CN103788928A - Method for preparing white snow-melting agent by using pyroligneous liquor and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing white snow-melting agent by using pyroligneous liquor and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103788928A CN103788928A CN201410033297.1A CN201410033297A CN103788928A CN 103788928 A CN103788928 A CN 103788928A CN 201410033297 A CN201410033297 A CN 201410033297A CN 103788928 A CN103788928 A CN 103788928A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- snow
- cma
- liquid
- melting agent
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a white snow-melting agent prepared by using pyroligneous liquor and a method for preparing white snow-melting agent by using pyroligneous liquor. The method comprises the following steps: distilling pyroligneous liquor under the conditions of a pressure of 0.01+/-0.005 MPa and a temperature of 68+/-2 DEG C to obtain a colorless pyroligneous liquor; making the distilled pyroligneous liquor, calcium carbonate and basic magnesium carbonate react for 50-60 min at a temperature of 30-35 DEG C according to a ratio of (4-6):1:1 mol to prepare a colorless CMA (Calcium Magnesium Acetate) liquid snow-melting agent liquid; spraying and drying the colorless CMA liquid snow-melting agent liquid to obtain a CMA white solid snow-melting agent. The snow-melting agent is applied to accumulated snow with excellent effect. The CMA type environment-friendly snow-melting agent is prepared from a biomass effluent, an environment-friendly type snow-melting agent which is low in cost and free from chlorine damage can be provided for road deicing and snow-melting, and the CMA is a good corrosion remover and plays a role in protecting facilities such as roads, bridge facilities, and concrete members. The pyroligneous liquor is from one of byproducts from pyrolysis of the biomass waste through destructive distillation, and is a main energy of a sustainable development energy system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to snow-clearing technique, particularly relate to a kind of white Snow Agent method and application of being prepared by wood vinegar.
Background technology
China big and medium-sized cities traditional snow melting de-icing method in winter is to use salt solution.Although salt solution is harmless to bituminous pavement, but exist and be much difficult to the defect that overcomes in other respects: as the corrosion failure to road, bridge facility and concrete member, " salt damage " to flowers, plants and trees and even farm crop, import after rivers and lakes polluted-water, if permeate the ground water, drink this water, will cause very big harm etc. to HUMAN HEALTH.
For guaranteeing the facilities such as ecotope and road, the active research environment-friendly snowmelt agents such as the U.S., Canada, Northern Europe.Calcium acetate magnesium salt (CMA) be the 1980s U.S. substitute a kind of environment-friendly snowmelt ice chemistry product of developing of salt, compared with NaCl, CMA have fusing point low, biodegradable, corrosion-free to road and bridge facility and concrete member, soil and water source are not polluted etc.But one of the raw material of preparation CMA Glacial acetic acid price is higher, and CMA is exceeded more than 30 times than NaCl price, has restricted thus the generally use of CMA Snow Agent.
In addition, also have research and development, use Potassium ethanoate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (price is all higher than CMA).
At present, also the Snow Agent that prepared by useful wood vinegar, so preparation and performance study of a kind of low-cost environment-friendly Snow Agent such as Ying Mei, Liaoning chemical industry, the 36th the 1st phase of volume, in the document of in January, 2007 invention, illustrate: get the wood vinegar of quantitative known acid content, add excessive ground dolomite, stir, at room temperature react 30～50min; Filter, obtain black or Vandyke brown filtrate; By filtrate activated carbon decolorizing, filter to obtain liquid CMA class Snow Agent.Filtrate evaporative crystallization or underflow spraying are dried to obtain to solid CMA class Snow Agent.
We learn through experimental verification: owing to containing large amount of organic in wooden vinegar stoste, if by wooden vinegar stoste and ground dolomite direct effect, the black obtaining or deep brown solution, no matter add charcoal absorption or all can not be decoloured through hydrogen peroxide, the bleaching of hypochlorite bleach liquid, as directly applied to Snow Agent, by clean the road surface that affects the facility such as road, bridge, cause secondary pollution.And again because calcium-magnesium content in ground dolomite is very low, do not reach the data of the calcium-magnesium content 50% that producer provides, if transform by its reaction that feeds intake, cost adds magnesium basic carbonate higher than industrial calcium carbonate.
Summary of the invention
According to the problem of current existence, we are studied and test, propose to react the processing method transforming after first rectifying, first utilize biomass waste material (wheat straw bar, jujube nucleus, wood chip etc.) produce in carbonization charcoal processing and fuel gas process chocolate waste liquid---(current wood vinegar index is wood vinegar: acetic acid content is 6～12%, propionic acid 0.6%, formic acid 0.3%, pH=2.5), as the source of acetic acid cheaply, make near-white CMA environment-friendly snowmelt agent cheaply, method simple possible, overcome CMA class environment-friendly snowmelt agent because of acetic acid valency high, coloured, make it can not popularize the defect of use.
A kind of white Snow Agent of being prepared by wood vinegar and the concrete technical scheme of method that the present invention proposes are as follows;
A method for the white Snow Agent of being prepared by wood vinegar, step is as follows:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate by the mol ratio of 4～6:1:1 in 30～35 ℃, reaction 50～60min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
The spray-dried CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains of described colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
By in Snow Agent application of the present invention and accumulated snow, effect excellence.
After liquid CMA Snow Agent and tap water are doubly diluted according to volume 1:1～1:2, at 1～2.5m
2on road surface after accumulated snow is compacted, evenly spray diluent 1.5～2.0L, after 1h, accumulated snow has obvious thawing effect, and after 24h, road snow all melts.
By pressed powder CMA Snow Agent 5～10g, be evenly sprinkling upon area and be about 0.05～0.12m
2, Snow Thickness is about on the ground of 2～3cm, after 30min, accumulated snow melts completely, and after the snow process that falls in this pilot region without accumulated snow.
Technical matters of the present invention is simplified, unit operation is simple, personnel and equipment investment is less, energy consumption is lower.
Prepare CMA class environment-friendly snowmelt agent by biomass waste liquid; can be the environmental type Snow Agent that road deicing snow melting provides a kind of low cost and eradicates chlorine evil; CMA is again good sanitas simultaneously, and the facilities such as road, bridge facility and concrete member are played a protective role.Most importantly wood vinegar is one of by product deriving from carbonization biomass waste material, by being a kind of low cost acetic acid source that has development prospect, is the main energy sources of sustainable development source system.
Embodiment
First the CMA Snow Agent structure with X-ray diffraction, the acetum pyrolignosum rectificatum liquid after underpressure distillation and calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate being made is measured, and obtains the typical structure sign of calcium magnesium acetate element salt.
Liquid Snow Agent produce example:
Embodiment 1:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, press 4:1:1mol ratio with calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate, corresponding quality is 2400g:100g:97g, and at 35 ℃, reaction 60min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
Embodiment 2:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, press 5:1:1mol ratio with calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate, corresponding quality is 3000g:100g:97g, and at 35 ℃, reaction 50min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
Embodiment 3:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, press 6:1:1mol ratio with calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate, corresponding quality is 3600g:100g:97g, and at 33 ℃, reaction 50min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
Embodiment 4:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, press 6:1:1mol ratio with calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate, corresponding quality is 3600g:100g:97g, and at 30 ℃, reaction 50min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
Embodiment 5:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, press 5:1:1mol ratio with calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate, corresponding quality is 3000g:100g:97g, and at 32 ℃, reaction 56min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
Embodiment 6:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, press 5:1:1mol ratio with calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate, corresponding quality is 3000g:100g:97g, and at 32 ℃, reaction 50min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
Embodiment 7:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, press 4.5:1:1mol ratio with calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate, corresponding quality is 2700g:100g:97g, and at 35 ℃, reaction 60min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
Solid Snow Agent produce example:
Example 1: by embodiment 1 gained CMA liquid, the spray-dried 84g CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains.
Example 2: by embodiment 2 gained CMA liquid, the spray-dried 83.37g CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains.
Example 3: by embodiment 3 gained CMA liquid, the spray-dried 84.60g CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains.
Example 4: by embodiment 4 gained CMA liquid, the spray-dried 83.90g CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains.
Example 5: by embodiment 5 gained CMA liquid, the spray-dried 83.25g CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains.
Example 6: by embodiment 6 gained CMA liquid, the spray-dried 83.05g CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains.
Example 7: by embodiment 7 gained CMA liquid, the spray-dried 84.01g CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains.
The application example of Snow Agent:
Embodiment 1: get 2L colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent and tap water according to after volume ratio 1:1 dilution, get 1.5L diluent and be evenly sprinkling upon 1m
2on road surface after accumulated snow is compacted, after 1h, accumulated snow has obvious thawing effect, and after 24h, road snow all melts.Embodiment 2: get 2L colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent and tap water according to after volume ratio 1:2 dilution, get 1.5L diluent and be evenly sprinkling upon 1.5m
2on road surface after accumulated snow is compacted, after 1h, accumulated snow has obvious thawing effect, and after 24h, road snow all melts.
Embodiment 3: get colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent and tap water according to after volume ratio 1:3 dilution, get 2.0L diluent and be evenly sprinkling upon 1.5m
2on road surface after accumulated snow is compacted, after 1h, accumulated snow has obvious thawing effect, and after 24h, road snow all melts.Embodiment 4: the about 5g of white solid powder CMA Snow Agent of embodiment 2 is evenly sprinkling upon to area and is about 0.05m
2, Snow Thickness is about on the ground of 2cm, after 30min, accumulated snow melts completely, and after the snow process that falls in this pilot region without accumulated snow.
Embodiment 5: the about 7.5g of white solid powder CMA Snow Agent is evenly sprinkling upon to area and is about 0.09m
2, Snow Thickness is about on the ground of 2cm, after 30min, accumulated snow melts completely, and after the snow process that falls in this pilot region without accumulated snow.
Embodiment 6: the about 10g of white solid powder CMA Snow Agent is evenly sprinkling upon to area and is about 0.12m
2, Snow Thickness is about on the ground of 2cm, after 30min, accumulated snow melts completely, and after the snow process that falls in this pilot region without accumulated snow.
It should be noted that above what enumerate is only several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, can also have many distortion.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention, all should think protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a method for the white Snow Agent of being prepared by wood vinegar, is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) by the rectifying at 0.01 ± 0.005MPa, 68 ± 2 ℃ of wooden vinegar stoste, obtain colourless wood vinegar;
2) get rectifying wood vinegar, press amount of substance with calcium carbonate, magnesium basic carbonate, unit is mol, and with the ratio of 4～6:1:1, in 30～35 ℃, reaction 50～60min, makes colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that the spray-dried CMA white solid Snow Agent that obtains of described colourless CMA liquid Snow Agent liquid.
3. the application of Snow Agent claimed in claim 1, after is characterized in that liquid CMA Snow Agent and tap water doubly to dilute according to volume 1:1～1:2, at 1～2.5m
2on road surface after accumulated snow is compacted, evenly spray diluent 1.5～2.0L, after 1h, accumulated snow has obvious thawing effect, and after 24h, road snow all melts.
4. the application of Snow Agent claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, by pressed powder CMA Snow Agent 5～10g, being evenly sprinkling upon area and being about 0.05～0.12m
2, Snow Thickness is about on the ground of 2～3cm, after 30min, accumulated snow melts completely, and after the snow process that falls in this pilot region without accumulated snow.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410033297.1A CN103788928A (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2014-01-23 | Method for preparing white snow-melting agent by using pyroligneous liquor and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410033297.1A CN103788928A (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2014-01-23 | Method for preparing white snow-melting agent by using pyroligneous liquor and application thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103788928A true CN103788928A (en) | 2014-05-14 |
Family
ID=50664994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410033297.1A Pending CN103788928A (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2014-01-23 | Method for preparing white snow-melting agent by using pyroligneous liquor and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103788928A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106190033A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 安徽联合安全科技有限公司 | Nano-zinc oxide added heat-storable composite snow-melting deicing agent special for landscaping and preparation method thereof |
| CN106350011A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-25 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | Method for preparing organic and environmental snow-melting agent using lime flue gas method |
| CN106398649A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | Method for preparation of calcium magnesium hydrochloride snow-melting agent from two-alkali salt sludge |
| CN106497517A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-03-15 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | A kind of method for utilizing two alkaline process brine sludges to prepare organic environmental-protection Snow Agent |
| CN108018024A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-11 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A kind of low-carbon environment-friendly deicing salt preparation method |
| CN109943287A (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2019-06-28 | 杭州银帆环境科技有限公司 | A kind of glass demisting frost fresh snow preparation manufacturing method of the vinegar liquid containing biomass pyrolytic |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5219483A (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1993-06-15 | General Atomics International Services Corporation | Method to increase the rate of ice melting by cma deicing chemicals with potassium acetate |
| US5324442A (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1994-06-28 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Fermentation process for the production of calcium magnesium road deicer |
| JPH115969A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Kouji Sagami | Snow-melting agent |
| JP2002088374A (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-03-27 | Daiko Tekku Kk | Method for producing pyroligneous acid |
| CN1537922A (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-20 | 丽水市森得立生物农业研发有限公司 | Refining method of wood, bamboo vinegar liquid and its equipment |
| CN1657586A (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2005-08-24 | 大连民族学院 | Environmental protection snow melt agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN101481305A (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2009-07-15 | 北京联合创业环保工程有限公司 | Preparation and apparatus for calcium acetate magnesium salt |
-
2014
- 2014-01-23 CN CN201410033297.1A patent/CN103788928A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5219483A (en) * | 1991-04-02 | 1993-06-15 | General Atomics International Services Corporation | Method to increase the rate of ice melting by cma deicing chemicals with potassium acetate |
| US5324442A (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1994-06-28 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Fermentation process for the production of calcium magnesium road deicer |
| JPH115969A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Kouji Sagami | Snow-melting agent |
| JP2002088374A (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-03-27 | Daiko Tekku Kk | Method for producing pyroligneous acid |
| CN1537922A (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-20 | 丽水市森得立生物农业研发有限公司 | Refining method of wood, bamboo vinegar liquid and its equipment |
| CN1657586A (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2005-08-24 | 大连民族学院 | Environmental protection snow melt agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN101481305A (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2009-07-15 | 北京联合创业环保工程有限公司 | Preparation and apparatus for calcium acetate magnesium salt |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106190033A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 安徽联合安全科技有限公司 | Nano-zinc oxide added heat-storable composite snow-melting deicing agent special for landscaping and preparation method thereof |
| CN106350011A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-01-25 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | Method for preparing organic and environmental snow-melting agent using lime flue gas method |
| CN106497517A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-03-15 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | A kind of method for utilizing two alkaline process brine sludges to prepare organic environmental-protection Snow Agent |
| WO2018040782A1 (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2018-03-08 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | Method for preparing organic environmentally friendly snow-melting agent from salt slurry from two-alkali method |
| CN106497517B (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2018-06-12 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | A kind of method for preparing organic environmental-protection deicing salt using two alkaline process salt slurries |
| CN106350011B (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2018-07-31 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | A method of preparing organic environmental-protection deicing salt using lime-flue gas method salt slurry |
| US10308519B2 (en) | 2016-08-28 | 2019-06-04 | Chinasalt Jintan Co., Ltd | Method for preparing organic environment friendly snow-melting agent by using salt mud from two-alkali method |
| CN106398649A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-15 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | Method for preparation of calcium magnesium hydrochloride snow-melting agent from two-alkali salt sludge |
| CN106398649B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-06-12 | 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 | A kind of method for preparing hydrochloric acid calcium and magnesium deicing salt using two alkaline process salt slurries |
| CN108018024A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-05-11 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A kind of low-carbon environment-friendly deicing salt preparation method |
| CN108018024B (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2020-06-16 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Preparation method of low-carbon environment-friendly snow-melting agent |
| CN109943287A (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2019-06-28 | 杭州银帆环境科技有限公司 | A kind of glass demisting frost fresh snow preparation manufacturing method of the vinegar liquid containing biomass pyrolytic |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103788928A (en) | Method for preparing white snow-melting agent by using pyroligneous liquor and application thereof | |
| Xing et al. | Novel dihydrogen-bonding deep eutectic solvents: Pretreatment of rice straw for butanol fermentation featuring enzyme recycling and high solvent yield | |
| de Souza Dias et al. | Sugarcane processing for ethanol and sugar in Brazil | |
| Koyama et al. | Inhibition of anaerobic digestion by dissolved lignin derived from alkaline pre-treatment of an aquatic macrophyte | |
| CN101492700A (en) | Intensive processing method for stalk articles or agricultural castoff | |
| Egüés et al. | Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds obtained by autohydrolysis of corn residues | |
| CN101240297A (en) | Production of ethanol from agronomic crop fibre castoff | |
| CN108018024B (en) | Preparation method of low-carbon environment-friendly snow-melting agent | |
| CN110372883B (en) | Method for extracting lignin and silicic acid from black liquor | |
| O'Hara | The sugarcane industry, biofuel, and bioproduct perspectives | |
| Fasahati et al. | Techno-economic analysis of production and recovery of volatile fatty acids from brown algae using membrane distillation | |
| CN104164801A (en) | Method for separating and recycling cellulose, semicellulose and lignin in lignocellulosic biomass at one time | |
| Camara-Salim et al. | Screening the environmental sustainability of microbial production of butyric acid produced from lignocellulosic waste streams | |
| CN101736630B (en) | Pretreatment method for biorefinery of lignocellulose | |
| CN103012042A (en) | Method for preparing light olefin from biomass | |
| CN102493245A (en) | Method for paper-making pulping | |
| Dev et al. | Bioethanol fermentation: the path forward for eco-friendly and sustainable development | |
| CN105669879A (en) | Preparation method of xylooligosaccharide | |
| CN113549467A (en) | System for preparing aromatic small-molecule chemicals from salix mongolica biomass | |
| Gares et al. | Lignocellulosic biomass and industrial bioprocesses for the production of second generation bio-ethanol, does it have a future in Algeria? | |
| JP2011205934A (en) | Method for producing organic acid, organic acid, biodegradable plastic, snow melting agent and recycle system | |
| Ballesteros et al. | Fractionation of Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) biomass by dilute-acid pretreatment | |
| CN103074071A (en) | Fully bio-degradable liquid mulching film | |
| CN103313999A (en) | Mixed super critical fluid hydrolysis and alcoholysis of cellulose to form glucose and glucose derivatives | |
| CN101870638A (en) | Method for preparing ethylene alcohol by plant straws |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C05 | Deemed withdrawal (patent law before 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20140514 |