CN103810398A - Method for establishing non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission inventory of road moving source - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for establishing a non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission inventory of a road moving source, which comprises the following steps: S10, measuring traffic flow of a road section to be measured and vehicle speeds V according to vehicle types; S20, calculating a particulate matter emission factor correction coefficient ST (V) of the vehicle speeds of vehicles on tire wear of the vehicles; S30, calculating a particulate matter emission factor correction coefficient SB (V) of the vehicle speeds of the vehicles on brake wear; S40, calculating a tire wear particulate matter emission factor after the vehicle speeds are corrected, a brake wear particulate matter emission factor after the vehicle speeds are corrected and a pavement wear particulate matter emission factor after the vehicle speeds are corrected; S50, calculating a non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission load of the road moving source. The method for establishing the non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission inventory of the road moving source, which is disclosed by the invention, can accurately reflect time and space variation of the non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission of the road moving source.

Description

The granular material discharged inventory method for building up of the non-offgas duct of road moving source

Technical field

The present invention relates to environmental protection technical field, relate in particular to the granular material discharged inventory method for building up of a kind of road moving source " non-offgas duct ".

Background technology

Automobile, as one of modern society's main traffic instrument, uses in a large number in people's production, the every field of life, and the total amount of automobile increases day by day, and the problem of thereupon bringing is also more and more.Except vehicle exhaust and noise have a strong impact on people's living environment, " non-offgas duct " granular material discharged environmental impact is also more and more subject to people and payes attention to.

" non-offgas duct " discharge mainly comprises brake wear, tire wear, road wear and vehicle airborne dust, and " non-offgas duct " discharge is the important sources of trace meter in urban environment, is also the important sources of particle in atmospheric environment.

For convenient, for the calculating of road moving source pollutant discharge amount, generally adopt emission factor to be multiplied by the computing method of activity level.Emission factor i.e. the travel discharge capacity of a kilometer of car, and unit is g/km, and activity level is the distance travelled number of vehicle on road.

Discharge inventory based on macro-data is to multiply each other and obtain according to vehicle population and emission factor, and basic calculating formula is formula (1).

$\mathrm{TE}=\underset{j}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{N}_j\×M_j\×{\mathrm{EF}}_{s,j}---\left(1\right)$

In formula, TE is the discharge capacity in special time cycle and region, and unit is: g; N _jthe quantity of j type of vehicle in specific region; M _jfor j type of vehicle solo running mileage in the special time cycle, unit is: km; EF _s,jfor the emission factor of j type of vehicle, unit is: g/km; J is type of vehicle, and s is pollutant type.These computing method can draw from macroscopic view the total release of pollutant, but spatial and temporal resolution is low.

In existing non-offgas duct Study on Emission document, Fan Shoubin according to the vehicle in the emission factor numerical value of bibliographical information and typical section form studied discharge characteristics [Fan Shoubin. the granular material discharged feature research of the non-offgas duct of vehicle [J]. Environmental science and technology, 2011, 34 (5): 124-127.], aspect non-offgas duct discharge inventory, at present nearly all research is all calculated based on vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity and average solo running mileage statistical information, can not accurately reflect that the granular material discharged time and space of the non-offgas duct of road moving source changes, all defects to some extent of spatial and temporal resolution or regional representativeness.

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a kind of granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source " non-offgas duct " that can accurately reflect that the granular material discharged time and space of the non-offgas duct of road moving source changes.

The granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source of the present invention " non-offgas duct ", comprises the following steps:

S10, vehicle flowrate and a speed of a motor vehicle point vehicle to section to be measured are measured;

S20, the following formula of utilization calculate vehicle speed to vehicle tyre wear particle thing emission factor correction factor S _t(V):

When V<40km/h, S _t(V)=1.39,

When 40km/h≤V≤90km/h, S _t(V)=-0.00974 × V+1.78,

When V>90km/h, S _t(V)=0.902;

S30, the following formula of utilization calculate vehicle speed to the granular material discharged factor correction factor of brake wear S _b(V):

When V<40km/h, S _b(V)=1.67,

When 40km/h≤V≤90km/h, S _b(V)=-0.0270 × V+2.75,

When V>90km/h, S _b(V)=0.185;

S40, the following formula of utilization are obtained the granular material discharged factor of the revised tire wear of the speed of a motor vehicle, the granular material discharged factor of the revised brake wear of the speed of a motor vehicle and the granular material discharged factor of the revised road wear of the speed of a motor vehicle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;S_T\left(V\right)\&times;k$

In formula for the granular material discharged factor of the revised tire wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _t,i(TSP, b) is basic tire wear particle TSP emission factor; S _t(V) be that the speed of a motor vehicle is to vehicle tyre wear particle thing emission factor correction factor; I is type of vehicle; K is the particle diameter coefficient of tire wear discharged particle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;S_B\left(V\right)\&times;h$

In formula

for the granular material discharged factor of the revised brake wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _b,i(TSP, b) is basic brake wear particle TSP emission factor; S _b(V) be that the speed of a motor vehicle is to the granular material discharged factor correction factor of brake wear; I is type of vehicle; H is the particle diameter coefficient of brake wear discharged particle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;m$

In formula

for the granular material discharged factor of the revised road wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _r,i(TSP, b) is basic road wear particle TSP emission factor; I is type of vehicle; M is the particle diameter coefficient of road wear discharged particle;

S50, the following formula of utilization calculate " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter in section to be measured:

Q _NP=Q _T+Q _B+Q _R

Wherein,

$Q_T=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

$Q_B=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

$Q_R=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

Wherein, Q _nPfor section to be measured " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _tfor section to be measured tire wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _bfor section to be measured brake wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _rfor section to be measured road wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; L is road section length to be measured, and unit is: km; TV _ifor the vehicle flowrate of different type of vehicle, unit is :/h.

Optionally, described type of vehicle comprises cart, minibus, pickup truck and heavy vehicle.

Optionally, while calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, k gets respectively 1.00,0.60 and 0.42.

Optionally, while calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, h gets respectively 1.00,0.98 and 0.39.

Optionally, while calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, m gets respectively 1.00,0.50 and 0.27.

The present invention also provides a kind of and has set up system for the granular material discharged inventory of road moving source " non-offgas duct ", comprising:

Vehicle flowrate vehicle speed detection system, for detection of vehicle flowrate and the speed information of point vehicle and be uploaded to host computer;

Wagon flow video acquisition system, for gathering the video of wagon flow and sending;

GIS road net data storehouse, for analyzing, add up and calculate site of road, length and space distribution;

Host computer, described host computer is connected respectively with vehicle flowrate vehicle speed detection system, wagon flow video acquisition system, GIS road net data storehouse, for calculate road moving source " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter according to the information of each system acquisition.

In the granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source of the present invention " non-offgas duct ", vehicle flowrate vehicle speed detection system is uploaded to host computer by video acquisition and image processing software in real time the vehicle flowrate of on road point of vehicle and vehicle speed data; According to the locus of vehicle (longitude and latitude) the data allocations of uploading to section corresponding in GIS road net data storehouse; Determine the granular material discharged factor of the revised tire wear of the speed of a motor vehicle, the granular material discharged factor of the revised brake wear of the speed of a motor vehicle and the granular material discharged factor of the revised road wear of the speed of a motor vehicle according to the vehicle flowrate of on section point of vehicle and vehicle speed data; And calculate section to be measured " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter.Distribute according to the real time data of point vehicle vehicle flowrate and the speed of a motor vehicle and granular material discharged time of temporal change characteristic analysis " non-offgas duct "; The granular material discharged space distribution of discharge capacity data analysis " non-offgas duct " on the space distribution of road and different sections of highway in application road net data storehouse.There is " non-offgas duct " granular material discharged inventory database based on real-time traffic stream information of statistics, space distribution, time distributional analysis function thereby set up, discharge capacity that can real-time analysis zones of different.This discharge inventory database, because having high-resolution time, spatial distribution characteristic, can improve the degree of accuracy of modeling result while being applied to air quality model; Environmental management department, according to the spatio-temporal distribution rule of discharge, can be taked specific control measure in particular space and time range, reduces targetedly discharge quantity of particulate matter, can effectively reduce air pollution.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is section to be measured of the present invention " non-offgas duct " particle PM10 discharge capacity temporal evolution schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is section to be measured of the present invention vehicle tyre wear particle thing PM10 discharge capacity space distribution schematic diagram.

Fig. 3 is section car brakeing wear particle thing PM10 discharge capacity space distribution schematic diagram to be measured of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is section to be measured of the present invention road wear particle PM10 discharge capacity space distribution schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 is section to be measured of the present invention " non-offgas duct " particle PM10 discharge capacity space distribution schematic diagram.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further elaborated.

Embodiment 1

The granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source " non-offgas duct " of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:

S10, vehicle flowrate and a speed of a motor vehicle point vehicle to section to be measured are measured;

S20, the following formula of utilization calculate vehicle speed to vehicle tyre wear particle thing emission factor correction factor S _t(V):

When V<40km/h, S _t(V)=1.3904,

When 40km/h≤V≤90km/h, S _t(V)=-0.00974 × V+1.78,

When V>90km/h, S _t(V)=0.9034;

S30, the following formula of utilization calculate vehicle speed to the granular material discharged factor correction factor of brake wear S _b(V):

When V<40km/h, S _b(V)=1.67,

When 40km/h≤V≤95km/h, S _b(V)=-0.0270 × V+2.75,

When V>95km/h, S _b(V)=0.185;

S40, the following formula of utilization are obtained the granular material discharged factor of the revised tire wear of the speed of a motor vehicle, the granular material discharged factor of the revised brake wear of the speed of a motor vehicle and the granular material discharged factor of the revised road wear of the speed of a motor vehicle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;S_T\left(V\right)\&times;k$

In formula for the granular material discharged factor of the revised tire wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _t,i(TSP, b) is basic tire wear particle TSP emission factor; S _t(V) be that the speed of a motor vehicle is to vehicle tyre wear particle thing emission factor correction factor; I is type of vehicle; K is the particle diameter coefficient of tire wear discharged particle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;S_B\left(V\right)\&times;h$

In formula

for the granular material discharged factor of the revised brake wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _b,i(TSP, b) is basic brake wear particle TSP emission factor; S _b(V) be that the speed of a motor vehicle is to the granular material discharged factor correction factor of brake wear; I is type of vehicle; H is the particle diameter coefficient of brake wear discharged particle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;m$

In formula

for the granular material discharged factor of the revised road wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _r,i(TSP, b) is basic road wear particle TSP emission factor; I is type of vehicle; M is the particle diameter coefficient of road wear discharged particle;

S50, the following formula of utilization calculate " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter in section to be measured:

Q _NP=Q _T+Q _B+Q _R

Wherein,

$Q_T=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

$Q_B=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

$Q_R=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

Wherein, Q _nPfor section to be measured " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _tfor section to be measured tire wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _bfor section to be measured brake wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _rfor section to be measured road wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; L is road section length to be measured, and unit is: km; TV _ifor the vehicle flowrate of different type of vehicle, unit is :/h.

In the granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source of the present invention " non-offgas duct ", vehicle flowrate vehicle speed detection system is uploaded to host computer by video acquisition and image processing software in real time the vehicle flowrate of on road point of vehicle and vehicle speed data; According to the locus of vehicle (longitude and latitude) the data allocations of uploading to section corresponding in GIS road net data storehouse; Determine the granular material discharged factor of the revised tire wear of the speed of a motor vehicle, the granular material discharged factor of the revised brake wear of the speed of a motor vehicle and the granular material discharged factor of the revised road wear of the speed of a motor vehicle according to the vehicle flowrate of on section point of vehicle and vehicle speed data; And calculate section to be measured " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter.Distribute according to the real time data of point vehicle vehicle flowrate and the speed of a motor vehicle and granular material discharged time of temporal change characteristic analysis " non-offgas duct "; The granular material discharged space distribution of discharge capacity data analysis " non-offgas duct " on the space distribution of road and different sections of highway in application road net data storehouse.

In the present embodiment, optional, described type of vehicle comprises cart, minibus, pickup truck and heavy vehicle, with by the differentiation to different vehicle type, improves the accuracy of the granular material discharged inventory of road moving source " non-offgas duct ".

In the present embodiment, optional, while calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, k gets respectively 1.00,0.60 and 0.42; H gets respectively 1.00,0.98 and 0.39; M gets respectively 1.00,0.50 and 0.27, with the selection of the coefficient by difference discharge kind, sets up more accurately the granular material discharged inventory of road moving source " non-offgas duct ".

In the present embodiment, the brake wear particle TSP emission factor on the tire wear particle TSP emission factor on basis, basis and the road wear particle TSP emission factor on basis are in table 1.

The particle TSP emission factor on table 1 basis

Embodiment 2

The present embodiment also provides a kind of and has set up system for the granular material discharged inventory of road moving source " non-offgas duct ", comprising:

Vehicle flowrate vehicle speed detection system, for detection of vehicle flowrate and the speed information of point vehicle and be uploaded to host computer;

Wagon flow video acquisition system, for gathering the video of wagon flow and sending;

GIS road net data storehouse, for analyzing, add up and calculate site of road, length and space distribution;

Host computer, described host computer is connected respectively with vehicle flowrate vehicle speed detection system, wagon flow video acquisition system, GIS road net data storehouse, for calculating road moving source " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter according to the information of each system acquisition, to set up " non-offgas duct " granular material discharged inventory described in system made by above-mentioned for the granular material discharged inventory of road moving source " non-offgas duct ".

Embodiment 3

With reference to figure 1, the present embodiment illustrates certain major trunk roads " non-offgas duct " particle PM10 Emission amount calculation process.Wherein table 1 is: section to be measured vehicle tyre wear particle thing PM10 discharge capacity; Table 2 is: section car brakeing wear particle thing PM10 discharge capacity to be measured; Table 3 is: section to be measured road wear particle PM10 discharge capacity; Table 4 is: section to be measured " non-offgas duct " particle PM10 discharge capacity;

Table 1 section to be measured vehicle tyre wear particle thing PM10 Emission amount calculation table

Table 2 section car brakeing to be measured wear particle thing PM10 Emission amount calculation table

Table 3 section to be measured road wear particle PM10 Emission amount calculation table

Table 4 section to be measured vehicle " non-offgas duct " particle PM10 Emission amount calculation table

Embodiment 4

With reference to figure 2-5, set up the granular material discharged space distribution of moving source " non-offgas duct " with certain city, city wagon flow road peak period point vehicle vehicle flowrate and vehicle speed data, 1km × 1km grid is set up in this city, added up wagon flow distance travelled number and the average speed of each grid peak hour.Motor vehicle flow, vehicle and average overall travel speed and emission factor based on GIS are combined, set up the motor-driven Chefei's road offgas duct discharge grid distribution list having obtained based on GIS.When this peak, region, section vehicle tyre wear particle thing PM10 discharge capacity 386.8kg/h to be measured, section car brakeing wear particle thing PM10 discharge capacity 176.2kg/h to be measured, section road wear particle PM10 discharge capacity 103.2kg/h to be measured, section to be measured " non-offgas duct " particle PM10 discharge capacity 666.2kg/h.

Finally it should be noted that: above embodiment only, in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.

Claims (6)

1. the granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source " non-offgas duct ", is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

S10, vehicle flowrate and a speed of a motor vehicle point vehicle to section to be measured are measured;

S20, the following formula of utilization calculate vehicle speed to vehicle tyre wear particle thing emission factor correction factor S _t(V):

When V<40km/h, S _t(V)=1.39,

When 40km/h≤V≤90km/h, S _t(V)=-0.00974 × V+1.78,

When V>90km/h, S _t(V)=0.902;

S30, the following formula of utilization calculate vehicle speed to the granular material discharged factor correction factor of brake wear S _b(V):

When V<40km/h, S _b(V)=1.67,

When 40km/h≤V≤90km/h, S _b(V)=-0.0270 × V+2.75,

When V>90km/h, S _b(V)=0.185;

S40, the following formula of utilization are obtained the granular material discharged factor of the revised tire wear of the speed of a motor vehicle, the granular material discharged factor of the revised brake wear of the speed of a motor vehicle and the granular material discharged factor of the revised road wear of the speed of a motor vehicle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;S_T\left(V\right)\&times;k$

In formula

for the granular material discharged factor of the revised tire wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _t,i(TSP, b) is basic tire wear particle TSP emission factor; S _t(V) be that the speed of a motor vehicle is to vehicle tyre wear particle thing emission factor correction factor; I is type of vehicle; K is the particle diameter coefficient of tire wear discharged particle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;S_B\left(V\right)\&times;h$

In formula

for the granular material discharged factor of the revised brake wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _b,i(TSP, b) is basic brake wear particle TSP emission factor; S _b(V) be that the speed of a motor vehicle is to the granular material discharged factor correction factor of brake wear; I is type of vehicle; H is the particle diameter coefficient of brake wear discharged particle;

${\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}^{*}\left(V\right)={\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}(\mathrm{TSP},b)\&times;m$

In formula

for the granular material discharged factor of the revised road wear of the speed of a motor vehicle; EF _r,i(TSP, b) is basic road wear particle TSP emission factor; I is type of vehicle; M is the particle diameter coefficient of road wear discharged particle;

S50, the following formula of utilization calculate " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter in section to be measured:

Q _NP=Q _T+Q _B+Q _R

Wherein,

$Q_T=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{T,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

$Q_B=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{B,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

$Q_R=\underset{i=1}{\overset{4}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}L\&times;{\mathrm{TV}}_i\&times;{{\mathrm{EF}}_{R,i}}^{*}\left(V\right);$

Wherein, Q _nPfor section to be measured " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _tfor section to be measured tire wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _bfor section to be measured brake wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; Q _rfor section to be measured road wear discharge quantity of particulate matter, unit is: g/h; L is road section length to be measured, and unit is: km; TV _ifor the vehicle flowrate of different type of vehicle, unit is :/h.

2. the granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source according to claim 1 " non-offgas duct ", is characterized in that, described type of vehicle comprises cart, minibus, pickup truck and heavy vehicle.

3. the granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source according to claim 1 " non-offgas duct ", is characterized in that, while calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, k gets respectively 1.00,0.60 and 0.42.

4. the granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source according to claim 1 " non-offgas duct ", is characterized in that, while calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, h gets respectively 1.00,0.98 and 0.39.

5. the granular material discharged inventory method for building up of road moving source according to claim 1 " non-offgas duct ", is characterized in that, while calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, m gets respectively 1.00,0.50 and 0.27.

6. set up a system for the granular material discharged inventory of road moving source " non-offgas duct ", it is characterized in that, comprising:

Vehicle flowrate vehicle speed detection system, for detection of vehicle flowrate and the speed information of point vehicle and be uploaded to host computer;

Wagon flow video acquisition system, for gathering the video of wagon flow and sending;

GIS road net data storehouse, for analyzing, add up and calculate site of road, length and space distribution;

Host computer, described host computer is connected respectively with vehicle flowrate vehicle speed detection system, wagon flow video acquisition system, GIS road net data storehouse, for calculate road moving source " non-offgas duct " discharge quantity of particulate matter according to the information of each system acquisition.

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