CN103812281A - Preparing process for built-up magnet for energy-saving permanent magnet alternating current synchronous motor - Google Patents
Preparing process for built-up magnet for energy-saving permanent magnet alternating current synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN103812281A CN103812281A CN201410077394.0A CN201410077394A CN103812281A CN 103812281 A CN103812281 A CN 103812281A CN 201410077394 A CN201410077394 A CN 201410077394A CN 103812281 A CN103812281 A CN 103812281A
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Abstract
Disclosed is a preparing process for a built-up magnet for an energy-saving permanent magnet alternating current synchronous motor. Composite materials which are used as permanent magnet materials of a permanent magnet include (Nd1-xHox) y (Fe1-a-b-cZraNbbSic) zB6.5, wherein x is equal to 0.05-0.08, y is equal to 10.5-11.8, a is equal to 0.12-0.17, b is equal to 0.1-0.12, c is equal to 0.01-0.02, and z is equal to 30.4-35.1. The process includes the following steps that (1) permanent magnet alloy material powder is prepared; (2) blank preparation and orientation are performed; (3) sintering is performed. According to the prepared built-up magnet, neodymium iron boron is used as a substrate, a part of Nd is replaced by Ho, a part of Fe is replaced by Zr, Nb and Si, low costs are maintained, meanwhile, residual magnetism, coercive force and resistance to high temperature of the materials are improved, hydrogen decrepitation and dehydrogenation are used in the preparing process so as to improve anisotropism of the materials, and magnetic energy product of the magnet is improved by a secondary compaction process in the blank preparation process.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation technology of a kind of energy-saving permanent-magnet ac synchronous motor built-up magnet.
Background technology
Along with process of industrialization is accelerated, energy problem has become the focal issue of contemporary society, and the research of energy-saving material has become an importance of investigation of materials.Motor is as one of important foundation part of all kinds of machineries, and its efficiency has significant impact to energy savings and even economic sustainable development.
Permanent-magnetic energy-saving ac synchronous motor motor is the synchronous motor of being set up excitation field by permanent magnet.It is except the good mechanical property and regulating characteristics and the speed-regulating range width that have general electromagnetic motor and possess and be convenient to the features such as control, also has that volume is little, efficiency is high, advantages of simple structure and simple.Rare earth permanent-magnetic material is the core material of permanent-magnetic energy-saving electric machine, and permanent-magnetic energy-saving electric machine requires that this material has high-coercive force, volume is little, power is high, shock resistance, feature that temperature stability is good.
Neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material is the best permanent magnetic material of performance that the eighties, new development was got up, and has been widely used at present motor manufacture.But the price of rare earth, particularly the price of neodymium metal rises steadily, cause the price of neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material also to sharp rise, cause user's use cost obviously to improve, the benign development of whole market has been caused to very large impact, thereby developing low-cost, high performance novel neodymium iron boron magnetic material are the needs of market development.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of the rare-earth permanent magnet that is same as energy-saving electric machine, the permanent magnetic material that uses the method to prepare, has compared with high magnetic characteristics and lower manufacturing cost.
To achieve these goals, the preparation technology of built-up magnet for a kind of energy-saving permanent-magnet ac synchronous motor provided by the invention, this permanent magnet adopt following composite material as permanent magnetic material: (Nd
1-xho
x)
y(Fe
1-a-b-czr
anb
bsi
c)
zb
6.5, wherein x=0.05-0.08, y=10.5-11.8, a=0.12-0.17, b=0.1-0.12, c=0.01-0.02, z=30.4-35.1 the method comprises the steps:
(1) prepare permanent-magnet alloy powder
According to said ratio by feed metal Nd, Ho, Zr, Fe, B, Nb and Si melt under approximately 2/3 atmospheric argon gas atmosphere protection in the induction furnace of 1500-1550 ℃, after fusing at 1450-1500 ℃ of refining 35-40 minute, then the cooling alloy pig that is cast into, then remelting 4-6 time, alloy pig is joined in spun furnace, induction heating remelting in spun furnace under argon shield at the temperature of 1400-1450 ℃, obtain alloy molten solution, this alloy molten solution is solidified to water-cooled copper roller or the molybdenum roller surface moment of High Rotation Speed through the small hole injection of crucible bottom nozzle, cooling rate can reach 10
4-10
6k/s, forms amorphous or crystallite metal alloy strip,
Above-mentioned alloy thin band is placed in to hydrogen broken furnace, and to be evacuated to vacuum degree be below 1Pa, at room temperature passes into hydrogen, keeps pressure in 2-3 × 10
5pa, time, at 3-5h, is cooled to room temperature, then extracts remaining hydrogen out, start the dehydrogenation that heats up, dehydrogenating technology adopts 400-500 ℃ of insulation 4-6h, and dehydrogenation is forced down in the time of 10Pa, and dehydrogenation finishes, stop heating, be cooled to room temperature and control dehydrogenation air pressure, make dehydrogenation after the broken powder hydrogen content of hydrogen between 2000-2500ppm, the broken laggard promoting the circulation of qi stream of hydrogen grinds magnetic;
(2) base and orientation
Be that under 1-1.2MPa high pressure, to make particle diameter through airflow milling be 2-2.5 μ m micro powder granule by above-mentioned magnetic at gas pressure; under argon shield atmosphere; micro mist is orientated compressing; obtain blank; wherein be orientated compressing process and adopt moulding pre-pressing process; concrete pre-pressing process is that first magnetic to be pre-stressed to density in the situation that there is no magnetic field be 2.1-2.3g/cm3, then fine powder to be pressed into density under magnetic field orientating condition be 3.4-3.6g/cm
3, wait static pressure processing to obtain magnet blank finally by mistake, alignment magnetic field size is 2-2.5T, waits static pressure size for 300-350MPa;
(3) sintering
Molded blank is put under argon shield to sintering furnace and carried out sintering, be first warming up to 600-650 ℃ with 5-10 ℃/min, insulation 2-3h; then be warming up to 1200-1250 ℃ of sintering 4-5h with 10-15 ℃/min; be cooled to after room temperature, carry out double tempering processing, obtain product.
Built-up magnet prepared by the present invention, employing neodymium iron boron is matrix, adopt Ho Substitute For Partial Nd, adopt Zr, Nb and Si Substitute For Partial Fe, keeping the lower-cost while, improve remanent magnetism and coercive force and the resistance to elevated temperatures of material, in preparation process, adopt that hydrogen is broken, dehydrogenation processing, to improve the anisotropy of material, in base process, adopt secondary pressed compact technique to improve the magnetic energy product of magnet.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-
The permanent magnet of the present embodiment adopt following composite material as permanent magnetic material: (Nd
0.95ho
0.05)
10.5(Fe
0.76zr
0.12nb
0.1si
0.02)
30.4b
6.5.
According to said ratio, feed metal Nd, Ho, Zr, Fe, B, Nb and Si are melted under approximately 2/3 atmospheric argon gas atmosphere protection in the induction furnace of 1500 ℃; after fusing 1450 ℃ of refinings 35 minutes; then the cooling alloy pig that is cast into; then remelting 4 times; alloy pig is joined in spun furnace; induction heating remelting in spun furnace under argon shield at the temperature of 1400 ℃; obtain alloy molten solution; this alloy molten solution is solidified to water-cooled copper roller or the molybdenum roller surface moment of High Rotation Speed through the small hole injection of crucible bottom nozzle, and cooling rate can reach 10
4k/s, forms amorphous or crystallite metal alloy strip.
Above-mentioned alloy thin band is placed in to hydrogen broken furnace, and to be evacuated to vacuum degree be below 1Pa, at room temperature passes into hydrogen, keeps pressure 2 × 10
5pa, time, at 5h, is cooled to room temperature, then extracts remaining hydrogen out, start the dehydrogenation that heats up, dehydrogenating technology adopts 400 ℃ of insulation 6h, and dehydrogenation is forced down in the time of 10Pa, and dehydrogenation finishes, stop heating, be cooled to room temperature and control dehydrogenation air pressure, make dehydrogenation after the broken powder hydrogen content of hydrogen between 2000-2500ppm, the broken laggard promoting the circulation of qi stream of hydrogen grinds magnetic.
Be that under 1MPa high pressure, to make particle diameter through airflow milling be 2-2.5 μ m micro powder granule by above-mentioned magnetic at gas pressure; under argon shield atmosphere; micro mist is orientated compressing; obtain blank; wherein be orientated compressing process and adopt moulding pre-pressing process; concrete pre-pressing process is that first magnetic to be pre-stressed to density in the situation that there is no magnetic field be 2.1g/cm3, then fine powder to be pressed into density under magnetic field orientating condition be 3.4g/cm
3, wait static pressure processing to obtain magnet blank finally by mistake, alignment magnetic field size is 2T, waits static pressure size for 300MPa;
Molded blank is put under argon shield to sintering furnace and carried out sintering, be first warming up to 600 ℃ with 5 ℃/min, insulation 3h, is then warming up to 1200 ℃ of sintering 5h with 10 ℃/min, is cooled to after room temperature, carries out double tempering processing, obtains product.
Embodiment bis-
The permanent magnet of the present embodiment adopt following composite material as permanent magnetic material: (Nd
0.92h0
0.08)
11.8(Fe
0.69zr
0.17nb
0.12si
0.02)
35.1b
6.5.
According to said ratio, feed metal Nd, Ho, Zr, Fe, B, Nb and Si are melted under approximately 2/3 atmospheric argon gas atmosphere protection in the induction furnace of 1550 ℃; after fusing 1500 ℃ of refinings 35 minutes; then the cooling alloy pig that is cast into; then remelting 6 times; alloy pig is joined in spun furnace; induction heating remelting in spun furnace under argon shield at the temperature of 1450 ℃; obtain alloy molten solution; this alloy molten solution is solidified to water-cooled copper roller or the molybdenum roller surface moment of High Rotation Speed through the small hole injection of crucible bottom nozzle, and cooling rate can reach 10
6k/s, forms amorphous or crystallite metal alloy strip.
Above-mentioned alloy thin band is placed in to hydrogen broken furnace, and to be evacuated to vacuum degree be below 1Pa, at room temperature passes into hydrogen, keeps pressure 3 × 10
5pa, time, at 3h, is cooled to room temperature, then extracts remaining hydrogen out, start the dehydrogenation that heats up, dehydrogenating technology adopts 500 ℃ of insulation 4h, and dehydrogenation is forced down in the time of 10Pa, and dehydrogenation finishes, stop heating, be cooled to room temperature and control dehydrogenation air pressure, make dehydrogenation after the broken powder hydrogen content of hydrogen between 2000-2500ppm, the broken laggard promoting the circulation of qi stream of hydrogen grinds magnetic.
Be that under 1.2MPa high pressure, to make particle diameter through airflow milling be 2-2.5 μ m micro powder granule by above-mentioned magnetic at gas pressure; under argon shield atmosphere; micro mist is orientated compressing; obtain blank; wherein be orientated compressing process and adopt moulding pre-pressing process; concrete pre-pressing process is that first magnetic to be pre-stressed to density in the situation that there is no magnetic field be 2.3f/cm3, then fine powder to be pressed into density under magnetic field orientating condition be 3.6f/cm
3, wait static pressure processing to obtain magnet blank finally by mistake, alignment magnetic field size is 2.5T, waits static pressure size for 350MPa;
Molded blank is put under argon shield to sintering furnace and carried out sintering, be first warming up to 650 ℃ with 10 ℃/min, insulation 2h, is then warming up to 1250 ℃ of sintering 4h with 15 ℃/min, is cooled to after room temperature, carries out double tempering processing, obtains product.
Comparative example
RE permanent magnetic alloy composition is Fe77.1%, Nd8.5%, Co5%, Ga0.5%, Zr2.7% and B6.2%.Adopt Medium frequency induction melting, coarse crushing, middle fragmentation, then stream of nitrogen gas mill, then powder magnetic field radiation orientation, magnet ring size external diameter 30mm, internal diameter 20mm, high 10mm; By blank interval, rationally pile up, so fed to boiler, room temperature vacuumizes 50min, takes to control fast mode and heats up with 2.5 ℃/min; In temperature-rise period, at 200 ℃ of insulation 30min, at 500 ℃ of insulation 50min; Be heated to calcined temperature with the programming rate of 5 ℃/min again, be better than 1 × 10 in vacuum degree
-1after Pa, at 1210 ℃ of sintering 20min of calcined temperature, then filling with inert gas at 1170 ℃ of sintering 120min, then be quenched to 900 ℃ with 30 ℃/min control speed, at 900 ℃ of insulation 120min; Under 900 ℃, the cooling procedure from a temperature platform to next temperature platform, control rate is cooling with 1.5 ℃/min; Control fast cool to room temperature from 500 ℃ with 1.0 ℃/min, finally come out of the stove.
Embodiment 1-2 to same shape and size and the permanent magnet of comparative example carry out magnetism testing, and magnetism testing utilizes the test of BH instrument, tests respectively at 25 ℃ and 100 ℃, measures maximum magnetic energy product (BH)
maxand coercive force.Test result shows: in the time of 25 ℃, the maximum magnetic energy product of embodiment 1-2 relatively example improves 15-25%, and coercive force relatively example improves more than 20%; In the time of 100 ℃, the maximum magnetic energy product of embodiment 1-2 relatively example improves 25-28%, and coercive force relatively example improves more than 22%.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation technology of built-up magnet for energy-saving permanent-magnet ac synchronous motor, this permanent magnet adopt following composite material as permanent magnetic material: (Nd
1-xho
x)
y(Fe
1-a-b-czr
anb
bsi
c)
zb
6.5, wherein x=0.05-0.08, y=10.5-11.8, a=0.12-0.17, b=0.1-0.12, c=0.01-0.02, z=30.4-35.1 the method comprises the steps:
(1) prepare permanent-magnet alloy powder
According to said ratio by feed metal Nd, Ho, Zr, Fe, B, Nb and Si melt under approximately 2/3 atmospheric argon gas atmosphere protection in the induction furnace of 1500-1550 ℃, after fusing at 1450-1500 ℃ of refining 35-40 minute, then the cooling alloy pig that is cast into, then remelting 4-6 time, alloy pig is joined in spun furnace, induction heating remelting in spun furnace under argon shield at the temperature of 1400-1450 ℃, obtain alloy molten solution, this alloy molten solution is solidified to water-cooled copper roller or the molybdenum roller surface moment of High Rotation Speed through the small hole injection of crucible bottom nozzle, cooling rate can reach 10
4-10
6k/s, forms amorphous or crystallite metal alloy strip,
Above-mentioned alloy thin band is placed in to hydrogen broken furnace, and to be evacuated to vacuum degree be below 1Pa, at room temperature passes into hydrogen, keeps pressure in 2-3 × 10
5pa, time, at 3-5h, is cooled to room temperature, then extracts remaining hydrogen out, start the dehydrogenation that heats up, dehydrogenating technology adopts 400-500 ℃ of insulation 4-6h, and dehydrogenation is forced down in the time of 10Pa, and dehydrogenation finishes, stop heating, be cooled to room temperature and control dehydrogenation air pressure, make dehydrogenation after the broken powder hydrogen content of hydrogen between 2000-2500ppm, the broken laggard promoting the circulation of qi stream of hydrogen grinds magnetic;
(2) base and orientation
Be that under 1-1.2MPa high pressure, to make particle diameter through airflow milling be 2-2.5 μ m micro powder granule by above-mentioned magnetic at gas pressure; under argon shield atmosphere; micro mist is orientated compressing; obtain blank; wherein be orientated compressing process and adopt moulding pre-pressing process; concrete pre-pressing process is that first magnetic to be pre-stressed to density in the situation that there is no magnetic field be 2.1-2.3g/cm3, then fine powder to be pressed into density under magnetic field orientating condition be 3.4-3.6g/cm
3, wait static pressure processing to obtain magnet blank finally by mistake, alignment magnetic field size is 2-2.5T, waits static pressure size for 300-350MPa;
(3) sintering
Molded blank is put under argon shield to sintering furnace and carried out sintering, be first warming up to 600-650 ℃ with 5-10 ℃/min, insulation 2-3h; then be warming up to 1200-1250 ℃ of sintering 4-5h with 10-15 ℃/min; be cooled to after room temperature, carry out double tempering processing, obtain product.
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Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104851545A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 唐海峰 | Production method of permanent magnet material with grain boundary diffusion layer |
| US20170221615A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-08-03 | Beijing Zhong Ke San Huan Hi-Tech Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing an r-t-b permanent magnet |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170221615A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-08-03 | Beijing Zhong Ke San Huan Hi-Tech Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing an r-t-b permanent magnet |
| US10714245B2 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2020-07-14 | Beijing Zhong Ke San Huan Hi-Tech Co., Ltd. | Method for preparing an R-T-B permanent magnet |
| CN104851545A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 唐海峰 | Production method of permanent magnet material with grain boundary diffusion layer |
| CN104851545B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-11-17 | 王怡 | A kind of permanent-magnet material preparation method with grain boundary decision layer |
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