is bought in national agricultural products fresh-keeping engineering center development, and Tianjin is green reaches the green board CT-storehouse sterilization fumigant that reaches that fresh-keeping engineering Co., Ltd produces.
Further, described blueberry kind is his blueberry of Ai Liaote blueberry, Elizabethan's blueberry, the late blue certain kind of berries or Bridges.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Traditional cobalt-60 radiosterilize of comparing, high-power electron beam has can realize the advantage such as online production and "dead" useless source generation, beam energy can regulate by accelerating potential simultaneously, system manipulation is more convenient, and line amount is smooth, product absorbed dose of radiation is evenly a kind of safe, easy, quick, effective blueberry storage technique.Electron beam irradiation and refrigeration combination are processed, effective blueberry storage period can be extended to 60d by original 30d, good fruit rate can reach more than 90%, and percentage of water loss is controlled in 10%.
The specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described, but embodiment does not limit the scope of the invention.
The concrete implementation step of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique provided by the present invention is as follows:
A. refrigerating room disinfecting and performance test:
Cleaning ground, selects four points in freezer, place storehouse fumigating disinfectant.Take out storehouse fumigating disinfectant, according to every 5g/m
3specification claim the weight of fumigating disinfectant to prepare the soft even rear ground that is evenly laid on, light afterwards disinfectant, after it emerges dense smoke, close rapidly cold-storage door, sootiness 6 hours, makes freezer sufficiently sterilised.Sootiness is opened cold-storage door and is ventilated half an hour after 6 hours, smell pungent in freezer is left, and closes afterwards cold-storage door again, avoids it to contact with outside air, causes secondary pollution.Check storehouse rate of temperature fall and heat-insulating property, by mercury thermometer calibration temperature.To carry out air tightness test to gentle film gas account or the air chamber of mediating reason of ozone treatment.
B. freezer trial run:
Before picking fruit, freezer parameter and performance are adjusted, and tried out 1-2d, running temperature-1～1 ℃.Wherein, debugging basic principle is as follows: according to the regulation in modern freezer equipment installation and debugging, operation detection, fault diagnosis, maintenance and standard criterion pandect.Freezer is generally divided into high temperature and low-temperature cold store.The refrigeration design temperature of High Temperature Refrigeratory is more than-2 ℃; The refrigeration design temperature of low-temperature cold store is below-15 ℃.According to the classification of freezer and performance, temperature of ice house value is set minimum, see in a period of time, whether air themperature can be down to setting value.
C. gather, grade scale:
Harvesting personnel answer hand strap rubber gloves, prevent that fruit surface fruit pruinescence skin from erasing.Should before at 10 in morning every day, pluck completely, the fruit picking is put into surrounding and is lined with the bamboo basket of cotton pad, is transported to packing chamber and carries out sizing screening.Screen size (about the about 1g/ of single fruit weight), maturity consistent (fruit face skipper), color and luster homogeneous, preserve without the fruit of disease and pest, mechanical damage.
D. packing, sabot:
In the vinyon pallet that it is 20cm × 10cm × 3cm that the random layer 2-3 sequence of fruit after harvesting classification is put in specification (approximately 200 fruits), and be that the PE preservative film that 0.02mm is thick packs with thickness, afterwards pallet put into frame of plastic and be spread in a single layer.
E. high-energy electron beam irradiation processing:
Irradiation devices are ESS-010-03 electron linear accelerator (Shanghai Shu Neng irradiation technique Co., Ltd, hereinafter to be referred as electron accelerator), and rated energy is 10MeV, power 10kW; Radiation treatment field is by German TUVps, ISO9001 (2000), ISO11137/EN552 and ISO13485 authentication.Electron beam irradiation dosage 1KGy is set, is placed in conveyer belt and sends in field being placed on blueberry in pallet, and carry out radiation treatment at normal temperatures.
F. precooling:
The plastic crate of built-in foam pallet is positioned on freezer rack, is down to 0 ℃ is advisable with core temperature, core is down to 0 ℃, and basic low temperature precooling needs > 10h.
G. refrigeration:
After precooling finishes, put into the medium-term and long-term refrigeration of freezer that temperature is 85-90% for (1 ± 0.5) ℃, relative humidity.After high-energy electron beam irradiation, its safely the refrigeration phase be 60d, good fruit rate can reach more than 90%, percentage of water loss is controlled in 10%.During Cold Storage, should survey sample every 10d, and draw samples must be representative, should carry out random test at the different parts of whole parcel according to packing date.Get the 1%-3% of fruit amount for total fruit amount, if pinpointed the problems, can increase as one sees fit sampling proportion in check.
H. shelf life:
After storage eat fruit shelf life raw during, its outward appearance, nutritional quality should meet the regulation of agriculture standard (NY5112) to fruit.
Embodiment
1. materials and methods
1.1 test material
Take Ai Liaote blueberry as material, (the present invention is take Ai Liaote blueberry as examination material, other blueberry kinds as his blueberry of Elizabethan's blueberry, the late blue certain kind of berries or Bridges all with Ai Liaote blueberry characteristic close, therefore no longer increase embodiment), select (about the about 1g/ of single fruit weight) in the same size, maturity consistent (fruit face skipper), color and luster homogeneous, be examination material without the fruit of disease and pest, mechanical damage, after harvesting, be transported to immediately freezer precooling, until core temperature is reduced to 0 ℃.
1.2 test method
1.2.1 irradiation parameters
Irradiation devices are ESS-010-03 electron linear accelerator (Shanghai Shu Neng irradiation technique Co., Ltd), and rated energy is 10MeV, power 10kW; Irradiation dose is 0.5,1, the close rate of 1.5kGy is respectively 2.53,5.01,7.51kGys
-1, irradiation dose is that the close rate of 2kGy, 3kGy is 8.44kGys
-1; Radiation treatment field is by German TUVps, ISO9001 (2000), ISO11137/EN552 and ISO13485 authentication.
1.2.2 processing method
In the vinyon holder box that it is 20cm × 10cm × 3cm that the random layer 2-3 sequence of fruit after precooling is put in specification (approximately 200 fruits), and be that the PE preservative film that 0.02mm is thick packs with thickness.High-energy Electron Linac dosage 0.5,1,1.5,2,3kGy are set, the blueberry being spread in a single layer are placed in to conveyer belt and send into irradiation field, be treated to contrast with irradiation not.Practical measurement dosage be respectively 0.48,10.1,1.52,1.99 and 3.01kGy(literary composition in analyze respectively with 0.5,1,1.5,2,3kGy represents.) after irradiation, different disposal blueberry is stored in to temperature for refrigerating in (1 ± 0.5) ℃, the relative humidity freezer that is 80%～85%.During Cold Storage, gets 30～100 fruits at every turn and carries out index determining, measures once every 10d.
1.3 investigation and analysis methods
1.3.1 weight-loss ratio is measured
Weight-loss ratio (%)=(fruit after weigh-storage of fruit before treatment is heavy)/fruit before treatment heavy × 100%.
1.3.2 good fruit rate is measured
Good fruit rate (%)=good fruit number/total fruit number × 100%
1.3.3 effectively storage period is added up
Effectively storage period statistical method: add up according to rotting rate height, the storage number of days of rotting rate below 10% is effective storage period.100 fruits of each processing random statistical.
1.3.4 the mensuration of respiratory intensity
Under 25 ℃ of conditions of room temperature, direct access box blueberry, after accurately weighing, is placed in and is connected to infrared CO
2in the 40L closed container of analyzer gas circuit, by TES-1370 on-dispersive formula CO
2gas test instrumentation is determined CO in certain hour section
2change amount (the mg CO of concentration
2kg
-1h
-1).
1.3.5 the mensuration of soluble solid content (measuring with hand refractometer)
30 fruits of grab sample, extrude fruit juice after peeling, dip in a small amount of juice with glass bar, use ATAGO N-1 α hand refractometer to measure soluble solid content, and replication 3 times, averages.
1.3.6 the mensuration of pericarp aberration
Pericarp color and luster: get immediately 30 blueberries grains, clean rear employing CR-400C(D65 light source) the symmetrical both sides of the full-automatic colour difference meter mensuration blueberry of type pericarp aberration, repeats 3 times.
A* value (the poor index of red green in colourity, on the occasion of representing red degree, on the occasion of larger, redness is darker; Negative value represents green intensity, and negative value is less, and green is darker), b* value (champac aberration index in colourity, on the occasion of representing yellow degree, on the occasion of larger, yellow is darker; Negative value represents blue degree, and negative value is less, and blueness is darker), tinctorial strength C
2=a
2+ b
2, L* value (gloss lightness, L value is larger, brightness is higher).
1.3.7 the mensuration of anthocyanin content
Assay method: get pericarp 2.5g, with 1% hydrochloric acid-absolute ethyl alcohol (v/v, pH3) 25mL grinding, lixiviate 1h takes off to redfree to pericarp under 60 ℃ of water bath condition, filtration.Get 1mL filtrate, use respectively 0.4molL
-1kCl-HCl pH of buffer 1.0 and 0.4molL
-1citric acid/sodium hydrogen phosphate pH of buffer 5.0, is diluted to 5mL, after mixing, compares with distilled water, measures A
510.
1.3.8 the method that fruit titratable acid, vitamin C, mda content propose in " plant physiology and biochemistry experimental principle and technology " (Higher Education Publishing House, 2001,164-248) with reference to Li Hesheng etc. is optimized.
Wherein, method and the condition of relevant reference examples are: in the vinyon holder box that it is 20cm × 10cm × 3cm that the random layer 2-3 sequence of fruit after precooling is put in specification (approximately 200 fruits), and be that the PE preservative film that 0.02mm is thick packs with thickness.Without electron beam irradiation, directly putting into temperature is temperature 0.5-1.5 ℃, cold storing and fresh-keeping in the freezer that relative humidity is 85-90%.Whole During Cold Storage, every 10d, measures its weight-loss ratio, good fruit rate, respiratory intensity, soluble solid content, a* value, b* value, L* value and anthocyanin content, and contrasts with the present invention.
2 results and analysis
2.1 electron beam irradiations are on weight-loss ratio, good fruit rate and the effectively impact of storage period
Ai Liaote blueberry duration of storage weight-loss ratio become reconciled fruit rate variation as shown in table 1, various dose electron beam irradiation has all accelerated the dehydration of fruit to a certain extent, refrigeration is to 60d, 0.5～1.5kGy minimal irritation the breathing of fruit, but not significantly (P >=0.05) of weight-loss ratio and contrast difference; 2～3KGy electron beam irradiation is processed fruit weight-loss ratio (21～25%) and is significantly higher than (P < 0.05) contrast and low dosage processing.
The impact of table 1. electron beam irradiation on good fruit rate and weight-loss ratio
Electron beam irradiation to Fruit after duration of storage disease have certain inhibitory action.As shown in Table 1, the electron irradiation of various dose is processed and has been suppressed in various degree rotting of fruit, and refrigeration is to 60d, and irradiation dose is that the good fruit rate that 1kGy and 1.5kGy process still reaches more than 90%; 2～3kGy handles fruit rate well lower than 90%.
As can be seen from Table 1, effective storage period that contrast and irradiation dose are 0.5kGy is 30d; Dosage is that effective storage period of the processing of 2～3kGy is 40～50d; Electron beam irradiation dosage is that effective storage period of the processing of 1～1.5kGy is 60d, can make effective storage period of blueberry extend 30d than contrast.
The impact of 2.2 electron beams on blueberry exterior quality
2.2.1 the impact of electron beam irradiation on pericarp L* value
L* value represents the brightness of pericarp, has reacted from the side the aging of pulp and the palliating degradation degree of anthocyanin.The variation of each processing During Cold Storage pericarp L* value is as shown in table 2, and it is all on a declining curve that During Cold Storage is respectively processed pericarp L* value, illustrates that vividness reduces; After refrigeration 10d, the processing that irradiation dose is 3kGy, significantly lower than (P < 0.05), other process pericarp L* value, and visible, high dosage irradiation is processed the vividness that has significantly reduced fruit surface, causes fruit senescence to accelerate; Irradiation dose is the processing of 2kGy, and after refrigeration 30d, pericarp L* value is significantly that 0.5～1.5kGy processes and contrast fruit lower than (P < 0.05) dosage; Irradiation dose is that between 0.5～1.5kGy processes and contrasts, pericarp L* value changes without conspicuousness (P >=0.05) difference, illustrates that optimal dose radiation treatment can keep the original color and luster of fruit preferably.
Wherein, the condition of reference examples and method are as follows:
The impact of table 2. electron beam on pericarp L* value
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| 0 | 35.554 | 35.554 | 35.554 | 35.554 | 35.554 | 35.554 |
| 10 | 35.2105 | 35.0115 | 35.603 | 34.975 | 35.0335 | 34.6675 |
| 20 | 34.6905 | 34.3995 | 34.153 | 34.8545 | 34.277 | 33.298 |
| 30 | 34.5275 | 34.0925 | 33.7155 | 34.4955 | 33.616 | 31.293 |
| 40 | 34.1975 | 33.7935 | 33.2985 | 34.67 | 32.474 | 30.8945 |
| 50 | 33.6575 | 33.6345 | 32.9355 | 33.086 | 31.3285 | 29.9785 |
| 60 | 32.437 | 32.8365 | 32.8865 | 32.9235 | 30.562 | 27.594 |
2.2.2 the impact of electron beam irradiation on pericarp a* value
A* value is the poor index of red green in colourity, and on the occasion of larger, redness is darker.As shown in Table 3, whole During Cold Storage, each pericarp a* value of processing all becomes ascendant trend, 50d before refrigeration, contrast and irradiation dose are that the pericarp a* value that 0.5～1.5kGy processes changes not significantly (P >=0.05), respectively process pericarp a* value and are only upgraded to respectively-0.335 ,-0.27 ,-0.298 ,-0.282 by initial-0.394; Refrigeration is to 60d, and irradiation dose is that the pericarp a* value that 2kGy, 3kGy process is respectively 0.233 and 0.279, and significantly (P < 0.05) is higher than other processing; Contrast and irradiation dose are not significantly (P >=0.05) of difference between the pericarp a* value processed of 0.5～1.5kGy, illustrate that high dose (2kGy, 3kGy) electron beam irradiation causes the bright-coloured degree decline of fruit, have accelerated the aging of fruit, consistent with pericarp L* analysis result.
The impact of table 3. electron beam on pericarp a* value
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| 0 | -0.3935 | -0.3935 | -0.3935 | -0.3935 | -0.3935 | -0.3935 |
| 10 | -0.3685 | -0.414 | -0.3915 | -0.352 | -0.191 | -0.14 |
| 20 | -0.4045 | -0.356 | -0.3745 | -0.314 | -0.135 | -0.029 |
| 30 | -0.371 | -0.3225 | -0.359 | -0.321 | 0.0335 | 0.0865 |
| 40 | -0.348 | -0.2895 | -0.323 | -0.299 | 0.0545 | 0.0785 |
| 50 | -0.3345 | -0.27 | -0.2985 | -0.2825 | 0.0715 | 0.1085 |
| 60 | -0.065 | -0.077 | -0.1405 | -0.074 | 0.2325 | 0.2785 |
2.2.3 the impact of electron beam irradiation on pericarp b* value
B* value is champac aberration index in colourity, and on the occasion of larger, yellow is darker; Negative value is less, and blueness is darker.As shown in Table 4, whole During Cold Storage, each pericarp b* value of processing changes not remarkable, refrigeration is to 60d, reference examples and each irradiation dose pericarp b* value rise to-3.2 to-2.8 by initial-4.14 respectively, illustrate that Ai Liaote blueberry fruit colour after treatment obviously changes yellow into by blueness, not remarkable (P >=0.05) of difference between each processing.In conjunction with pericarp a*, b* Value Data, illustrate that high dose (2～3kGy) electron beam causes fruit colour to be significantly higher than the speed by blue flavescence by the speed of green flavescence, in addition the aging on pericarp surface, causes fruit face dimmed, and the conclusion on a declining curve with pericarp aberration L* is consistent.
The impact of table 4. electron beam on pericarp aberration b* value
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| 0 | -4.145 | -4.145 | -4.145 | -4.145 | -4.145 | -4.145 |
| 10 | -4.1335 | -3.925 | -4.1235 | -4.041 | -3.934 | -3.956 |
| 20 | -4.0465 | -3.6495 | -3.9565 | -3.884 | -3.565 | -3.818 |
| 30 | -3.9975 | -3.449 | -3.708 | -3.6265 | -3.584 | -3.581 |
| 40 | -3.881 | -3.306 | -3.445 | -3.536 | -3.2225 | -3.128 |
| 50 | -3.7255 | -3.2995 | -3.3795 | -3.5045 | -3.0375 | -3.0125 |
| 60 | -3.2145 | -2.709 | -3.0505 | -3.1215 | -2.867 | -2.667 |
2.2.4 the impact of electron beam irradiation on pericarp anthocyanin content
As shown in Table 5, whole During Cold Storage, respectively processes pericarp anthocyanin content and all becomes downward trend, and treatment dosage is larger, and fall off rate is faster.Refrigeration is to 60d, and contrast and each irradiation dose pericarp anthocyanin content are by initial 0.666mg.g
-1reduce to respectively 0.583mg.g
-1, 0.557mg.g
-1, 0.559 mg.g
-1, 0.493mg.g
-1, 0.449mg.g
-1, high dose (2kGy, 3kGy) electron beam irradiation is processed pericarp anthocyanin content significantly lower than the processing of contrast and 0.5～1.5kGy.Illustrate that treatment dosage is that the processing of 0.5～1kGy does not cause blueberry pericarp obviously to fade, and has kept the original color and luster of fruit preferably.
Table 5. electron beam is to pericarp anthocyanin content (mg.g
-1) impact
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| The storage initial stage | 0.666 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 0.666 | 0.666 |
| Storage 20d | 0.591 | 0.604 | 0.601 | 0.557 | 0.551 | 0.517 |
| Storage 40d | 0.575 | 0.589 | 0.589 | 0.528 | 0.453 | 0.455 |
| Storage 60d | 0.538 | 0.557 | 0.559 | 0.493 | 0.449 | 0.381 |
The impact of 2.3 electron beams on Blueberry interior quality
2.3.1 the impact of electron beam irradiation on soluble solid content
Soluble solid is the water-soluble sugar of energy, acid, vitamin, mineral matter etc., and the height of its content is the important quantity measurement index of fruit nutritive value.As shown in Table 6, storage is to 20d, and soluble solid (TSS) content that 3kGy processes significantly (P < 0.05) is processed lower than other, there was no significant difference (P >=0.05) between other processing; Along with the prolongation of storage time, between each processing, difference expands, and the TSS content that wherein contrast and 0.5～1.5kGy process is significantly higher than that (P < 0.05) dosage is 2,3kGy processes, 1,1.5kGy process and contrast between there was no significant difference.
The impact of table 6. electron beam irradiation on soluble solid content (%)
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| 0 | 11.82 | 11.82 | 11.82 | 11.82 | 11.82 | 11.82 |
| 10 | 12.31 | 12.20 | 12.53 | 11.99 | 11.80 | 11.67 |
| 20 | 12.25 | 12.17 | 12.40 | 11.93 | 12.15 | 11.55 |
| 30 | 12.05 | 12.69 | 11.95 | 11.75 | 11.63 | 11.44 |
| 40 | 11.97 | 12.84 | 11.73 | 11.64 | 10.91 | 11.19 |
| 50 | 11.91 | 12.41 | 11.64 | 11.67 | 10.89 | 10.83 |
| 60 | 11.82 | 12.04 | 11.52 | 11.23 | 10.37 | 10.59 |
2.3.2 the impact of electron beam irradiation on titratable acid content
Acid is the basis that all life activity is able to normal operation, is one of key factor affecting taste of fruit.As shown in Table 7, it is on a declining curve that duration of storage is respectively processed fruit titratable acid content.After refrigeration 10d, the titratable acid content that contrast and 0.5～1kGy process is significantly higher than 1.5～3kGy and processes (P < 0.05), and between contrast and 0.5～1kGy process, titratable acid content difference is not remarkable.Refrigeration is to 60d, contrast and respectively process fruit titratable acid content and reduced respectively 29.5%, 30.16%, 39.86%, 60%, 70.9% and 61.2%, irradiation dose is the acid metabolic that fruit has been accelerated in the processing of 1.5～3kGy, cause the serious unbalance of fruit sugar-acid ratio, reduced original local flavor of fruit.
The impact of table 7. electron beam on pericarp titratable acid content (%)
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| 0 | 1.93299 | 1.93299 | 1.93299 | 1.93299 | 1.93299 | 1.93299 |
| 10 | 1.625 | 1.9875 | 2.0625 | 1.575 | 1.475 | 1.275 |
| 20 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.5375 | 1.0125 | 1.375 | 1.2125 |
| 30 | 1.5625 | 1.5375 | 1.375 | 0.85 | 1 | 1.0625 |
| 40 | 1.525 | 1.5375 | 1.4375 | 0.9125 | 0.9125 | 0.875 |
| 50 | 1.4875 | 1.4125 | 1.2125 | 0.875 | 0.8125 | 0.85 |
| 60 | 1.3625 | 1.35 | 1.1625 | 0.775 | 0.5625 | 0.75 |
2.3.3 the impact of electron beam irradiation on VC
As shown in Table 8, respectively process fruit VC content all on a declining curve, after refrigeration 20d, irradiation dose is 2, the processing fruit VC content of 3kGy is significantly lower than other processing; Refrigeration is to 30d, and contrast and irradiation dose are that 0.5～1.5kGy processes that VC content can reach respectively 1.89,2.00,2.11,2.15mg100g
-1, visible, the irradiation dose of 0.5～1.5kGy can delay consumption and the degraded of VC, and the local flavor that keeps blueberry duration of storage is had to positive effect.
The impact of table 8. electron beam on fruit VC content (mg/100g)
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| 0 | 3.424633 | 3.424633 | 3.424633 | 3.424633 | 3.424633 | 3.424633 |
| 10 | 3.375835 | 3.248445 | 3.216919 | 3.069639 | 2.993665 | 2.866275 |
| 20 | 2.999664 | 3.023904 | 3.139894 | 2.866275 | 2.749885 | 2.42041 |
| 30 | 2.648575 | 2.5478 | 2.80258 | 2.67519 | 2.16997 | 2.335051 |
| 40 | 2.325094 | 2.411411 | 2.445512 | 2.325094 | 2.044457 | 1.959126 |
| 50 | 2.162223 | 2.354299 | 2.458935 | 2.311171 | 1.827488 | 1.757877 |
| 60 | 1.89474 | 2.008035 | 2.105267 | 2.157898 | 1.740326 | 1.684213 |
The impact of 2.4 electron beam irradiations on blueberry physiological metabolism
2.4.1 the impact of electron beam on respiratory intensity
Respiration is the metabolic basis of postharvest fruit and vegetable, breathes vigorous meeting and accelerates the consumption of fruits nutrition material, causes nutritional quality to decline rapidly.As shown in table 9, the respiratory intensity of fruit that contrast and 0.5～1.5kGy process all slightly declines, and in rising trend afterwards, the processing respiratory intensity that dosage is 2～3kGy is sharply ascendant trend.Refrigeration is to 60d, and irradiation dose is 2, the processing respiratory intensity of fruit of 3kGy is respectively by initial 7.01mg CO
2kg
-1h
-1rise to 42.72mg CO
2kg
-1h
-1with 46.74mg CO
2kg
-1h
-1, be significantly higher than the processing that (P < 0.05) processes and irradiation dose is 0.5～1.5kGy, and respiratory intensity there was no significant difference (P>=0.05) between contrast and 0.5～1.5kGy processing.
Table 9. electron beam is to respiratory intensity of fruit (mg CO
2kg
-1h
-1) impact
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| 0 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 7.01 |
0109]
| 10 | 4.59 | 5.58 | 6.43 | 5.64 | 9.79 | 12.38 |
| 20 | 5.59 | 6.49 | 9.85 | 14.41 | 20.01 | 26.26 |
| 30 | 8.81 | 8.84 | 9.95 | 15.57 | 22.84 | 29.52 |
| 40 | 11.91 | 14.36 | 17.35 | 16.73 | 23.69 | 37.17 |
| 50 | 16.16 | 14.89 | 18.64 | 24.18 | 33.45 | 41.27 |
| 60 | 24.94 | 17.82 | 23.07 | 27.79 | 42.72 | 46.74 |
2.4.2 the impact of electron beam on mda content
MDA (MDA) is membranous snperoxiaized toxic metabolite product, as shown in table 10, each processing MDA content is all in rising trend, 20d before refrigeration, each MDA content there was no significant difference of processing, along with the prolongation of storage time, the processing fruit MDA content that irradiation dose is 3kGy is significantly higher than other processing, illustrate that dosage is that the processing of 3kGy causes serious injury to fruit, and damage character does not show immediately; Refrigeration is to 60d, and the processing fruit MDA content that irradiation dose is 3kGy is by 0.529 initial μ molkg
-1rise to 7.05 μ molkg
-1, be significantly higher than contrast and other irradiation dose processing; The MDA content that 1～1.5kGy processes is significantly processed lower than other, and the MDA content while refrigerating to 60d is only 4～4.5 μ molkg
-1.
The impact of table 10 electron beam on fruit mda content (μ mol/kg)
| Storage number of days | Reference examples | 0.5kGy | 1kGy | 1.5kGy | 2kGy | 3kGy |
| 0 | 0.529429 | 0.529429 | 0.529429 | 0.529429 | 0.529429 | 0.529429 |
| 10 | 0.921501 | 0.848181 | 0.87814 | 0.977383 | 1.422573 | 1.399363 |
| 20 | 1.44137 | 1.679241 | 1.611408 | 1.714061 | 1.897865 | 1.994547 |
| 30 | 2.999613 | 2.174685 | 2.297247 | 3.224387 | 2.868568 | 4.442702 |
| 40 | 3.206707 | 3.082918 | 2.644605 | 3.644032 | 3.904745 | 5.442627 |
| 50 | 3.877128 | 4.489061 | 3.759612 | 4.104244 | 4.883851 | 5.647253 |
| 60 | 4.695857 | 5.350133 | 3.94504 | 4.493667 | 5.568441 | 7.053891 |
3. conclusion
Electron beam is fresh-keeping has Pesticidal and sterilizing, suppress the effects such as physiology course, Shelf-life.Various dose electron beam irradiation has all accelerated the dehydration of fruit to a certain extent, reduce the rotting rate of fruit, may damage fruit texture with higher dosage electron beam irradiation, stimulate the respiratory intensity of blueberry duration of storage, increase the weight of the loss to fruit moisture and internal substance thereof, accelerate the breathing of fruit, cause fruit dehydration, softening acceleration to rot relevant.This research is found, the high-energy electron beam irradiation of optimal dose (irradiation dose is 1～1.5kGy) can significantly suppress Blueberry dehydration and rotten generation, refrigeration is to 60d, good fruit rate still can reach more than 90%, percentage of water loss is 10%～14%, effective Ai Liaote blueberry storage period can be extended to 60d by original 30d.
Various dose electron beam irradiation is processed the impact of fruit quality and physiological change is existed to significant difference.Respiratory sharply increasing is that blueberry postharvest senescence, rotten one embody, and is its not one of long keeping key factor.
The present invention shows: the respiratory intensity that is the processing of 2～3kGy dosage is significantly higher than (P < 0.05) contrast and 0.5～1.5kGy processes, and respiratory intensity there was no significant difference between contrast and 0.5～1.5kGy radiation treatment.
As can be seen here, too high because of the dosage of the above radiation treatment of 2kGy, fruit cell structure is caused to damage in various degree, may stimulate respiration of fruits by direct or indirect effect with free radical, cause fruit sharply to rise relevant in storage middle and later periods respiratory intensity.Illustrate that high dose electron beam irradiation has caused certain destruction to Blueberry tissue, fruit carries out wound respiration, causes respiratory intensity of fruit sharply to increase, and has accelerated fruit senescence and quality decline.
The forfeiture of film integrality and function is the essential characteristic at old and feeble initial stage, and the aging of plant tissue and biomembranous degraded are closely related.The sharply increase of primary product-MDA content of film lipid peroxidation has also been proved 2kGy radiation treatment fruit cell structure has been caused to grievous injury.High dose radiation has produced harmful effect to the storage quality of fruits and vegetables, has increased the weight of the browning degree of lettuce and romaine lettuce.
Blueberry color and luster depends mainly on pericarp anthocyanin content.Electron beam irradiation has certain degradation to Anthocyanins of Vitis content.Deepfreeze can suppress the synthesis rate of anthocyanin, keeps higher aldehydes matter and Flavonoid Content, suppresses the ripe and old and feeble of fruit.This research shows, under deepfreeze condition, contrast and low dosage (0～1.5kGy) are processed pericarp anthocyanin content and be slow decreasing trend, this result and Hu Weirong etc.
[20]it is consistent that the lichee of report is adopted rear anthocyanin content research conclusion on a declining curve; High dose (2kGy, 3kGy) electron beam irradiation processing causes pericarp anthocyanin content sharply to decline, and illustrates that high dose electron beam irradiation has certain decolourization to blueberry pericarp.
Blueberries Beijing opera colour content is more, and the brightness of pericarp color and luster is better, and bright-coloured degree is better; Pericarp redness is more, and the brightness of pericarp color and luster declines, and bright-coloured degree declines, and hue angle is also less.Utilize colour difference meter L*, a*, b* value can quantize easy, fast and accurately the variation of purple Chinese cabbage anthocyanidin content and color.In conjunction with aberration L*, a*, b* Value Data, it is considered herein that high dose (2～3kGy) electron beam causes fruit colour to be significantly higher than the speed by blue flavescence by the speed of green flavescence, in addition the aging on pericarp surface, cause fruit face dimmed, vividness declines, and the conclusion on a declining curve with pericarp aberration L* is consistent.Compared with the control, low concentration (0.5～1.5kGy) electron beam treatment affects without conspicuousness pericarp color and luster.
Overall target thinks, the electron beam treatment that irradiation dose is 1-1.5kGy can significantly reduce the rotting rate of duration of storage blueberry, keeps the vividness of better fruit, and has suppressed the reduction of blueberry storage quality.
In sum, while refrigerating to 60d, the electron beam irradiation processing that dosage is 1-1.5kGy, good fruit rate still can reach more than 90%, and percentage of water loss is 10%, and effective storage period of Ai Liaote blueberry can extend to 60d by original 30d; And significantly suppress the respiratory intensity of Blueberry, slow down the consumption of the nutriments such as content of fruit soluble solids, titratable acid, VC, keep preferably the original color and luster of fruit, effectively controlled blueberry and adopted after-ripening and senescence process, reduced rotting of its duration of storage.
The foregoing is only the preferably specific embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; in the technical scope that any those of ordinary skill in the art disclose in the present invention; be equal to replacement or changed according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) high-energy electron beam irradiation: pluck blueberry, screening, packing, sabot, carry out high-energy electron beam irradiation processing to the pallet that blueberry is housed at normal temperatures, and electron beam irradiation dosage is 1-1.5kGy;
2) precooling: the pallet that blueberry is housed after irradiation is delivered to freezer and carry out precooling treatment, precooling is more than 10 hours, is down to 0 ℃ to blueberry core temperature;
3) refrigeration: it is 0.5-1.5 ℃ that the fruit tray after precooling is put into temperature, cold storing and fresh-keeping in the freezer that relative humidity is 85-90%.
2. a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before harvesting, to freezer trial run, freezer parameter and performance are debugged, and trial run 1-2 days, running temperature is-1～1 ℃.
3. a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, select that in the same size, maturity is consistent, color and luster homogeneous, preserve without the fruit of disease and pest, mechanical damage, should before at 10 in morning every day, pluck complete.
4. a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described packing, disc filling method are: the blueberry of plucking after screening is put in the vinyon pallet in specification as 20cm × 10cm × 3cm take layer 2-3 sequence, and be that the PE preservative film that 0.02mm is thick packs with thickness.
5. a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts electron linear accelerator to carry out irradiation to the pallet that blueberry is housed.
6. a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the rated energy of described electron linear accelerator is 9.5-10.5MeV, and power is 9.5-10.5kW.
7. a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before fruit case warehouse-in, with storehouse fumigating disinfectant, to refrigerating room disinfecting processing, the consumption of described storehouse fumigating disinfectant is 4.5-5.5g/m
3.
8. a kind of blueberry high-energy electron beam irradiation storage technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described blueberry kind is his blueberry of Ai Liaote blueberry, Elizabethan's blueberry, the late blue certain kind of berries or Bridges.
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| CN104336163A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-02-11 | 上海市农业科学院 | Fruit and vegetable color protection and preservation method |
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