CN103801695B - A kind of metal slip 3D prints without mould ejection forming method - Google Patents
A kind of metal slip 3D prints without mould ejection forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103801695B CN103801695B CN201410047500.0A CN201410047500A CN103801695B CN 103801695 B CN103801695 B CN 103801695B CN 201410047500 A CN201410047500 A CN 201410047500A CN 103801695 B CN103801695 B CN 103801695B
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002415 trichloroethylene Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 11
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of metal slip 3D to print without mould ejection forming method, 3D printing technique is combined with injection molding technology, injection molding process is utilized after being mixed homogeneously by metal dust, to make metal slip with organic binder bond, using this slip as the 3D raw material printed, 3D printing device is utilized to print according to data model layering, successively accumulate and obtain metal body, then obtaining complicated shape metal parts product by defat, sintering. The method can be prepared and comprise the part that the closing conventional injection such as cavity, complicated inner cavity shaping cannot be prepared, utilize 3D printing technique direct forming metal body, without mould, single-piece, small lot batch manufacture cost low, and powder stock is required low, reliability of technology is high, repeatability is strong, efficiency is high, it is easy to accomplish 3D printing technique prepares the industrialization of small-sized thin-wall complicated shaped metal parts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Metal Powder Forming Technology, belong to metallic element preparing technical field, in particular, provide a kind of metal slip 3D and print the method preparing small-sized thin-wall complicated shaped metal parts without mould injection moulding.
Background technology
3D printing technique is also known as three-dimensional printing technology, it is a kind of based on mathematical model file, Computer Design graph data out is imported 3D printing device, printer can jointing material built with powdery metal or plastics etc., by computer control, material laminate is added structure three-dimensional body, finally the blueprint on computer is become digitized in kind, intelligent increasing material manufacturing technology. At present, 3D printing technique quickly grows, and metal parts 3D prints, and represents 3D and prints the technology in forward position the most, obtains application in fields such as Aero-Space. But, existing 3D printing technique is costly, on the one hand owing to metal dust cost of material is high, it is necessary to fine size, good sphericity powder, high energy heating system need to be equipped with on the other hand and make powder stock melt, and whole forming process length consuming time, efficiency are low.
Powder injection forming is that prior powder metallurgy combines with modern plastics injection molding process and a kind of Novel powder metallurgy near-net-shape technology of being formed. Its basic process is: first by pressed powder and organic binder bond Homogeneous phase mixing, after granulating, with injection machine, bulk goods is injected condensation in die cavity in a heated state shape, then the binding agent elimination that will shape in base by the method for chemistry or thermal decomposition, last sintered densification obtains final products. The maximum feature of this technology is can directly to produce the parts with net shape, owing to this technology is uniform filling mold cavities shaped under flow regime, in die cavity, each point pressure is consistent, thus consistent in density, eliminate the compressing goods of prior powder metallurgy inevitably along the density gradient of pressing direction, can obtain the near-net-shape parts of uniform texture, excellent in mechanical performance, prepared by the batch being particularly suitable for small-sized thin-wall complicated Shape Parts. But, owing to injection forming product structure is complicated, die cost is significantly high, therefore the only competence exertion cost advantage when producing in enormous quantities. Additionally, some complex parts cannot prepare mould, as closed cavity, complicated inner cavity etc., limit the application of injection moulding.
The present invention provides a kind of small-sized three-dimensional complicated shape metal parts preparation method combined by 3D printing technique with injection molding technology, the technique preparing feeding first with injection moulding prepares metal slip, namely metal dust is mixed homogeneously in a heated state with organic binder bond and make slip, using this slip as the 3D raw material printed, 3D printing device is utilized to print according to data model layering, successively accumulate and obtain metal body, then obtaining small-sized thin-wall complicated shaped metal parts product by defat, sintering.Compared with conventional metals injection moulding, it is not necessary to mould, and the size of part, shape adaptability is higher. Print with the direct 3D of metal cost compared with technique low, to material powder requirement low, consuming time short, efficiency is high. Yet there are no and utilize metal slip 3D to print the relevant report preparing small-sized thin-wall complicated shaped metal parts method without mould injection moulding.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of metal slip 3D and print the method preparing small-sized thin-wall complicated shaped metal parts without mould injection moulding, metal slip is made with organic binder bond after being mixed homogeneously by metal dust, using this slip as the 3D raw material printed, utilize 3D printing technique to prepare metal body, obtain small-sized thin-wall complicated shaped metal parts through defat, sintering. Its concrete technology flow process and parameter are as follows:
1) binding agent is prepared: paraffin, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, stearic acid are mixed in proportion and make binding agent, wherein paraffin content to be 45 ~ 75wt.%, high density polyethylene (HDPE) content be 10 ~ 25wt.%, polypropylene content are 10 ~ 20wt.%, stearic acid content is 5 ~ 10wt.%, the binding agent of this composition can ensure that being heated to 120 ~ 170 DEG C can be fused into viscous liquid, is cooled to energy rapid solidification when 20 ~ 30 DEG C;
2) metal slip is prepared: being mixed homogeneously by the metal dust of above-mentioned binding agent and particle mean size 5 ~ 30 ��m and make metal slip, in slip, metal dust content is 45 ~ 60vol.%;
3) data modeling: utilize 3D sculpting software design elements model, particularly there is the small-sized thin-wall complicated shaped three dimensional part model closing cavity, complicated inner cavity, part model carries out hierarchy slicing process, and synusia thickness is 0.05mm ~ 0.25mm, obtains the three-dimensional modeling data of part;
4) 3D prints: the three-dimensional modeling data of part is imported in 3D printing device, and printer nozzle temperature is 120 DEG C ~ 170 DEG C. Putting into metal body slip to print according to three-dimensional data model, the rapid cooled and solidified of metal slip after layering printing, successively accumulation forms 3D and prints metal body;
5) defat: 3D prints metal body and adopts solvent degreasing and thermal debinding two step degreasing process, first in trichloro ethylene liquid 40 ~ 60 DEG C carry out solvent degreasing 6 ~ 10h, then carrying out thermal debinding in heating furnace and presintering obtains presintered compact, temperature is 400 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C, and the time is 5 ~ 20h;
6) sintering: continuing to heat up in above-mentioned heating furnace, presintering base substrate sinters 1 ~ 5h in 550 ~ 1500 DEG C of temperature ranges can obtain required small-sized thin-wall complicated shaped metal parts.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the characteristics that:
1) parts shape strong adaptability: 3D prints to prepare and closes the thin-wall complicated Shape Parts that the shaping of the conventional injection such as cavity, complicated inner cavity cannot be prepared;
2) without mould: feeding need to be injected die forming and go out base substrate by conventional injection forming technology, and the present invention utilizes metal slip 3D to print direct forming base substrate, it is not necessary to mould;
3) powder stock requires low: the direct 3D of metal prints needs high-quality powder stock, and the sphericity of powder is high, fine size and even particle size distribution, must with alloyed powder for raw material when preparing alloy; And the present invention is low to the requirement of powder stock, and element powders can be used;
4) be prone to industrialization: compared with the direct 3D printing-forming of metal, cost of the present invention is low, reliability is high, repeatable by force, it is easy to industrialized production.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: utilize titanium aluminum slip 3D to print and prepare small-sized thin-wall complicated shape titanium aluminum part without mould injection moulding
1) binding agent is prepared: paraffin, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, stearic acid are mixed in proportion and make binding agent, wherein paraffin content to be 75wt.%, high density polyethylene (HDPE) content be 10wt.%, polypropylene content are 10wt.%, stearic acid content is 5wt.%, the binding agent of this composition can ensure that being heated to 120 DEG C can be fused into viscous liquid, is cooled to energy rapid solidification when 20 DEG C;
2) titanium aluminum base substrate slip is prepared: being mixed homogeneously by the titanium aluminium powder of above-mentioned binding agent and particle mean size 30 ��m and make titanium aluminum slip, in slip, titanium aluminium powder content is 60vol.%;
3) data modeling: utilize 3D sculpting software design elements model, particularly there is the small-sized thin-wall complicated Shape Parts model closing cavity, complicated inner cavity, part model carries out hierarchy slicing process, and synusia thickness is 0.05mm, obtains the three-dimensional modeling data of part;
4) 3D prints: the three-dimensional modeling data of part is imported in 3D printing device, and printer nozzle temperature is 120 DEG C. Putting into titanium aluminum slip to print according to three-dimensional data model, the titanium rapid cooled and solidified of aluminum slip after layering printing, successively accumulation forms 3D and prints titanium aluminum base substrate;
5) defat: 3D prints titanium aluminum base substrate and adopts solvent degreasing and thermal debinding two step degreasing process, first in trichloro ethylene liquid 40 DEG C carry out solvent degreasing 10h, then carrying out thermal debinding in heating furnace and presintering obtains presintered compact, temperature is 1000 DEG C, and the time is 5h;
6) sintering: continue to heat up in above-mentioned heating furnace, presintering base substrate sinters 1h at 1500 DEG C can obtain required small-sized thin-wall complicated shape titanium aluminum part.
Embodiment 2: utilize aluminium powder slip 3D to print and prepare small-sized thin-wall complicated shape aluminum part without mould injection moulding
1) binding agent is prepared: paraffin, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, stearic acid are mixed in proportion and make binding agent, wherein paraffin content to be 45wt.%, high density polyethylene (HDPE) content be 25wt.%, polypropylene content are 20wt.%, stearic acid content is 10wt.%, the binding agent of this composition can ensure that being heated to 170 DEG C can be fused into viscous liquid, is cooled to energy rapid solidification when 30 DEG C;
2) aluminium powder slip is prepared: being mixed homogeneously by the aluminium powder of above-mentioned binding agent and particle mean size 10 ��m and make aluminium powder slip, in slip, content of aluminium powder is 45vol.%;
3) data modeling: utilize 3D sculpting software design elements model, particularly there is the small-sized thin-wall complicated Shape Parts model closing cavity, complicated inner cavity, part model carries out hierarchy slicing process, and synusia thickness is 0.25mm, obtains the three-dimensional modeling data of part;
4) 3D prints: the three-dimensional modeling data of part is imported in 3D printing device, and printer nozzle temperature is 170 DEG C. Putting into aluminium powder slip to print according to three-dimensional data model, the rapid cooled and solidified of aluminium powder slip after layering printing, successively accumulation forms 3D and prints aluminium powder base substrate;
5) defat: 3D prints aluminium powder base substrate and adopts solvent degreasing and thermal debinding two step degreasing process, first in trichloro ethylene liquid 60 DEG C carry out solvent degreasing 6h, then carrying out thermal debinding in heating furnace and presintering obtains presintered compact, temperature is 400 DEG C, and the time is 20h;
6) sintering: continue to heat up in above-mentioned heating furnace, presintering base substrate sinters 5h at 550 DEG C can obtain required small-sized thin-wall complicated shape aluminum part.
Claims (1)
1. a metal slip 3D prints without mould ejection forming method, it is characterised in that:
Step one, preparing binding agent: paraffin, high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene, stearic acid are mixed in proportion and make binding agent, wherein paraffin content to be 45 ~ 75wt.%, high density polyethylene (HDPE) content be 10 ~ 25wt.%, polypropylene content are 10 ~ 20wt.%, stearic acid content is 5 ~ 10wt.%;
Step 2, prepare metal slip: being mixed homogeneously by the metal dust of above-mentioned binding agent and particle mean size 5 ~ 30 ��m and make metal slip, in slip, metal dust content is 45 ~ 60vol.%;
Step 3, data modeling: utilize 3D sculpting software design elements model, carry out hierarchy slicing process by part model, and synusia thickness is 0.05mm ~ 0.25mm, obtains the three-dimensional modeling data of part;
Step 4,3D print: the three-dimensional modeling data of part is imported in 3D printing device, printer nozzle temperature is 120 DEG C ~ 170 DEG C, putting into metal slip to print according to three-dimensional data model, the rapid cooled and solidified of metal slip after layering printing, successively accumulation forms 3D and prints metal body;
Step 5, defat: 3D prints metal body and adopts solvent degreasing and thermal debinding two step degreasing process, first in trichloro ethylene liquid 40 ~ 60 DEG C carry out solvent degreasing 6 ~ 10h, then in heating furnace, carry out thermal debinding and presintering obtains presintered compact, temperature is 400 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C, and the time is 5 ~ 20h;
Step 6, sintering: continuing to heat up in above-mentioned heating furnace, presintering base substrate sinters 1 ~ 5h in 550 ~ 1500 DEG C of temperature ranges, obtains required metallic element.
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| CN103801695B true CN103801695B (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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