CN103804134A - Method for preparing high-grade alkanol from palm wax by reduction under pressure - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-grade alkanol from palm wax by reduction under pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN103804134A CN103804134A CN201210440643.9A CN201210440643A CN103804134A CN 103804134 A CN103804134 A CN 103804134A CN 201210440643 A CN201210440643 A CN 201210440643A CN 103804134 A CN103804134 A CN 103804134A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing high-grade alkanol from palm wax by reduction under pressure, which is characterized in that palm wax is used as a raw material, and the method comprises the following steps: heating a reducing agent, palm wax, and an organic solvent in a high pressure reaction vessel to 83-120 DEG C according to a mass ratio of reducing agent:palm wax:organic solvent of 1:10-30:10-60, reacting for 10-30 min; adding water, an organic solvent and HCl into the reaction product according to the mass ratio of palm wax:water:organic solvent:HCl of 1:10-30:0-30:0.1-0.9, performing reflux at 45-96 DEG C for 10-30 min; extracting the water phase, adding water and a hydrochloric acid solution into the organic phase, performing reflux at 45-96 DEG C for 10-30 min, adjusting the pH value to allow the solution to be neutral; extracting the water phase, drying the solvent in the organic phase by distillation, and cooling to obtain a solid which is the palm wax high-grade alkanol. The method of the invention has the advantages of simple process, easy operation, environment friendliness, safety, reaction under a middle or low pressure condition, low cost, high reaction conversion rate, good product quality, and suitability for industrial application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of palm wax and prepare the method for high triacontanol mixture, especially a kind of pressure reduction method is prepared the method for high triacontanol mixture.
Background technology
Palm wax is the wax that comes from palm tree, and the palm wax output of Brazil is larger.Natural carnauba wax claims again Ka Naba wax, is by ripe Ka Naba leaf, through drying, beat, paraffin removal, then by the fusing of powdery wax, filter that aftershaping gets.It is a kind of amorphous, glossy hard and tough wax, has pleasant smell; Can, by highly basic saponification, except the ouricury wax of a small amount of crude-grade, be the commodity natural wax the hardest, fusing point is the highest, palm wax can be converted into high triacontanol through saponification or reduction.
High triacontanol claims again high fatty alcohol, is to contain 12 chain saturated monohydroxy alcohols more than carbon atom.High triacontanol is extensively present in occurring in nature, but exists with natural free fatty alcohol form hardly, but exists with the form of wax ester.Both at home and abroad about the research of high triacontanol concentrates on C
22～C
36the technical fields such as preparation, separation and the utilization of alcohol mixture.Behenyl alcohol in high triacontanol mixture can be used for suppressing tumor of prostate; Tetracosanol can strengthen the function of neural factor; Hexacosyl alcohol has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effect; Octacosanol is universally acknowledged antifatigue material, and has the effect such as reducing blood-fat and sexual function improving; Triacontanol is plant-growth regulator, has the effect of Promoting plant growth.At present preparing by palm wax the method that high triacontanol adopts has: (l) saponification method: wax saponification under alkaline condition decomposed and remove after soap with calcium precipitation, then obtaining the mixture of high fatty alcohol with solvent extraction.This method technical process is long, adds the solvability of high-grade aliphatic ester in water and dispersed poor, so yield is lower, and product purity is not high, because the method will be used a large amount of alkali, and not only trivial operations, but also cause serious environmental pollution etc.(2) ester-interchange method: it is transesterification reaction that wax is carried out to alcoholysis, then according to the different boiling of reaction product, by the method for vacuum distilling, isolate different products, thereby obtain the method for the mixture of high fatty alcohol.The method chemical reaction process complexity, the reaction product kind obtaining is more, separates object product more difficult.(3) wax is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, then leaches the method for fatty alcohol through supercutical fluid.In the method, because the acidic hydrolysis of wax is a reversible reaction, its trim point depends on again the ratio of water and the character of ester, and the solubleness of wax basis in water is very little, therefore, under acidic conditions, wax is difficult to be distributed in water, is difficult to carry out so be hydrolyzed this step, and yield is lower.(4) first wax is carried out to enzyme decomposition, extract again afterwards the method for fatty alcohol.This wax that allows is through lipase or the zymolytic method of ester, it is the very promising biological extraction process of one, can under gentle condition, realize the hydrolysis of high-grade aliphatic ester, and the advantage of lipase maximum is that its selectivity is high, this comprises the selectivity of regioselectivity and fatty acid ester, so be the important directions of Future Development.But at present because the enzyme of decomposition wax is unstable, easily poisoning and deactivation, production cost is high, and processing condition are immature, therefore, still in groping property experimental stage, do not obtain commercial application.
Above several method is being prepared the part that all comes with some shortcomings aspect high triacontanol, but is all more traditional and conventional method.Preparing high triacontanol mixture take palm wax as raw material through reduction method have not been reported up till now.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of technique is succinct, easy handling, cost are low, mild condition, environmental friendliness, yield are high prepares the method for high triacontanol mixture by palm wax.
The present invention completes by following technical proposal: a kind of normal pressure reduction method is prepared the method for palm wax high triacontanol mixture, it is characterized in that through the following step:
A, press reductive agent: palm wax: organic solvent=1: the mass ratio of 10～30:10～60 is heated to 83～120 ℃ by reductive agent, palm wax and organic solvent, reaction 10～30 min in autoclave.
B, by palm wax: water: the mass ratio of organic solvent=1:10～30:0～30 adds water and organic solvent in reaction mixture, 45～96 ℃ of 10～30 min that reflux.
C, extraction water, add the water of 15～30 times of quality of palm wax and the HCl solution of a small amount of 2 M, 45～96 ℃ of 10～30 min that reflux; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards.
D, extraction water, the solvent in evaporate to dryness organic phase, is cooled to normal temperature, obtains block palm wax high triacontanol.
Described reductive agent can be Ranny-Ni, lithium aluminum hydride; Described organic solvent is one or more in the organic solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF).
The present invention has following advantages and effect: technique is succinct, easy handling, environmental friendliness safety, reaction in, under low pressure condition, carry out, the advantage such as cost is low, reaction conversion ratio is high, good product quality, suitability for industrialized application.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
A, press lithium aluminum hydride: the mass ratio of palm wax: tetrahydrofuran (THF)=1: 10:10 is heated to 83 ℃ by the lithium aluminum hydride of 1000 g palm waxs and respective quality and tetrahydrofuran (THF), reaction 10 min in autoclave.
B, by palm wax: the mass ratio of water: organic solvent=1:10:1 adds water and the tetrahydrofuran (THF) of respective quality in reaction mixture, 45 ℃ of 30 min that reflux.
C, extract water out, add HCl solution 1 L of 15 L water and 2 M, 45 ℃ of 20 min that reflux; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards.
D, extraction water, the solvent in evaporate to dryness organic phase, is cooled to normal temperature, obtains palm wax high triacontanol 1005 g.
Embodiment 2
A, press Ranny-Ni: the mass ratio of palm wax: methyl alcohol=1: 18:60 is heated to 90 ℃ by the Ranny-Ni of 10 kg palm waxs and respective quality and methyl alcohol, reaction 20 min in autoclave.
B, by palm wax: the mass ratio of water: methyl alcohol=1:20:10 adds water and the methyl alcohol of respective quality in reaction mixture, 50 ℃ of 20 min that reflux.
C, extract water out, add HCl solution 20 L of 50 L water and 2 M, 50 ℃ of 30 min that reflux; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards.
D, extraction water, the solvent in evaporate to dryness organic phase, is cooled to normal temperature, obtains palm wax high triacontanol 10.3 kg.
Embodiment 3
A, press lithium aluminum hydride: the mass ratio of palm wax: chloroform=1: 25:50 is heated to 110 ℃ by the lithium aluminum hydride of 20 kg palm waxs and respective quality and chloroform, reaction 10 min in autoclave.
B, by palm wax: the mass ratio of water: chloroform=1:30:20 adds water and the chloroform of respective quality in reaction mixture, 45 ℃ of 30 min that reflux.
C, extract water out, add HCl solution 50 L of 100 L water and 2 M, 45 ℃ of 20 min that reflux; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards.
D, extraction water, the solvent in evaporate to dryness organic phase, is cooled to normal temperature, obtains palm wax high triacontanol 20.2 kg.
Claims (4)
1. palm wax pressure reduction method is prepared a method for high triacontanol, and described high triacontanol refers to and contains 12 chain fatty alcohol more than carbon atom, it is characterized in that take palm wax as raw material process following steps:
A, press reductive agent: palm wax: organic solvent=1: the mass ratio of 10～30:10～60 is heated to 83～120 ℃ by reductive agent, palm wax and organic solvent, reaction 10～30 min in autoclave;
B, by palm wax: water: the mass ratio of organic solvent=1:10～30:0～30 adds water and organic solvent in reaction mixture, 45～96 ℃ of 10～30 min that reflux;
C, extraction water, add the water of 15～30 times of quality of palm wax and the HCl solution of a small amount of 2 M, 45～96 ℃ of 10～30 min that reflux; Extremely neutral by the pH value of 2 M NaOH solution regulator solutions afterwards;
D, extraction water, the solvent in evaporate to dryness organic phase, is cooled to normal temperature, obtains block palm wax high triacontanol.
2. palm wax pressure reduction method according to claim 1 is prepared the method for high triacontanol, and described reductive agent is the reductive agents such as Ranny-Ni, lithium aluminum hydride.
3. palm wax pressure reduction method according to claim 1 is prepared the method for high triacontanol, and water is tap water, tap water, distilled water described in step B.
4. palm wax pressure reduction method according to claim 1 is prepared the method for high triacontanol, and organic solvent is one or more in the organic solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF) described in step B.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210440643.9A CN103804134A (en) | 2012-11-07 | 2012-11-07 | Method for preparing high-grade alkanol from palm wax by reduction under pressure |
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| CN201210440643.9A CN103804134A (en) | 2012-11-07 | 2012-11-07 | Method for preparing high-grade alkanol from palm wax by reduction under pressure |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101293811A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2008-10-29 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Method for preparing advanced alkanol mixture with Chinese insect wax |
| CN101386562A (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2009-03-18 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Method for preparing policosanol mixture by nonsolvent reduction method |
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- 2012-11-07 CN CN201210440643.9A patent/CN103804134A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101293811A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2008-10-29 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Method for preparing advanced alkanol mixture with Chinese insect wax |
| CN101386562A (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2009-03-18 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Method for preparing policosanol mixture by nonsolvent reduction method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 张相年等: "含二十八烷醇的高碳醇少量制备", 《中国医药工业杂志》, vol. 33, no. 3, 31 December 2002 (2002-12-31), pages 112 - 144 * |
| 雷炳福: "二十八烷醇的应用与制备", 《西部粮油科技》, no. 3, 31 March 2003 (2003-03-31), pages 41 - 44 * |
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Application publication date: 20140521 |