CN103810398A - Method for establishing non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission inventory of road moving source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for establishing a non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission inventory of a road moving source, which comprises the following steps: S10, measuring traffic flow of a road section to be measured and vehicle speeds V according to vehicle types; S20, calculating a particulate matter emission factor correction coefficient ST (V) of the vehicle speeds of vehicles on tire wear of the vehicles; S30, calculating a particulate matter emission factor correction coefficient SB (V) of the vehicle speeds of the vehicles on brake wear; S40, calculating a tire wear particulate matter emission factor after the vehicle speeds are corrected, a brake wear particulate matter emission factor after the vehicle speeds are corrected and a pavement wear particulate matter emission factor after the vehicle speeds are corrected; S50, calculating a non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission load of the road moving source. The method for establishing the non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission inventory of the road moving source, which is disclosed by the invention, can accurately reflect time and space variation of the non-exhaust-pipe particulate matter emission of the road moving source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for establishing a particulate matter emission list of a non-tail gas pipe of a road mobile source.
Background
The automobile is used as one of the main transportation means in the modern society, is widely used in various fields of production and life of people, the total amount of the automobile is increased day by day, and the problems brought by the automobile are increased more and more. In addition to the serious influence of automobile exhaust and noise on the living environment of people, the environmental influence of particle emission of a non-exhaust pipe is also more and more paid attention by people.
The emission of the 'non-tail gas pipe' mainly comprises brake wear, tire wear, road surface wear and vehicle dust emission, and the emission of the 'non-tail gas pipe' is an important source of trace metals in urban environment and an important source of particles in atmospheric environment.
For convenience, for the calculation of the pollutant emission amount of the road moving source, a calculation method of multiplying an emission factor by an activity level is generally adopted. The emission factor is the emission amount of a vehicle running for one kilometer, the unit is g/km.vehicle, and the activity level is the running mileage of the vehicle on the road.
The emission list based on the macroscopic data is obtained by multiplying the vehicle holding quantity and the emission coefficient, and the basic calculation formula is shown as an expression (1).
Where TE is the amount of emissions in a particular time period and region, and is expressed in units of: g; n is a radical ofjThe number of j types of vehicles in a particular zone; mjThe mileage of a single vehicle of the j type vehicle in a specific time period is as follows: km; EFs,jEmission factor for type j vehicles, in units of: g/km; j is the vehicle type and s is the pollutant type. The calculation method can macroscopically derive the total emission of pollutants, but the space-time resolution is low.
In the existing non-exhaust pipe emission research literature, a fan is used for researching emission characteristics according to an emission factor value reported in the literature and a vehicle composition of a typical road section [ the fan is used for researching the particle emission characteristics of the non-exhaust pipe of the vehicle [ J ] environmental science and technology, 2011,34(5): 124-.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for establishing a road moving source non-exhaust pipe particulate matter emission list, which can accurately reflect the time-space change of the road moving source non-exhaust pipe particulate matter emission.
The invention discloses a method for establishing a particulate matter emission list of a road mobile source 'non-tail gas pipe', which comprises the following steps:
s10, determining the traffic flow and the vehicle speed type of the road section to be measured;
s20, calculating the particle emission factor correction coefficient S of the vehicle speed to the vehicle tire wear by using the following formulaT(V)：
V<At 40km/h, ST(V)=1.39，
When V is more than or equal to 40km/h and less than or equal to 90km/h, ST(V)=-0.00974×V+1.78，
V>At 90km/h, ST(V)=0.902；
S30, calculating the correction factor S of the vehicle speed to the brake wear particulate matter emission factor by using the following formulaB(V)：
V<At 40km/h, SB(V)=1.67，
When V is more than or equal to 40km/h and less than or equal to 90km/h, SB(V)=-0.0270×V+2.75，
V>At 90km/h, SB(V)=0.185；
S40, calculating a tire wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction, a brake wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction and a road wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction by using the following formulas;
in the formulaA tire wear particulate matter emission factor corrected for vehicle speed; EFT,i(TSP, b) based tire wear particulate TSP emissions factor; sT(V) is a particulate matter emission factor correction factor of vehicle speed to vehicle tire wear; i is a vehicle type; k is the particle size coefficient of the tire wear emission particles;
in the formula
The brake wear particulate matter emission factor is corrected by the vehicle speed; EFB,i(TSP, b) a brake wear particulate TSP emission factor; sB(V) a correction coefficient of vehicle speed to a brake wear particulate matter emission factor; i is a vehicle type; h is the particle size coefficient of the brake wear emission particles;
in the formula
The road surface abrasion particulate matter emission factor is corrected by the vehicle speed; EFR,i(TSP, b) based road wear particulate TSP emissions factor; i is a vehicle type; m is road surface abrasionParticle size coefficient of the discharged particulate matter;
s50, calculating the particulate matter emission amount of the non-exhaust pipe of the road section to be measured by using the following formula:
QNP=QT+QB+QR
wherein,
wherein Q isNPFor the highway section "non-exhaust pipe" particulate matter emission volume of awaiting measuring, the unit is: g/h; qTThe unit of the emission of the wear particulate matter of the tire on the road section to be measured is as follows: g/h; qBThe unit of the emission of brake wear particulate matter of the road section to be measured is as follows: g/h; qRThe unit is that road surface wearing and tearing particulate matter emission of highway section to be measured, is: g/h; l is the length of the road section to be measured, and the unit is as follows: km; TV (television)iTraffic flow for different vehicle types, in units of: and (5) vehicle/h.
Optionally, the vehicle types include two-wheeled vehicles, passenger cars, light trucks and heavy vehicles.
Alternatively, k is taken to be 1.00, 0.60, and 0.42 when calculating TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively.
Alternatively, h is 1.00, 0.98 and 0.39 when calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, respectively.
Alternatively, when calculating TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, m is 1.00, 0.50, and 0.27, respectively.
The invention also provides a system for establishing the particulate matter emission list of the road moving source, which comprises the following components:
the traffic flow and speed detection system is used for detecting the traffic flow and speed information of the vehicle types and uploading the information to the upper computer;
the traffic flow video acquisition system is used for acquiring and sending the video of the traffic flow;
the GIS road network database is used for analyzing, counting and calculating road position, length and spatial distribution;
and the upper computer is respectively connected with the traffic flow and speed detection system, the traffic flow video acquisition system and the GIS road network database and is used for calculating the particulate matter discharge amount of the road moving source non-tail gas pipe according to the information acquired by each system.
In the method for establishing the road moving source non-tail gas pipe particulate matter emission list, the traffic flow and speed detection system uploads the traffic flow and speed data of vehicle types on roads to the upper computer in real time through video acquisition and image processing software; distributing the uploaded data to corresponding road sections in a GIS road network database according to the spatial position (longitude and latitude) of the vehicle; determining a tire wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction, a brake wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction and a road wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction according to the vehicle flow and the vehicle speed data of vehicle types on a road section; and calculating the particulate matter emission of the non-tail gas pipe of the road section to be detected. Analyzing the time distribution of particulate matter emission of a non-tail gas pipe according to the real-time data and time change characteristics of the flow and the speed of the vehicle of the separate vehicle; and analyzing the spatial distribution of particulate matter emission of the non-tail gas pipe by using the spatial distribution of roads in the road network database and the emission data on different road sections. Therefore, a non-tail gas pipe particulate matter emission list database which has the functions of statistics, spatial distribution and time distribution analysis and is based on real-time traffic flow information is established, and emission of different areas can be analyzed in real time. The emission list database has high-resolution time and space distribution characteristics, so that the accuracy of a model simulation result can be improved when the emission list database is applied to an air quality model; according to the time and space distribution rule of emission, the environmental management department can take specific control measures in specific space and time range, pertinently reduce the emission of particulate matters, and can effectively reduce air pollution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the change of the emission amount of the particulate matter PM10 of the non-exhaust pipe of the road section to be measured with time.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of the emission amount of the vehicle tire wear particulate matter PM10 on the road section to be measured according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of the vehicle brake wear particulate matter PM10 emission amount on the road section to be measured according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of the emission amount of the road surface wear particulate matter PM10 of the road section to be measured according to the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of the emission amount of the particulate matter PM10 in the non-exhaust pipe of the road section to be measured according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The method for establishing the particulate matter emission list of the road moving source non-tail gas pipe comprises the following steps:
s10, determining the traffic flow and the vehicle speed type of the road section to be measured;
s20, calculating the particle emission factor correction coefficient S of the vehicle speed to the vehicle tire wear by using the following formulaT(V)：
V<At 40km/h, ST(V)=1.3904，
When V is more than or equal to 40km/h and less than or equal to 90km/h, ST(V)=-0.00974×V+1.78，
V>At 90km/h, ST(V)=0.9034；
S30, calculating the correction factor S of the vehicle speed to the brake wear particulate matter emission factor by using the following formulaB(V)：
V<At 40km/h, SB(V)=1.67，
When V is more than or equal to 40km/h and less than or equal to 95km/h, SB(V)=-0.0270×V+2.75，
V>At 95km/h, SB(V)=0.185；
S40, calculating a tire wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction, a brake wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction and a road wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction by using the following formulas;
in the formulaA tire wear particulate matter emission factor corrected for vehicle speed; EFT,i(TSP, b) based tire wear particulate TSP emissions factor; sT(V) particles of vehicle speed versus vehicle tire wearA material emission factor correction factor; i is a vehicle type; k is the particle size coefficient of the tire wear emission particles;
in the formula
The brake wear particulate matter emission factor is corrected by the vehicle speed; EFB,i(TSP, b) a brake wear particulate TSP emission factor; sB(V) correcting coefficient of vehicle speed to brake wear particulate matter emission factor; i is a vehicle type; h is the particle size coefficient of the brake wear emission particles;
in the formula
The road surface abrasion particulate matter emission factor is corrected by the vehicle speed; EFR,i(TSP, b) based road wear particulate TSP emissions factor; i is a vehicle type; m is the particle size coefficient of the road surface abrasion discharge particles;
s50, calculating the particulate matter emission amount of the non-exhaust pipe of the road section to be measured by using the following formula:
QNP=QT+QB+QR
wherein,
wherein Q isNPFor the highway section "non-exhaust pipe" particulate matter emission volume of awaiting measuring, the unit is: g/h; qTThe unit of the emission of the wear particulate matter of the tire on the road section to be measured is as follows: g/h; qBThe unit of the emission of brake wear particulate matter of the road section to be measured is as follows: g/h; qRThe unit is that road surface wearing and tearing particulate matter emission of highway section to be measured, is: g/h; l is the length of the road section to be measured, and the unit is as follows: km; TV (television)iTraffic flow for different vehicle types, in units of: and (5) vehicle/h.
In the method for establishing the road moving source non-tail gas pipe particulate matter emission list, the traffic flow and speed detection system uploads the traffic flow and speed data of vehicle types on roads to the upper computer in real time through video acquisition and image processing software; distributing the uploaded data to corresponding road sections in a GIS road network database according to the spatial position (longitude and latitude) of the vehicle; determining a tire wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction, a brake wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction and a road wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction according to the vehicle flow and the vehicle speed data of vehicle types on a road section; and calculating the particulate matter emission of the non-tail gas pipe of the road section to be detected. Analyzing the time distribution of particulate matter emission of a non-tail gas pipe according to the real-time data and time change characteristics of the flow and the speed of the vehicle of the separate vehicle; and analyzing the spatial distribution of particulate matter emission of the non-tail gas pipe by using the spatial distribution of roads in the road network database and the emission data on different road sections.
In this embodiment, optionally, the vehicle types include two-wheel vehicles, passenger cars, light trucks and heavy vehicles, so as to improve the accuracy of the road mobile source "non-tailpipe" particulate matter emission list by distinguishing different vehicle types.
In this embodiment, optionally, when TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 are calculated, k is 1.00, 0.60, and 0.42, respectively; h is 1.00, 0.98 and 0.39 respectively; m is respectively 1.00, 0.50 and 0.27, so as to more accurately establish a road mobile source non-tail gas pipe particulate matter emission list through the selection of coefficients of different emission types.
In this example, the basic tire wear particulate TSP emission factor, the basic brake wear particulate TSP emission factor, and the basic road wear particulate TSP emission factor are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic particulate TSP emission factor
Example 2
The embodiment also provides a be used for road to move source "non-tailpipe" particulate matter emission manifest and establish system, includes:
the traffic flow and speed detection system is used for detecting traffic flow and speed information of the vehicle types and uploading the information to the upper computer;
the traffic flow video acquisition system is used for acquiring and sending the video of the traffic flow;
the GIS road network database is used for analyzing, counting and calculating road position, length and spatial distribution;
the upper computer is respectively connected with the traffic flow speed detection system, the traffic flow video acquisition system and the GIS road network database and is used for calculating the particulate matter emission amount of the road moving source non-tail gas pipe according to information acquired by each system so as to establish the particulate matter emission list of the non-tail gas pipe through the road moving source non-tail gas pipe particulate matter emission list establishing system.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment illustrates a process for calculating the amount of particulate matter PM10 discharged from a certain main trunk "non-tailpipe". Wherein table 1 is: discharging amount of vehicle tire wear particulate matter PM10 on the road section to be detected; table 2 shows: the vehicle brake wear particulate matter PM10 emission amount of the road section to be detected; table 3 shows: discharging amount of PM10 (particulate matter) of road surface wear of the road section to be detected; table 4 shows: discharging amount of particulate matter PM10 of a non-exhaust pipe on a road section to be detected;
TABLE 1 calculation table for PM10 discharge amount of vehicle tire wear particulate matter on road section to be measured
TABLE 2 calculation table for vehicle brake wear particulate matter PM10 emission amount on road section to be measured
TABLE 3 road surface wear particulate matter PM10 discharge amount calculation table for road section to be measured
TABLE 4 calculation table for PM10 discharge amount of vehicle non-exhaust pipe on road section to be measured
Example 4
Referring to fig. 2-5, the spatial distribution of the particulate matter emission of the moving source 'non-tail gas pipe' is established according to the traffic flow and the vehicle speed data of the roads of the urban area during the peak hours of the traffic flow, a 1km x 1km grid is established for the urban area, and the traffic flow driving mileage and the average vehicle speed of each grid in the peak hours are counted. The GIS-based motor vehicle traffic flow, vehicle type, average running speed and emission factors are combined together to establish a GIS-based motor vehicle non-road exhaust pipe emission grid distribution list. In the peak time of the area, the emission amount of vehicle tire wear particulate matter PM10 of a road section to be detected is 386.8kg/h, the emission amount of vehicle brake wear particulate matter PM10 of the road section to be detected is 176.2kg/h, the emission amount of road surface wear particulate matter PM10 of the road section to be detected is 103.2kg/h, and the emission amount of particulate matter PM10 of a non-exhaust pipe of the road section to be detected is 666.2 kg/h.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for establishing a particulate matter emission list of a non-tail gas pipe of a road mobile source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, determining the traffic flow and the vehicle speed type of the road section to be measured;
s20, calculating the particle emission factor correction coefficient S of the vehicle speed to the vehicle tire wear by using the following formulaT(V)：
V<At 40km/h, ST(V)=1.39，
When V is more than or equal to 40km/h and less than or equal to 90km/h, ST(V)=-0.00974×V+1.78，
V>At 90km/h, ST(V)=0.902；
S30, calculating the correction factor S of the vehicle speed to the brake wear particulate matter emission factor by using the following formulaB(V)：
V<At 40km/h, SB(V)=1.67，
When V is more than or equal to 40km/h and less than or equal to 90km/h, SB(V)=-0.0270×V+2.75，
V>At 90km/h, SB(V)=0.185；
S40, calculating a tire wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction, a brake wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction and a road wear particulate matter emission factor after vehicle speed correction by using the following formulas;
in the formula
A tire wear particulate matter emission factor corrected for vehicle speed; EFT,i(TSP, b) based tire wear particulate TSP emissions factor; sT(V) is a particulate matter emission factor correction factor of vehicle speed to vehicle tire wear; i is a vehicle type; k is the particle size coefficient of the tire wear emission particles;
in the formula
The brake wear particulate matter emission factor is corrected by the vehicle speed; EFB,i(TSP, b) a brake wear particulate TSP emission factor; sB(V) a correction coefficient of vehicle speed to a brake wear particulate matter emission factor; i is a vehicle type; h is the particle size coefficient of the brake wear emission particles;
in the formula
The road surface abrasion particulate matter emission factor is corrected by the vehicle speed; EFR,i(TSP, b) based road wear particulate TSP emissions factor; i is a vehicle type; m is the particle size coefficient of the road surface abrasion discharge particles;
s50, calculating the particulate matter emission amount of the non-exhaust pipe of the road section to be measured by using the following formula:
QNP=QT+QB+QR
wherein,
wherein Q isNPFor the highway section "non-exhaust pipe" particulate matter emission volume of awaiting measuring, the unit is: g/h; qTThe unit of the emission of the wear particulate matter of the tire on the road section to be measured is as follows: g/h; qBThe unit of the emission of brake wear particulate matter of the road section to be measured is as follows: g/h; qRThe unit is that road surface wearing and tearing particulate matter emission of highway section to be measured, is: g/h; l is the length of the road section to be measured, and the unit is as follows: km; TV (television)iTraffic flow for different vehicle types, in units of: and (5) vehicle/h.
2. The road moving source "non-tailpipe" particulate matter emissions manifest establishing method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said vehicle types include two-wheeled vehicles, passenger cars, light trucks and heavy vehicles.
3. The method for establishing a road movement source non-exhaust pipe particulate matter emission list according to claim 1, wherein k is 1.00, 0.60 and 0.42 respectively when calculating TSP, PM10 and PM 2.5.
4. The method for establishing the exhaust emissions list of road mobile source "non-exhaust pipe" particulate matter according to claim 1, wherein h is 1.00, 0.98 and 0.39 respectively when calculating TSP, PM10 and PM 2.5.
5. The method for establishing the exhaust emissions list of road mobile source "non-exhaust pipe" particulate matter according to claim 1, wherein m is 1.00, 0.50 and 0.27 when calculating TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, respectively.
6. A system for establishing a road movement source 'non-tail gas pipe' particulate matter emission list, which is characterized by comprising:
the traffic flow and speed detection system is used for detecting traffic flow and speed information of the vehicle types and uploading the information to the upper computer;
the traffic flow video acquisition system is used for acquiring and sending the video of the traffic flow;
the GIS road network database is used for analyzing, counting and calculating road position, length and spatial distribution;
and the upper computer is respectively connected with the traffic flow and speed detection system, the traffic flow video acquisition system and the GIS road network database and is used for calculating the particulate matter discharge amount of the road moving source non-tail gas pipe according to the information acquired by each system.
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