CN103807004A - Turbocharger arrangement and set of feedbacks for electric actuator control - Google Patents

Turbocharger arrangement and set of feedbacks for electric actuator control Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103807004A
CN103807004A CN201310553141.1A CN201310553141A CN103807004A CN 103807004 A CN103807004 A CN 103807004A CN 201310553141 A CN201310553141 A CN 201310553141A CN 103807004 A CN103807004 A CN 103807004A
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China
Prior art keywords
actuator
magnetic field
wastegate
temperature
motor
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Granted
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CN201310553141.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103807004B (en
Inventor
A·R·盖尔
V·V·柯克托维克
J·A·希尔迪奇
G·P·麦康维尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D23/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged
    • F02D23/02—Controlling engines characterised by their being supercharged the engines being of fuel-injection type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2065—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit the control being related to the coil temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
    • F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
    • F02D41/221—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions relating to the failure of actuators or electrically driven elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

Various methods for controlling a wastegate with an actuator having a temperature-dependent magnetic field are provided. In one example, the magnetic field is estimated based on operating conditions and other parameters, and used to apply a magnetic correction to a voltage supplied to the actuator. The methods may provide accurate wastegate control in the presence of varying magnetic fields, ensuring the proper supply of boost to an engine.

Description

Turbo charger unit and the setting of feeding back for electric actuator control
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for turbo charger unit and the electric actuator of controlling explosive motor.
Background technique
Motor can improve by turbosupercharger the density of engine output torque/power.In an example, turbosupercharger comprises the compressor and the turbine that are connected by live axle, and wherein turbine is connected to gas exhaust manifold side and compressor is connected to intake manifold side.Like this, exhaust gas drive turbine to compressor provide energy with increase pressure in intake manifold (as, supercharging or boost pressure) and increase the air stream that enters motor.The amount that supercharging can arrive the gas of turbine by adjustment is controlled, for example, use wastegate.Thereby waste gate valve can be controlled the boost pressure that reaches expectation according to operating mode.In an example, waste gate valve can be the electronics wastegate by associated electric actuator control.In certain embodiments, electric actuator is electric motor.By driving electric motor to convert wastegate position, thereby control the amount of the gas that arrives turbine and obtain the supercharging of expecting.
U.S. Patent application has been described one group of feedback of with electric actuator, exhaust valve being carried out positioning control for No. 2012/0001111.Electric actuator comprises the electric motor that actuation force is sent to bar.Wastegate is transferred in the linear motion of bar subsequently by rotatablely moving, thereby controls wastegate and therefore provide supercharging to motor.Control unit of engine carrys out the linear position of induction rod by stroke inductor, stroke inductor comprises the magnetic induction Hall element that is configured to the variation of responding to the magnetic flux in the movable body of magnetic being included in electric actuator.Because the corresponding relation between the motion three of the motion of the motion of known bar, the movable body of magnetic and exhaust valve, the position of exhaust valve can monitor and control by responding to the variation of movable body magnetic flux.In addition, stroke inductor can be responded to the rotational position of lever in actuator, thereby this lever rotation makes bar motion with linear mode.
Summary of the invention
The inventor recognizes this problem of utilizing electric actuator to control the approach of waste gate valve at this.Even can provide accurately induction by controlling magnetic flux, but the change of the actuator internal magnetic field that the torque that electric actuator provides also can be based on producing due to the change of operating temperature (may exceed 100 degrees Celsius) changes.Because it changes the change and its impact on actuator torque and position that cause in whole operating temperature range, if do not possess the ability in the such magnetic field of reply, to the control meeting variation of wastegate, cause less desirable variation in supercharging and motor output.
The invention provides the method that is connected to the magnetic field of the electric actuator of wastegate in certain temperature range compensating operation.
In an example, adjust the engine booster level that is connected in the engine exhaust wastegate actuator of waste gate valve and comes control engine.This adjustment is made and based on the correction of magnet temperature in the magnetic field of the magnet based in wastegate actuator.
Like this, by adjusting wastegate actuator based on magnetic field and adjusting based on the correction of magnet temperature, thereby can solve/adapt to the changes of magnetic field of bringing due to temperature variation and control more accurately actuator torque, speed and wastegate position.
In another example, encoder can be used for measuring and represent the position of actuator and based on this position calculation angular velocity.Terminal voltage is then measured, together with angular velocity, is used for estimating magnet temperature and magnetic field.Apply electric current and operating temperature can estimate actual actuator torque for given afterwards.In another embodiment, actuator resistance estimates with the electric current, terminal voltage and the brush voltage that apply.Variation based on every degree winding resistance afterwards can estimate magnet temperature.Magnetic field with regard to estimated go out.Under these circumstances, the magnetic field that electric actuator produces can estimate in whole operating temperature range.The output of electric actuator can be controlled exactly, and then controls wastegate and offer the boost pressure level that motor is expected.In this embodiment, can also apply the magnetic correction of voltage or signal is controlled to electric actuator.At first temperature that can weaken in magnetic intensity, magnetic correction can increase driving voltage or signal magnitude and be used to provide the actuator torque of expectation.The second lower temperature that can be stronger at respect to the first temperature in magnetic intensity, magnetic correction can reduce driving voltage or signal magnitude provides the actuator torque of expectation.
In another example, the method also comprises and directly injects fuel into engine cylinder.
In another example, comprise by the method for electric actuator control engine turbocharger wastegate: at the first temperature, adjust electric actuator according to the magnetic field voltage correction increasing; With second, lower temperature, adjust electric actuator according to the magnetic field voltage correction reducing.
In another example, electric actuator comprises magnet.
In another example, the duty that electric actuator is delivered to electric actuator by adjustment from controller is recently adjusted, and controller comprises the indication of adjusting action for carrying out.
In another example, wastegate is adjusted to the expectation boost pressure level that maintains engine charge.
In another example, dutycycle increases and reduces at the second temperature at the first temperature.
In the time of embodiment below reading separately or by reference to the accompanying drawings, advantage and other advantage and disadvantages above described herein are apparent.
It should be understood that general introduction is above to be provided in simplified form introduce optionally concept, it will be further described in embodiment.Be not intended to indicate key or the key character of claimed theme, its scope is only determined by embodiment following claim.And claimed theme is not limited to and solves in the disclosure in the above or the mode of execution of the shortcoming of mentioning in any part.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 has shown the block diagram of the turbosupercharged engine that comprises wastegate.
Fig. 2 has shown that explanation is by the flow chart of the method for wastegate control turbosupercharged engine.
Fig. 3 has shown that explanation is by the flow chart of the method for electric actuator control wastegate.
Fig. 4 has shown that explanation is for estimating and revise the flow chart in the magnetic field of the variation of electric actuator generation.
Fig. 5 has shown another kind of for estimating and revise the flow chart in the magnetic field of the variation of electric actuator generation.
Embodiment
In supercharged engine, electronics wastegate actuator can provide output accurately to send the supercharging of expectation to motor.But such actuator, variation huge in expectation and high temperature around and these temperature contends with.The output of electric actuator can be a function in the magnetic field of its supply current and its magnet (if present) generation.This magnetic field, comprises its intensity, changes with the environment temperature in operating temperature range (can exceed 100 degrees Celsius).If do not possess the ability of the variation of the such magnetic field of reply in whole operating temperature range, to the control meeting variation of wastegate, cause less desirable variation in supercharged engine output performance.Although the power that electric actuator produces can be the function that its magnetic flux is multiplied by the electric current (hereinafter to be referred as winding current) that flows through its winding, should be appreciated that magnetic flux can be the function of the magnet temperature based on its ferromagnetic material composition.Should suppose in the present invention the variation that is inversely proportional to of the magnetic flux of electric actuator and magnet temperature.But it is proportional situation to magnet temperature variation that the method for explaining can adapt to magnetic flux herein.
Provide the whole bag of tricks so that the magnetic field changing in estimation and correction electric actuator.These methods can be including based on comprising that the multiple parameters angular velocity, terminal voltage, actuator current and magnet temperature estimate magnetic field.This method can also be including using the look-up table based on comprising the parameter electric current, brush voltage and winding resistance to estimate magnetic field.Fig. 1 is a block diagram that comprises the turbosupercharged engine of wastegate.Motor in Fig. 1 also comprises the controller that is configured to the method for describing in execution graph 2-5.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of showing exemplary engine 10, and it can be included in the propulsion system of automobile.The motor 10 of showing has four cylinders 30.But the cylinder of other numbers also can use according to the present invention.Motor 10 can be included at least in part controller 12 and control by the input of input device 130 in interior control system with from vehicle operators 132.In this example, input device 130 comprises accelerator pedal and the pedal position sensor 134 for generation of proportional pedal position signal PP.Each firing chamber (, cylinder) 30 of motor 10 can comprise the chamber wall that piston (not shown) is placed in one.The to-and-fro motion that piston can be connected to bent axle 40 such pistons is just converted into rotatablely moving of bent axle.Bent axle 40 can be connected to by intermediate transmission system (not shown) at least one driving wheel of vehicle.In addition, starter motor is connected to bent axle 40 by flywheel the operation of motor 10 can be started.
Firing chamber 30 can be received inlet air and can discharge combustion gas by air outlet flue 48 from intake manifold 44 by intake duct 42.Intake manifold 44 and gas exhaust manifold 46 can selectively be communicated with firing chamber 30 by intake valve and exhaust valve (not shown) respectively.In certain embodiments, firing chamber 30 can comprise two or more intake valves and/or two or more exhaust valve.
Show that fuel injector 50 is directly connected to firing chamber 30, for according to the pulse width of the signal FPW receiving from controller 12 burner oil wherein pro rata.In this manner, fuel injector 50 is provided to firing chamber 30 in the mode of the direct spray type of being known as by fuel.Such as, fuel injector can be arranged on side or the top of combustion chamber of firing chamber.Fuel can be delivered to fuel injector 50 by the fuel system (not shown) that comprises fuel tank, petrolift and fuel rail.In certain embodiments, firing chamber 30 can be alternatively, or additionally, comprise the fuel injector being placed in intake manifold 44, and its mode that is configured to be called as intake port injection provides fuel to the suction port upstream of each firing chamber 30.
Intake duct 42 can comprise the closure 21 and 23 respectively with solar term door-plate 22 and 24.In this specific example, the signal that the position of solar term door-plate 22 and 24 can be provided by the actuator comprising to closure 21 and 23 by controller 12 changes.In an example, actuator can be electric actuator (, electric motor), and one is called as the configuration of Electronic Throttle Control (ETC).By this way, can change the inlet air that is provided to firing chamber 30 and other engine cylinders by operation closure 21 and 23.The position of solar term door-plate 22 and 24 can be provided by throttle position signal TP by controller 12.Intake duct 42 can also comprise be respectively used to provide MAF(Mass Air Flow to controller 12) signal and MAP(manifold air pressure) Mass Air Flow sensor 120 and the manifold air pressure sensors 122 of signal.
Air outlet flue 48 receives exhaust from cylinder 30.The exhaust sensor 128 of showing is connected to air outlet flue 48 and the emission control system 78 of turbine 62 upstreams.Sensor 128 chooses for the indication to exhaust air-fuel ratio is provided from various suitable sensors, the general or broad domain oxygen sensor of for example linear oxygen sensors or UEGO(), bifurcation lambda sensor or EGO, nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide transducer.Emission control system 78 can be three-way catalyst (TWC), nitrogen oxygen catcher, various other emission control systems, or their combination.
Delivery temperature is recorded by one or more temperature transducers that are positioned at air outlet flue 48.Or delivery temperature can be inferred based on engine operating condition such as speed, load, air fuel ratio (AFR), spark lag etc.
The controller 12 of showing in Fig. 1 is microcomputers, comprises microprocessor unit 102, input/output end port 104, for the Electronic saving medium of executable program with show memory chip 106, random access memory 108, KAM Keep Alive Memory 110 and the data/address bus of read-only calibration value at this specific example.Controller 12 receives signal from each sensor being connected on motor 10, except those signals of discussing before, also comprises the introducing Mass Air Flow (MAF) from quality air sensor 120; From the measured value of the engineer coolant temperature (ETC) of temperature transducer 112, it is illustrated schematically in a position in motor 10; From the hall effect sensor 118(or the other types that are connected to bent axle 40) PIP Profile Igntion PickUp signal (PIP); Exhaust valve position from exhaust valve position sensor as above (TP); With as above, from the complete mainfold presure signal of sensor 122, MAP.Engine speed signal, RPM, can be produced according to signal PIP by controller 12.Mainfold presure signal MAP from manifold pressure sensor can be used to provide the indication to the vacuum in intake manifold 44 or pressure.The various combinations of noticing the sensor can be used to, as there is no the maf sensor of MAP sensor, or vice versa.While operation under stoichiometry, MAP sensor can provide the indication of an engine torque.In addition, this sensor, and detect engine speed, the estimation to being directed to the inflation (comprising air) in cylinder can be provided.In an example, sensor 118, is also used as engine speed sensor and uses, and the every rotation of bent axle 40 once can produce the uniformly-spaced pulse of predetermined number.In some instances, variable that storage medium ROM (read-only memory) 106 use mechanized datas and other expect but that do not list is especially programmed, and mechanized data represents the instruction that the processor 102 of method is carried out to be described below by execution.
Motor 10 also comprises the compression device of for example turbosupercharger or mechanical supercharger, and it comprises at least one compressor 60 of laying along intake manifold 44.For turbosupercharger, compressor 60 can be driven by turbine 62 at least in part by for example an axle or other connection sets.Turbine 62 is arranged along air outlet flue 48.Various arrangements can be provided for drive compression machine.For mechanical supercharger, compressor 60 is understood at least in part by motor and/or motoring, and can not comprise turbine.Like this, the decrement that offers one or more cylinders of motor by turbosupercharger or mechanical supercharger can change by controller 12.In some cases, turbine 62 can drive for example generator 64, provides energy by turbine drives 68 to battery 66.In addition, inductor 123 can be placed in intake manifold 44 and be used for providing BOOST signal to controller 12.
In addition, air outlet flue 48 comprises for exhaust is shifted to the wastegate 26 away from turbine 62.In certain embodiments, wastegate 26 is multistage wastegates, and for example first order is configured to control boost pressure and the second level is configured to increase to emission control system 78 the secondary wastegate of heat flux.Wastegate 26 can operate with actuator 150, and it can be for example the electric actuator that comprises permanent magnet.In certain embodiments, electric actuator 150 can be electric motor.Other details about wastegate 26 and actuator 150 can be stated below.Intake duct 42 can comprise compressor bypass valve 27, and it is configured to shift compressor 60 inlet air around.Wastegate 26 and/or compressor bypass valve 27 can be controlled by actuator (, actuator 150) by controller 12, thereby are opened in the time for example expecting compared with low pressure charging pressure.
Intake duct 42 also comprises charger-air cooler (CAC) 80(, intercooler) reduce the temperature of the inlet air after turbosupercharging or engine driven supercharging.In certain embodiments, charger-air cooler 80 can be air-to-air heat exchanger.In a further embodiment, charger-air cooler 80 can be that air is to liquid heat exchanger.
In addition, in embodiments of the present invention, an exhaust gas recycling system (EGR) can be directed to intake duct 42 from air outlet flue 48 via EGR passage by the expectation part of exhaust.The amount that is provided to the EGR of intake duct 42 can change via EGR valve 142 by controller 12.In addition, EGR sensor (not shown) can be arranged in EGR passage and the one or more indication in exhaust pressure, temperature, concentration is provided.Or EGR is controlled by calculated value, this calculated value is based on from maf sensor (upstream), MAP(intake manifold), MAT(manifold gases temperature) and the signal of crankshaft speed sensor.In addition, EGR can control based on exhaust gas oxygen sensor and/or air inlet lambda sensor (intake manifold).In some situations, egr system can be used for being adjusted in the temperature of the air-fuel mixture in firing chamber.Fig. 1 has shown high pressure egr system, the downstream of the compressor of swimming over to turbosupercharger of its turbine from turbosupercharger.In other embodiments, motor can additionally or alternatively comprise low pressure EGR system, and wherein EGR swims over to the upstream of the compressor of turbosupercharger from the turbine of turbosupercharger.
Turn to now Fig. 2, method 201 is carried out by engine controller (, controller 12), is used for controlling turbosupercharger by wastegate (, wastegate 26).In an example, method of controlling turbosupercharger by wastegate can comprise determines the boost pressure expected and actual boost pressure.Wastegate can regulate according to the gap of the boost pressure of expecting and actual boost pressure.
Continue Fig. 2,210, the method comprises according to engine operating condition determines the supercharging of expecting.Evaluated situation can directly be measured with sensor, and for example sensor 112,118,120,123 and 134, and/or these situations can obtain from other engine operating condition estimations.Evaluated situation (for example can comprise engine cooling temperature, motor oil temperature, Mass Air Flow (MAF), mainfold presure (MAP), supercharging, from the BOOST pressure of sensor 123), engine speed, idle speed, atmospheric pressure, driver requested torque (for example,, from pedal position sensor 134), air temperature, car speed etc.
Next step, 220, can determine actual boost pressure.Actual supercharging can be directly by sensor, and for example sensor 123, measures.Measured value will be delivered to controller 123 and is stored in computer readable storage medium by BOOST pressure signal.In another embodiment, actual supercharge pressure can, according to other Operational Limitss, for example, based on MAP and RPM, be estimated.
Next step, 230, will determine atmospheric pressure.For example, atmospheric pressure can be recorded by MAP sensor in the time of engine start, and/or engine operating condition based on including MAF, MAP, throttle position etc. estimates.Measurement result will be delivered to controller 12 and be stored in computer readable storage medium.In another embodiment, atmospheric pressure can estimate based on other Operational Limitss.
Next step can pressure difference, exhaust stream and/or wastegate goniometer based on wastegate both sides calculate wastegate actuation force 240.Wastegate can be adjusted according to wastegate actuation force.Wastegate actuation force can be similar exactly with the pressure difference of wastegate both sides.For example, wastegate actuation force can be used as the dynamic (dynamical) input of wastegate.For given wastegate actuation force, wastegate dynamics can be mapped to wastegate dutycycle by the waste gate valve position of the wastegate pressure of expectation and expectation, and wherein duty cycle signals is produced and delivered to wastegate actuator and regulates actuation force by controller.Being mapped to wastegate dutycycle can comprise use lookup table or calculate wastegate dutycycle.Wastegate control (WGC) signal can comprise that the pulse duration modulation of being undertaken by wastegate dutycycle regulates wastegate.The wastegate pressure of expecting or the waste gate valve position of expectation can be by for example feedovering, feed back or other control algorithms realizing.
Compensation term can solve the delay of wastegate actuator.In addition, this compensation term also comprises the adjustment that the movement of dual independent cam based on affecting boost pressure is carried out.For example, when intake cam moves, boost pressure is increased with respect to atmospheric pressure, compensation item size can weaken.Similarly, when intake cam moves, boost pressure is reduced with respect to atmospheric pressure, compensation item size can increase.
Next step, 250, wastegate can be adjusted according to the supercharging of expecting.For example, the boost pressure of expectation can be adjusted wastegate position as the input in feedforward control algorithm.Feedforward control algorithm can be processed the target wastegate pressure or the target waste gate valve position that can be used as inner control loop input.
Next step, 260, can calculate supercharging error as the boost pressure of expecting and the difference of actual supercharge pressure.Wastegate can be adjusted according to the boost pressure error of processing.For example, boost pressure error can be calculated target wastegate pressure (if pressure control is expected) or target waste gate valve position in home loop as the input of feedback control algorithm.Control algorithm can comprise compensation term described above.
As described above, wastegate (, the wastegate 26 in Fig. 1) can be operated by actuator (, actuator 150).Wastegate can adjust to maintain the engine charge boost pressure level of expectation.In certain embodiments, actuator can be motor.When be applied to for activating wastegate electric motor time, shown Fig. 3 provides in 260 the extra details of the action of carrying out.For example method 301 can be moved by engine controller (, controller 12).Method 301 has been carried out especially the driving of wastegate and has also been solved in addition the variation in the magnetic field that electric motor produces, and magnetic field changes as the function of external temperature thereupon.
In 310 of method 301, determine the position of electric motor.First make measurement according to the type of the specific electric motor using.In an example, sensor can with and be used for measuring the linear displacement by the bar of electrical motor driven.Or motor can comprise the rotating coder that is placed in motor inside.Encoder is connected in motor and rotates on the slowest device, and it is connected in actuating rod.Such encoder can be in the gamut of device rotation, can be for example 180 degree, collects measured value.In this case, the output of encoder changes with motor rotation.In other example, motor comprises leading screw (, ball screw), and its rotation can be measured and for determining the position of waste gate valve.But in ball screw or other rotary devices can rotate the scopes by exceeding 180 and/or 360 degree time, diverse location encoder can be used.Can use various suitable encoders, for example, the variation of detection angle position rather than absolute position.
Next step, 320, measure or otherwise determine the pressure drop of electric motor terminal both sides.In an example, sense wire is used for feed signal and determines terminal voltage to analogue-to-digital converters, and it is used for supply engine controller (, the controller 12 in Fig. 1).Or, the electric current (if this amount is known maybe can measuring) that terminal voltage can absorb based on motor or be applied to poor and estimated between the counterelectromotive force that the voltage of actuator and actuator produce by knowing.Voltage estimate value also will be with respect to the loss causing due to electric lead and other conductive devices.
Next step, 330, the electric current that motor absorbs is determined.This for example can be determined by comprising current probe or sensor.Or electric current can calculate as actuator voltage (, terminal voltage) and the ratio of actuator resistance according to Ohm's law, if these two amounts are known or measurable and while resistance/temperature look-up table is available.
Next step, 340, the mobilization force that acts on wastegate (being the wastegate 26 in Fig. 1) will be determined.In an example, mobilization force is determined based on model.Or, be calculated and be used for determining mobilization force in the pressure difference of wastegate both sides.In another example, with comprising that the look-up table of wastegate position determines mobilization force.Such method can adopt one or more be arranged in sensor in motor 200 or the uses of sensor signal, comprise Mass Air Flow sensor 120, manifold air pressure sensors 122, throttle position signal TP, from the BOOST of sensor 123, with turbo charger speed signal, and selectively adopt one or more load transducers.
Next step, 350, will determine magnetic correction term.Be used for determining that the exemplary method in magnetic field is discussed in more detail below, especially with reference to Figure 4 and 5.In this case, motor can by drive exactly and be passed take into account magnet produce the changes of magnetic field being included in motor guarantee the boost pressure that provides suitable, changes of magnetic field changes along with temperature variation in range of operation.
Along with environment temperature increases, or at the first relatively high temperature, magnetic field can be suppressed and its intensity can reduce.Therefore the torque that, the motor under given electric current reaches also can decline.The loss of such torque can recently compensate by increasing voltage, signal intensity and/or being used for the duty of driven motor, because need more substantial torque fully activate waste gate valve.Otherwise in the time that environment temperature reduces, or at the second temperature lower than the first temperature, magnetic intensity can be larger.Therefore the torque reaching at the individual motor of determining under electric current will increase.Therefore, voltage, signal intensity and/or be used for the dutycycle of drive motor and can decline, because fully drive exhaust valve to need the torque of less amount.The whole bag of tricks can adopt one or more threshold values, and with convenient environment temperature, higher than threshold value, voltage or signal intensity increase, otherwise reduces during lower than threshold value when temperature.In certain embodiments, by determining the approximate environment temperature that obtains of temperature of motor magnet.As previously described, the magnetic flux that motor magnet produces is that the function of the temperature of its magnet also can be directly proportional or inverse ratio to temperature according to its material composition.Suppose magnetic flux and the temperature inverse change of electric actuator.But, method described herein can easily adapt to magnetic flux with temperature be directly proportional change situation.
In an example, for the electric current situation vertical with magnetic field, the equation F=BiL of magnetic field based on known determines.The first, the current i that offers motor can be by comprising that those various suitable methods described above determine.The power F that motor applies can record or determine by various suitable methods equally.The length L of the wire of loaded current just can be calculated based on the known attribute of motor in advance.Had this tittle, magnetic field correction just can be calculated and in the time driving wastegate, be used for determining to the magnetic field B that motor produces.Certain amount, as the power of electric motor, can not obtain or be not easy determining.Under these circumstances, comprise that the method for describing can be suitable for for determining motor magnetic field at interior additive method below in Figure 4 and 5.
Finally, 360, comprise that the voltage of magnetic correction term offers motor, thereby drive waste gate valve and provide suitable supercharging to motor.For example, pulse width modulating signal can be used for driving waste gate valve.For example, in an example, dutycycle can increase and increase along with temperature.
Like this, wastegate can be controlled exactly, guarantees that the supercharging of expecting can offer motor and keep the requirement in response to operating mode and driver simultaneously.In addition, by adjusting wastegate actuator based on magnetic field and adjusting based on the correction of magnet temperature, thereby can adapt to the changes of magnetic field causing due to temperature variation and can control more accurately actuator torque and therefore control more accurately wastegate position.
Turn to now Fig. 4, show the exemplary method 401 that additional detail while carrying out the action of carrying out in 350 is provided.Particularly, method 401 has been determined the magnetic field that motor magnet produces indirectly.
Method 401 starts from 410, is determined at this motor position.As previously mentioned, motor can comprise position encoder, can know thus motor position, but can adopt determine motor position another proper method and do not depart from scope of the present invention.
Next step, 420, will determine the angular velocity of motor.Can determine angular velocity by the various suitable methods of not leaving the scope of the invention.In the example of position encoder, the angular orientation that motor angular velocity can obtain by use calculated divided by the time lag being associated.Momentary angular speed can be calculated, or angular velocity can make the time average of multiple data points, or additive method filters out.
Next step, 430, the terminal voltage that is applied to motor electrical brush is determined as mentioned above.Terminal voltage can help to estimate motor magnetic field, is directly proportional and is directly proportional to motor angular velocity because can be approximately to the time-derivative of motor magnet magnetic flux phi.In addition, motor magnetic field can be by approximate obtaining that Φ and motor electrode area are multiplied each other.
Next step, 440, generate lookup table by motor angular velocity and the terminal voltage that provides as input.
Next step, 450, the lookup table generating in 440 is exported and is estimated motor magnet temperature, motor angular velocity and motor magnetic field.
Finally, 460, actual motor torque can estimate according to given electric current at current motor operation temperature.After motor torque, can be fed to motor position controller and improve the accuracy of motor position control, thus and the accuracy of raising wastegate positioning control.
Fig. 5 has shown the another kind of method 501 for manner of execution 301 steps 350.Especially, method 501 has been measured the magnetic field that near the temperature of motor magnet also produces with this measured value estimation motor.
In 510 of method 501, the winding resistance of motor is based on lower relation of plane: V=i 2r+K (d Φ/dt)+V brushcalculate, wherein V is terminal voltage, and i is motor current, and R is winding resistance, and K is constant, and Φ is magnetic flux, and t is the time, and Vbrush is the pressure drop at brush two ends.In certain embodiments, Vbrush can be 0.7 volt, every brush, but this information can be by before to obtaining in the test of motor or motor specification.In the situation of no longer moving at motor, magnetic flux quantifier can be left in the basket and relation is reduced to V=i 2r+V brush.Determine that, after above-mentioned amount, R has just obtained and winding resistance has just estimated.
520, magnet temperature estimates as the function of temperature by hypothesis winding resistance.As an example, every degree Celsius of variation 0.4% of the resistance of copper, but relation R=R i(1+ α (Δ T) can be for determining how winding resistance varies with temperature, and wherein R is winding resistance, and R1 is the winding resistance under initial temperature, and α is the expansion coefficient of specific winding material, and Δ T is the variation of temperature.Because the percentage of having determined resistance under every degree changes, and the winding resistance calculating, winding temperature just can estimate.In an example, because motor winding approaches motor magnet, magnet temperature can estimate by conductor temperature.
530, generate lookup table for estimating motor magnetic field.
In such situation, thereby the wastegate control causing due to the variation in the magnetic field of the wastegate actuator of the function by as temperature is demoted, less desirable turbosupercharger and the power operation bringing can reduce and/or eliminate.Because environment temperature raises, or at the first relatively high temperature, magnetic field can be suppressed and its intensity can weaken.Therefore the torque that, the motor under given electric current produces also can reduce.The loss of such torque can be by increasing voltage, signal intensity, and/or the duty of drive motor recently compensates, because need more torque fully drive wastegate valve.Conversely, in the time that environment temperature reduces, or in the time of the second temperature lower than the first temperature, magnetic intensity can be stronger.Therefore the torque that motor under given electric current produces can increase.So, voltage, signal intensity, and/or the dutycycle of drive motor can reduce, because need the torque of less amount fully to drive waste gate valve.
Note, the example control comprising in this article can be used with estimation program together with various motors and/or Vehicular system structure.Specific procedure described herein can represent one or more in the processing policy of any amount, such as event-driven, drives interrupts, Multi task, multithreading etc.Therefore, described exercises, operation or function can with shown in order, be performed concurrently, or be omitted in some cases.Similarly, the feature and advantage that realize example embodiment described herein not necessarily need described processing sequence, but release and illustrate and described processing sequence is provided for the ease of figure.Depend on used specific policy, one or more in shown action or function can be repeated to carry out.In addition, described action can represent to be incorporated into the code of the computer-readable recording medium in engine control system figure.
Should be understood that structure disclosed herein and program are exemplary in essence, and these specific embodiments are not considered to restrictive, because many variants are possible.For example, above-mentioned technology can be applied to V-6, I-4, I-6, V-12, opposed 4 cylinders and other engine type.In addition, one or more various system layout can be combined with one or more described diagnostic routine.Theme of the present disclosure comprise various systems disclosed herein and structure and other feature, function and/or character all novelties with non-obvious combination and sub-portfolio.
Claim has particularly pointed out and has been considered to novel and non-obvious some combination and sub-portfolio.These claims can relate to " one " element or " first " element or its equivalent.This claim is understood to include the combination of one or more such elements, both neither requiring nor excluding two or more such element.The combination of other of disclosed feature, function, element and/or performance and sub-portfolio can be by revising current claim or in the proposition of the new claim of this or related application and protected.These claims, no matter wider than the scope of original claim, narrower, be equal to or difference, be also deemed to be included in present disclosed theme.

Claims (10)

1. a method, comprises
Adjustment is connected to the wastegate actuator of the waste gate valve in engine exhaust, thus the engine booster level of control engine, the magnetic field of the magnet of this adjustment based in described wastegate actuator, described magnetic field is corrected based on magnet temperature.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein said adjustment comprises adjusting and is fed to the electric current of described actuator, and wherein said adjustment is also based on winding resistance, described resistance is based on temperature.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein said magnet temperature is based on delivery temperature and operating mode estimation.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein said adjustment also comprises, for the first material, when described magnet temperature reduces electric current during higher than threshold value under given actuator torque, when described magnet temperature increases electric current during lower than threshold value under described given torque, and for the second material, when described magnet temperature increases electric current during higher than threshold value under given actuator torque, and under described given torque, reduce electric current during lower than threshold value when described magnet temperature.
5. method according to claim 4, the lookup table of wherein said magnetic field based on having the input that comprises actuator position, actuator angular velocity and terminal voltage estimates.
6. method according to claim 4, wherein said magnetic field estimates based on lookup table, one or more in the conductor temperature of conductor resistance, resistance variations and the estimation of described lookup table based on actuator current, terminal voltage, brush voltage, estimation and generating.
7. by a method for electric actuator control engine turbosupercharger, comprising:
Estimation is arranged on the magnet temperature of the one or more magnet in described electric actuator;
The magnetic field of one or more magnet described in magnet temperature estimation based on estimating;
Determine magnetic field correction based on the described magnetic field estimating;
Use is revised definite electric current based on described magnetic field and is moved described electric actuator; With
Variation based on the described magnet temperature estimating is adjusted described magnetic field and is revised.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein said actuator comprises permanent magnet.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein said actuator is connected to the wastegate of described turbosupercharger.
10. method according to claim 9, the position of wherein said wastegate is revised and is controlled in desired locations based on described magnetic field, the engine booster level of described desired locations based on expecting.
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DE102013222868A1 (en) 2014-05-15
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