CN103789563A - Preparation method for TiB/Ti gradient composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method for TiB/Ti gradient composite material Download PDF

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CN103789563A
CN103789563A CN201410023185.8A CN201410023185A CN103789563A CN 103789563 A CN103789563 A CN 103789563A CN 201410023185 A CN201410023185 A CN 201410023185A CN 103789563 A CN103789563 A CN 103789563A
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tib
powder
graphite jig
preparation
composite material
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CN103789563B (en
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张朝晖
王富耻
卢继方
王丽芬
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method for a ceramic/metal gradient composite material, in particular relates to a TiB/Ti gradient composite material and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation. The preparation method comprises the specific steps of centrifugally mixing sponge titanium powder and TiB2 powder according to a mass ratio of (7:3)-(4:1), putting the mixed powder into a discharge plasma system for sintering and cooling, and taking out a sintered body and grinding a sintered body to prepare the TiB/Ti gradient composite material. The gradient change of the TiB volume content is 1-50 percent in the thickness direction. The prepared composite material is light in mass and high in mechanical performance; the preparation method is simple in steps and is easy to operate.

Description

A kind of preparation method of TiB/Ti gradient composites
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of ceramic/metal gradient composites, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of TiB/Ti gradient composites, belong to matrix material preparing technical field.
Background technology
Gradient material refers to the character such as component, microstructure, concentration, a kind of material changing with space or Time Continuous, and its research and development has become the advanced subject of present material research.Based on existing Ceramic Reinforced MMCs, develop a kind of pottery and strengthened titanium base gradient composite material-TiB/Ti gradient composites, its composition becomes continuous gradient to distribute with performance at thickness direction, the side that TiB content is high, there is high rigidity, high strength, the opposite side good toughness that titanium content is high, the advantage of simultaneously having taken into account pottery and metal has a good application prospect aspect armoring.
This material method of preparation has hot pressing sintering method, cast-forming method etc. at present.But there is power consumption, time-consuming in hot-pressing sintering method, causing that wild phase is grown up declines material property, cast-forming method be difficult to overcome matrix and reinforcement non-wetting, surface reaction generation fragility, reinforcement skewness, to small (submicron and nano level) reinforcement extremely difficulty carry out the shortcomings such as compound.In prior art, also do not report discharge plasma sintering preparation method.
In order to improve the capability of resistance to penetration of armour material, need armoring hardness high, Young's modulus is large.Therefore the invention provides a kind of method that new preparation has the matrix material of continuous gradient, make a side ceramic content maximum, meet this needs.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming wild phase abnormal growth, skewness in prior art, the shortcomings such as basic and reinforcement non-wetting, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of TiB/Ti gradient composites, utilize ceramic phase and metallographic phase in the preparation-obtained matrix material of the method, can realize gradient continuous distribution at thickness direction according to design, and make maximum ceramic phase content reach 50%.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A preparation method for TiB/Ti gradient composites, described method concrete steps are:
Step 1, spongy titanium powder is put into graphite jig, then by TiB 2powder is positioned on spongy titanium powder uniformly;
Wherein, described spongy titanium powder and TiB 2the mass ratio of powder is 7:3～4:1;
Described TiB 2powder size is 5～20 microns, and described spongy titanium powder granularity is 0.3～1.2 millimeter;
Step 2, the graphite jig that mixed powder is housed is positioned over to centrifugal mixing in ball mill with the graphite jig symmetrical balance of the spongy titanium powder that equal quality is housed, described drum's speed of rotation is 30～60 rpms, and centrifugal mixing time is 5～15 minutes;
Step 3, be placed in plasma discharging system and carry out sintering the graphite jig of mixed powder is housed after the centrifugal mixing of step 2: described sintering process vacuum tightness is less than 10Pa, original pressure is 0～1MPa, temperature rise rate is 100 ℃ of per minutes, be warming up to 1150～1350 ℃, pressure is adjusted to 50MPa, soaking time 2～5 minutes, mixed powder changes sintered compact into;
Ti and TiB in sintering process 2in-situ authigenic reaction occurs and generate wild phase TiB, chemical equation is:
Ti+TiB 2=2TiB （1）
Step 4, by discharge degree, in the time that graphite jig temperature is reduced to below 200 ℃, graphite jig is taken out from body of heater.Treat that described die temperature is cooled to room temperature, sintered compact is taken out, graphite sintered compact surface being adhered to through 800# metallographic carborundum paper all polishes off until surface-brightening is smooth, prepares described TiB/Ti gradient composites.
Described TiB volume content graded on thickness direction is 1%～50%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Method of the present invention, overcome matrix and reinforcement non-wetting, surface reaction produce fragility, reinforcement skewness, to small (submicron and nano level) reinforcement extremely difficulty carry out compound, power consumption, the shortcoming such as time-consuming, can make ceramic phase and metallographic phase through-thickness in matrix material realize gradient continuous distribution, maximum ceramic volumetric content can reach 50%, prepared matrix material quality is light, good mechanical performance, and preparation method's step is simple, easy and simple to handle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is gradient composites schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the microtexture photo of embodiment on thickness direction.
Embodiment
In order to understand better the present invention, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, select the TiB of 5 microns of particle diameters 2with particle diameter be the spongy titanium powder of 0.3 millimeter in mass ratio for 4:1 nominal is got 66 grams, first spongy titanium powder is put in the graphite jig of 50 millimeters of internal diameters, 105 millimeters, high 80 millimeters of external diameters, after by TiB 2powder is positioned on spongy titanium powder uniformly;
Step 2, the graphite jig that mixed powder is housed is positioned over to centrifugal mixing in ball mill with the graphite jig symmetrical balance of the spongy titanium powder that equal quality is housed, described drum's speed of rotation is 30 rpms, and centrifugal mixing time is 5 minutes;
Step 3, be placed in plasma discharging system and carry out sintering the graphite jig of mixed powder is housed after the centrifugal mixing of step 2: described sintering process sintering vacuum tightness is less than 10 handkerchiefs, original pressure is 0～1MPa, temperature rise rate is 100 ℃ of per minutes, be warming up to 1150 ℃, pressure is adjusted to 50MPa, soaking time 2 minutes, mixed powder changes sintered compact into;
Ti and TiB in sintering process 2in-situ authigenic reaction occurs and generate wild phase TiB, chemical equation is:
Ti+TiB 2=2TiB （1）
After finishing, step 4, insulation by discharge degree, in the time that graphite jig temperature is reduced to 100 ℃, graphite jig is taken out from body of heater.Treat that described die temperature is cooled to room temperature, sintered compact is taken out, graphite sintered compact surface being adhered to through 800# metallographic carborundum paper all polishes off until surface-brightening is smooth, prepares described TiB/Ti gradient composites.
As shown in Figure 1, gradient composites thickness prepared by the present invention is 7.5 millimeters, and on thickness direction continuous distribution in gradient, described TiB volume content graded on thickness direction is 1%～50%.
Thickness direction materials observe Electronic Speculum organize photo as shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 has just illustrated content continuous distribution on thickness direction of ceramic phase and metallographic phase.On as the thickness direction of figure, photo upper part that Ti content is high shows crystal boundary and the matrix titanium crystal grain of the titanium forming after sintering, and the high photo lower part of TiB content shows bar-shaped the TiB wild phase being evenly distributed and titanium matrix.
Sintered compact has been carried out to anti-bullet target has a try and tests, test is 7.62mm bore ballistic rifle with rifle, bullet is 56 formula WO-1090 armour piercing incendiary shelies, steel core hardness is HRC63-65, ammunition is for completely filling propelling charge, bullet speed is at 740 ± 10m/s, and target plate is positioned in apart from the rectangle at 7.62mm bore ballistic rifle 8m place and supports on target holder.Speed measuring device is at a distance of the aluminium foil that tests the speed for 0.8m apart from two of muzzle 6m place.Muzzle height with test the speed aluminium foil He Batai center in line, the backboard adopting is A3 steel homogeneous target, density is 7.8g/cm 3.Protecting factor passes through formula:
N = ( P 0 - P r ) · ρ b ρ T · δ T
P 0refer to that bullet is dark without wearing in target plate situation, Pr refers to that backboard remnants wear deeply, ρ brefer to backboard density, ρ Τrefer to target plate density, δ Τrefer to target plate thickness;
In the present embodiment, P 0for 21.43mm, Pr is 9.67mm, ρ bfor 7.8g/cm 3, ρ tfor 4.48g/cm 3, δ Τfor 7.5mm.
Can be calculated: N=2.73, improved closely 40% than common alloy of titanium (under the equal experiment condition of TC4 titanium alloy, protecting factor is 2.01), this result is just showing that gradient composites significantly improves than the protective capacities of body material titanium alloy.
Embodiment 2
Step 1, select the TiB of 10 microns of particle diameters 2with particle diameter be the spongy titanium powder of 0.6 millimeter in mass ratio for 3:1 nominal is got 66 grams, first spongy titanium powder is put in the graphite jig of 50 millimeters of internal diameters, 105 millimeters, high 80 millimeters of external diameters, after by TiB 2powder is positioned on spongy titanium powder uniformly;
Step 2, the graphite jig that mixed powder is housed is positioned over to centrifugal mixing in ball mill with the graphite jig symmetrical balance of the spongy titanium powder that equal quality is housed, described drum's speed of rotation is 45 rpms, and centrifugal mixing time is 10 minutes;
Step 3, be placed in plasma discharging system and carry out sintering the graphite jig of mixed powder is housed after the centrifugal mixing of step 2: described sintering process sintering vacuum tightness is less than 10 handkerchiefs, original pressure is 0～1MPa, temperature rise rate is 100 ℃ of per minutes, be warming up to 1200 ℃, pressure is adjusted to 50MPa, soaking time 3 minutes, mixed powder changes sintered compact into;
Ti and TiB in sintering process 2in-situ authigenic reaction occurs and generate wild phase TiB, chemical equation is:
Ti+TiB 2=2TiB （1）
After finishing, step 4, insulation by discharge degree, in the time that graphite jig temperature is reduced to 200 ℃, graphite jig is taken out from body of heater.Treat that described die temperature is cooled to room temperature, sintered compact is taken out, graphite sintered compact surface being adhered to through 800# metallographic carborundum paper all grinds away until surface-brightening is smooth, prepares described TiB/Ti gradient composites.
Gradient composites thickness prepared by the present invention is 7.5 millimeters, and on thickness direction continuous distribution in gradient, similar Fig. 1, described TiB volume content graded on thickness direction is 1%～50%.Thickness direction materials observe Electronic Speculum organize the similar Fig. 2 of photo, the content of ceramic phase and metallographic phase continuous distribution on thickness direction.
Sintered compact has been carried out having a try and testing with the identical anti-bullet target of embodiment 1 experiment condition, and can be calculated protecting factor is 2.91.
Embodiment 3
Step 1, select the TiB of 20 microns of particle diameters 2with particle diameter be the spongy titanium powder of 1.2 millimeters in mass ratio for 7:3 nominal is got 66 grams, first spongy titanium powder is put in the graphite jig of 50 millimeters of internal diameters, 105 millimeters, high 80 millimeters of external diameters, after by TiB 2powder is positioned on spongy titanium powder uniformly;
Step 2, the graphite jig that mixed powder is housed is positioned over to centrifugal mixing in ball mill with the graphite jig symmetrical balance of the spongy titanium powder that equal quality is housed, described drum's speed of rotation is 60 rpms, and centrifugal mixing time is 15 minutes;
Step 3, be placed in plasma discharging system and carry out sintering the graphite jig of mixed powder is housed after the centrifugal mixing of step 2: described sintering process sintering vacuum tightness is less than 10 handkerchiefs, original pressure is 0～1MPa, temperature rise rate is 100 ℃ of per minutes, be warming up to 1350 ℃, pressure is adjusted to 50MPa, soaking time 5 minutes, mixed powder changes sintered compact into;
Ti and TiB in sintering process 2in-situ authigenic reaction occurs and generate wild phase TiB, chemical equation is:
Ti+TiB 2=2TiB （1）
After finishing, step 4, insulation by discharge degree, in the time that graphite jig temperature is reduced to 150 ℃, graphite jig is taken out from body of heater.Treat that described die temperature is cooled to room temperature, sintered compact is taken out, graphite sintered compact surface being adhered to through 800# metallographic carborundum paper all grinds away until surface-brightening is smooth, prepares described TiB/Ti gradient composites.
Gradient composites thickness prepared by the present invention is 7.5 millimeters, and on thickness direction continuous distribution in gradient, similar Fig. 1, described TiB volume content graded on thickness direction is 1%～50%.Thickness direction materials observe Electronic Speculum organize the similar Fig. 2 of photo, the content of ceramic phase and metallographic phase continuous distribution on thickness direction.
Sintered compact has been carried out having a try and testing with the identical anti-bullet target of embodiment 1 experiment condition, and can be calculated protecting factor is 2.79.

Claims (1)

1. a preparation method for TiB/Ti gradient composites, is characterized in that, described method concrete steps are:
Step 1, spongy titanium powder is put into graphite jig, then by TiB 2powder is positioned on spongy titanium powder uniformly;
Wherein, described spongy titanium powder and TiB 2the mass ratio of powder is 7:3～4:1;
Described TiB 2powder size is 5～20 microns, and described spongy titanium powder granularity is 0.3～1.2 millimeter;
Step 2, the graphite jig that mixed powder is housed is positioned over to centrifugal mixing in ball mill with the graphite jig symmetrical balance of the spongy titanium powder that equal quality is housed, described drum's speed of rotation is 30～60 rpms, and centrifugal mixing time is 5～15 minutes;
Step 3, be placed in plasma discharging system and carry out sintering the graphite jig of mixed powder is housed after the centrifugal mixing of step 2: described sintering process vacuum tightness is less than 10Pa, original pressure is 0～1MPa, temperature rise rate is 100 ℃ of per minutes, be warming up to 1150～1350 ℃, pressure is adjusted to 50MPa, soaking time 2～5 minutes, mixed powder changes sintered compact into;
Ti and TiB in sintering process 2in-situ authigenic reaction occurs and generate wild phase TiB, chemical equation is:
Ti+TiB 2=2TiB （1）
Step 4, by discharge degree, in the time that graphite jig temperature is reduced to below 200 ℃, graphite jig is taken out from body of heater; Treat that described die temperature is cooled to room temperature, sintered compact is taken out, graphite sintered compact surface being adhered to through 800# metallographic carborundum paper all polishes off until surface-brightening is smooth, prepares described TiB/Ti gradient composites.
CN201410023185.8A 2014-01-17 2014-01-17 A kind of preparation method of TiB/Ti gradient composites Expired - Fee Related CN103789563B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106631031A (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-05-10 北京理工大学 Rapid preparation method of TiB-TiB2 composite ceramics
CN109396447A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-03-01 武汉理工大学 A kind of hollow pipe fitting forming method based on grain size distribution titanium diboride and titanium gradient composites
CN109550961A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-02 武汉理工大学 A kind of centrifugal burning method of thin-wall pipe functionally graded material
CN113560604A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-29 山东大学 Selective laser melting nickel-based gradient nanocomposite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN115772611A (en) * 2022-12-12 2023-03-10 上海交通大学 Preparation method of gradient titanium-based composite material of multi-stage network structure composite lamination

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106631031A (en) * 2016-09-14 2017-05-10 北京理工大学 Rapid preparation method of TiB-TiB2 composite ceramics
CN106631031B (en) * 2016-09-14 2019-08-16 北京理工大学 A kind of TiB-TiB2The fast preparation method of composite ceramics
CN109396447A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-03-01 武汉理工大学 A kind of hollow pipe fitting forming method based on grain size distribution titanium diboride and titanium gradient composites
CN109550961A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-02 武汉理工大学 A kind of centrifugal burning method of thin-wall pipe functionally graded material
CN109550961B (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-12-08 武汉理工大学 Centrifugal sintering method of thin-wall pipe functional gradient material
CN113560604A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-29 山东大学 Selective laser melting nickel-based gradient nanocomposite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN115772611A (en) * 2022-12-12 2023-03-10 上海交通大学 Preparation method of gradient titanium-based composite material of multi-stage network structure composite lamination

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