CN103787403B - A kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production - Google Patents

A kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production Download PDF

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CN103787403B
CN103787403B CN201410066750.9A CN201410066750A CN103787403B CN 103787403 B CN103787403 B CN 103787403B CN 201410066750 A CN201410066750 A CN 201410066750A CN 103787403 B CN103787403 B CN 103787403B
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CN103787403A (en
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章林
刘瑞
史春华
龚龙江
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GUIZHOU WANFANG ALUMINUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to fluorochemical recycling field, particularly a kind of method and apparatus containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production.Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: the raw material containing Ga oxide compound to mix with solid-state fluorochemical, forms mixture; Mixture is calcined, wherein containing the Ga in Ga oxide compound 3+with the F in fluorochemical -generate the first product GaF 3gas, containing the O in Ga oxide compound 2-the second product is generated with the positively charged ion in fluorochemical; First product passed into water vapour and reacts, making it to be formed containing solid-state Ga 2o 3with the gas-solid mixture of gaseous state HF; The first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga is obtained after being separated by gas-solid mixture 2o 3; First gas phase and the second product are reacted, again obtains solid-state fluorochemical.Do not reduce cost by means of only utilizing the iterative cycles of fluorochemical and it also avoid the pollution of fluorochemical to environment.

Description

A kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production
Technical field
The present invention relates to fluorochemical recycling field, in particular to a kind of method and apparatus containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production.
Background technology
Fluorine in Fluorine contained chemicals mainly comes from fluorite, and fluorite is Nonrenewable resources, is a kind of strategic resource simultaneously.Efficiency utilization existing fluorine resource and the existing fluorite resource of saving have become an important directions of fluorine chemical industry Sustainable development.Present fluorochemical in use can produce multiple waste, the fluorine-containing breeze etc. of the waste residue fluorine gallic acid ammonium that such as Neutral ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride produce as etching reagent and electrolysis gallium production process by-product; Electrolytic process produces gas and the dust such as gallium fluoride, Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) such as a large amount of hydrofluoric acid and borontrifluoride gallium for another example; Copper metallurgy process adopts fluorite (CaF 2) make fusing assistant, so containing objectionable impuritiess such as a large amount of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), hydrogen fluoride in flue dust; Magnesium, gallium also produce hydrogen fluoride and borontrifluoride gallium etc. in casting; These fluorochemicals long-term storage or directly emit not only pollute the environment, and reduce the utilization ratio of these fluorochemicalss.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production, to solve the above problems.
Embodiments provide a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production, comprise the following steps:
(A) raw material containing Ga oxide compound is mixed with solid-state fluorochemical, form mixture;
(B) mixture is calcined, wherein containing the Ga in Ga oxide compound 3+with the F in fluorochemical -generate the first product GaF 3gas, containing the O in Ga oxide compound 2-the second product is generated with the positively charged ion in fluorochemical;
(C) the first product passed into water vapour and react, making it to be formed containing solid-state Ga 2o 3with the gas-solid mixture of gaseous state HF;
(D) the first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga is obtained after being separated by gas-solid mixture 2o 3;
(E) the first gas phase and the second product are reacted, again obtain solid-state fluorochemical.
Preferably, the reaction conditions of step (E) reacts 1-5h at 100-600 DEG C of temperature.
Preferably, step (E) is specially:
First the first gas phase cooling is obtained hydrofluoric acid, then hydrofluoric acid and the second product are mixed be incorporated in 100-600 DEG C of temperature under react 1-5h, obtain fluorochemical;
Or
First the first gas phase is mixed with the second product, then the first gas phase cooling is obtained hydrofluoric acid, finally hydrofluoric acid and the second product are reacted 1-5h at 100-600 DEG C of temperature, obtain fluorochemical.
Preferably, the condition of calcining in step (B) for calcine 1-5h at 600-1300 DEG C.
Preferably, the temperature 970-1300 DEG C of reaction in step (C).
Preferably, step (D) is specially:
Gas-solid mixture is cooled to 100-280 DEG C be separated after obtain the first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga 2o 3; Tetrafluoroethylene pipeline is adopted to transport the first gas phase and mix with the second product.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of equipment containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production, comprising: the first reactor, the second reactor, the 3rd reactor and separator;
First reactor is used for mixture to calcine, wherein containing the Ga in Ga oxide compound 3+with the F in fluorochemical -generate the first product GaF 3gas, containing the O in Ga oxide compound 2-the second product is generated with the positively charged ion in fluorochemical;
Second reactor is used for the first product being passed into water vapour and reacting, and makes it to be formed containing solid-state Ga 2o 3with the gas-solid mixture of gaseous state HF;
The first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga is obtained after separator is used for gas-solid mixture to be separated 2o 3;
3rd reactor is used for the first gas phase and the second product to react again to obtain fluorochemical.
Preferably, separator is sack cleaner or cyclonic separator.
Preferably, also comprise interchanger, interchanger is used for the first gas phase cooling to obtain hydrofluoric acid.
Preferably, also comprise recirculated water coil pipe, the casing of the 3rd reactor has recirculated water coil pipe, and recirculated water coil pipe is used for the first gas phase cooling to obtain hydrofluoric acid.
A kind of method and apparatus containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production that the embodiment of the present invention provides, first fluorochemical is reacted with containing gallium metal mineral and after mixing containing gallium metal oxide compound, be borontrifluoride gallium and first reaction product of gaseous state under generating high temperature, the borontrifluoride gallium hydrolysis of recycling gaseous state generates gallium oxide and hydrogen fluoride gas, finally by hydrogen fluoride gas again with the first reaction, again obtain fluorochemical.The method of this recycle fluorochemical, does not reduce cost by means of only utilizing the iterative cycles of fluorochemical and it also avoid the pollution of fluorochemical to environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1-3 shows the process flow sheet of the method for fluorochemical recycle in producing containing gallium compound of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the method flow diagram of fluorochemical recycle in producing containing gallium compound of the embodiment of the present invention;
1 first reactor, 2 second reactors, 3 separators, 4 the 3rd reactors, 5 interchanger.
Embodiment
Also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Embodiments provide a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production, as shown in Figure 4, comprise the following steps
Step (A): the raw material containing Ga oxide compound is mixed with solid-state fluorochemical, form mixture, the massfraction of wherein solid-state fluorochemical is 20%-80% in the mixture, and the particle diameter containing Ga oxide compound is preferably not more than 7mm, because carry out reacting more abundant after the less mixing of particle diameter.
Preferably, containing the raw material of Ga oxide compound comprise following one or more: Ga 2o 3coarse particles, containing Ga 2o 3mixture or containing Ga 2o 3waste material etc., wherein containing Ga 2o 3mixture comprise following one or more: bauxitic clay, Brown Alundum, pyrite, zink sulphide or germanite, these mixtures get rid of the impact of other elements after enrichment process, can also for containing Ga 2o 3waste material etc.
Solid-state fluorochemical comprise following one or more: NaF, NH 4f, NH 4hF 2, CaF 2, AlF 3.
Preferably, be mixed to form in mixture by the raw material and solid-state fluorochemical containing Ga oxide compound, the massfraction of solid-state fluorochemical is preferably 20%-80%.More Ga can be made like this to participate in reaction, contribute to improving productive rate.
1 is seen the following form containing the raw material of Ga oxide compound and the concrete array mode of solid-state fluorochemical:
Table 1 is containing the raw material of Ga oxide compound and the kind of solid-state fluorochemical and addition
Step (B), calcines mixture, wherein containing the Ga in Ga oxide compound 3+with the F in fluorochemical -generate the first product GaF 3gas, containing the O in Ga oxide compound 2-the second product is generated with the positively charged ion in fluorochemical;
Due to when temperature is lower than 600 DEG C, the GaF of gaseous state possibly cannot be generated 3if temperature higher than 1300 DEG C, then may generate more by product, the condition of the therefore preferably middle calcining of step (B) for calcine 1-5h at 600-1300 DEG C.The chemical reaction that this step occurs is: MxOynGa 2o 3+ AFz → MxOy+A 2oz+GaF 3(1), specifically the concrete numerical value of this step temperature, time parameter sees the following form 2.
Step (C), passes into water vapour by the first product and reacts, and makes it to be formed containing solid-state Ga 2o 3with the gas-solid mixture of gaseous state HF, in order to better control Ga 2o 3the particle diameter of product, the temperature 970-1300 DEG C of the therefore preferably middle reaction of step (C), specifically the concrete numerical value of this step temperature parameter sees the following form 2;
The chemical reaction that this step occurs is: 2GaF 3+ 3H 2o → Ga 2o 3+ 6HF (2)
Step (D), obtains the first gas phase containing gaseous state HF and contains solid-state Ga after being separated by gas-solid mixture 2o 3the first solid phase, the first gas phase polyfluortetraethylene pipe after being separated is sent in the 3rd reactor.
Preferably, step (D) is specially: gas-solid mixture is cooled to 100-280 DEG C be separated after obtain the first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga 2o 3; Tetrafluoroethylene pipeline is adopted to transport the first gas phase and mix with the second product, due to HF be corrosive gases therefore transport time corrosion resistant material tetrafluoroethylene pipeline transport, but the resistance to temperature value of this material is the highest at about 280 DEG C, therefore need transporting after gas-solid mixture cooling with tetrafluoroethylene pipeline.
Step (E), reacts the first gas phase and the second product, again obtains solid-state fluorochemical, by the second product A generated in hydrogen fluoride gas and calcining 2o zreaction, regenerates fluorochemical AF z, reaction conditions reacts 1-5 hour under being preferably 100-600 DEG C of condition.
Carry out before reaction regenerates fluorochemical in the first gas phase and the second product, need first the first gas phase to be cooled to liquid phase hydrofluoric acid, therefore preferably step (E) is specially: first the first gas phase cooling is obtained hydrofluoric acid, again hydrofluoric acid and the second product are mixed under being incorporated in 100-600 DEG C of temperature and react 1-5h, obtain fluorochemical; Or first the first gas phase is mixed with the second product, then the first gas phase cooling is obtained hydrofluoric acid, finally hydrofluoric acid and the second product are reacted 1-5h at 100-600 DEG C of temperature, obtain fluorochemical.
The reaction that this step occurs is: A 2o z+ HF → AF z+ H 2o (3)
By this step, can realize the recycle of fluorochemical, the concrete data of actual temp, time parameter see the following form 2.
Table 2 step 102, the temperature of 103 and 105, the concrete numerical value of time parameter
Embodiments provide a kind of equipment containing the method for fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production, as shown in Figure 1, comprising: the first reactor 1, second reactor 2, the 3rd reactor 4 and separator 3;
First reactor 1, for being calcined by mixture, wherein contains the Ga in Ga oxide compound 3+with the F in fluorochemical -generate the first product GaF 3gas, containing the O in Ga oxide compound 2-the second product is generated with the positively charged ion in fluorochemical;
Preferably, the first reactor 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is calcining furnace, and calcining furnace quick heating is applicable to gas-solid reaction, but is not limited to calcining furnace, and any equipment that can realize this function, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Second reactor 2, for the first product being passed into water vapour and reacting, makes it to be formed containing solid-state Ga 2o 3with the gas-solid mixture of gaseous state HF;
Separator 3 is for obtaining the first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga after being separated by gas-solid mixture 2o 3;
3rd reactor 4 obtains fluorochemical again for the first gas phase and the second product being reacted.
The equipment containing the method for fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production of the present invention can realize the recycle of fluorochemical, does not reduce cost and it also avoid the pollution of fluorochemical to environment by means of only utilizing the iterative cycles of fluorochemical.
Preferably, separator 3 is sack cleaner or cyclonic separator, and these two kinds of separators belong to common separating device, fully meeting in separation condition situation of the present invention, have the advantages such as cost is lower, easy to use.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 3, also comprise interchanger 5, interchanger 5 is for obtaining hydrofluoric acid by the first gas phase cooling.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, also comprise recirculated water coil pipe, the casing of the 3rd reactor has recirculated water coil pipe, and recirculated water coil pipe is used for the first gas phase cooling to obtain hydrofluoric acid.
Next, be described in detail by 4 specific embodiments:
Embodiment 1:
Will containing Ga 2o 3waste material and CaF 2mix and obtain mixture, Ga 2o 3with CaF 2particle diameter be below 3mm, CaF in gained mixture 2mass percent be 80%.By the temperature lower calcination 1 hour of mixture the first reactor 1150 DEG C, generate CaO and GaF 3, GaF 3be gaseous state under high temperature, overflow from solid reactant.By the GaF of effusion 3introduce in the second reactor, and be hydrolyzed at the temperature of 1250 DEG C, generate Ga 2o 3with HF gas.The HF gas tetrafluoroethylene pipeline that hydrolysis produces is transported in the 3rd reactor, reacts 2.5 hours with reaction product CaO at 600 DEG C, again obtain CaF 2, thus realize CaF 2be cycled to repeat utilization.Reaction equation is as follows:
Ga 2O 3+3CaF 2→3CaO+2GaF 3（4）
2GaF 3+3H 2O→Ga 2O 3+6HF （5）
CaO+2HF→CaF 2+H 2O （6）
Embodiment 2:
By the Ga-containing ore mixture after enrichment and AlF 3mix and obtain mixture, the Ga-containing ore mixture after enrichment and AlF 3particle diameter be below 5mm, AlF in gained mixture 3mass percent be 60%.By mixture temperature lower calcination 3 hours of 1300 DEG C in the first reactor, generate Al 2o 3with gaseous state GaF 3.By GaF 3distillation effusion from solid reactant.By the GaF of effusion 3introduce in the second reactor, and hydrolysis generates Ga at the temperature of 1300 DEG C 2o 3with HF gas.The HF gas tetrafluoroethylene pipeline that hydrolysis produces is transported in the 3rd reactor, with reaction product Al 2o 3100 DEG C of reactions 5 hours, again obtain AlF 3, thus realize AlF 3be cycled to repeat utilization.Reaction equation is as follows:
Ga 2O 3+2AlF 3→Al 2O 3+2GaF 3（7）
GaF 3+3H 2O→Ga 2O 3+6HF （8）
Al 2O 3+6HF→2AlF 3+3H 2O （9）
Embodiment 3:
By Ga 2o 3coarse particles and NH 4hF 2mix, Ga 2o 3with NH 4hF 2particle diameter be below 7mm, NH in gained mixture 4hF 2mass percent be 40%.By mixture temperature lower calcination 5 hours of 600 DEG C in the first reactor, generate NH 3, H 2o and GaF 3, GaF 3overflow from solid.By the GaF of effusion 3introduce in the second reactor, and hydrolysis generates Ga at the temperature of 1100 DEG C 2o 3with HF gas.The HF gas tetrafluoroethylene pipeline that hydrolysis produces is transported in the 3rd reactor, with reaction product NH 3and H 2o, 150 DEG C of reactions 4.5 hours, obtains NH again 4hF 2, thus realize NH 4hF 2be cycled to repeat utilization.Reaction equation is as follows:
Ga 2O 3+3NH 4HF 2→2GaF 3+3NH 3+3H 2O （10）
GaF 3+3H 2O→Ga 2O 3+6HF （11）
NH 3·H 2O+2HF→NH 4HF 2+H 2O （12）
Embodiment 4:
By brown gallium ore deposit and NH 4f mixes, Ga 2o 3be below 3mm with the particle diameter of fluorochemical, NH in gained mixture 4the mass percent of F is 30%.By mixture temperature lower calcination 4.5 hours of 810 DEG C in the first reactor, generate NH 3, H 2o and GaF 3, by GaF 3distillation effusion from solid.By the GaF of effusion 3introduce in the second reactor, and hydrolysis generates Ga at the temperature of 970 DEG C 2o 3with HF gas.The HF gas tetrafluoroethylene pipeline that hydrolysis produces is transported in the 3rd reactor, with reaction product NH 3and H 2o, 200 DEG C of reactions 1 hour, obtains NH again 4f, thus realize NH 4f is cycled to repeat utilization.Reaction equation is as follows:
Ga 2O 3+6NH 4F→2GaF 3+6NH 3+3H 2O （13）
2GaF 3+3H 2O→Ga 2O 3+6HF （14）
NH 3·H 2O+HF→NH 4F+H 2O （15）
The utilization ratio of the concrete numerical value of the parameters in embodiment 1-4 and the circulation and stress of fluorochemical sees the following form 3:
The concrete numerical value of parameter of each embodiment of table 3 and the rate of recovery of fluorochemical
Embodiments provide a kind of method of efficiency utilization fluorochemicals, belong to inorganic fluoriding chemical product production technical field.Utilize F element and metal first product (M in fluorine-containing material (AFz) xo ynGa 2o 3) in close fluorine element Al react, generate another kind of high-purity fluorochemicals, high-purity first product is made in the hydrolysis recycling this fluorine-containing material, is finally reacted by the metallic element in the HF of reaction generation and fluorine-containing material, change again former fluorine-containing material into, and can technical process be returned.High-purity fluorine compound only as the intermediate product of reaction process, is nonexpendable in theory, thus achieves the efficiency utilization of fluorochemical, and the environmental pollution avoiding fluorine element to cause.This method makes fluorochemical be reused, by the good economic benefit of generation and social benefit.The method processing step is few, and cost is low.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a method for fluorochemical recycle in producing containing gallium compound, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(A) raw material containing Ga oxide compound is mixed with solid-state fluorochemical, form mixture;
(B) described mixture is calcined, wherein said containing the Ga in Ga oxide compound 3+with the F in described fluorochemical -generate the first product GaF 3gas, described containing the O in Ga oxide compound 2 -the second product is generated with the positively charged ion in described fluorochemical;
(C) described first product passed into water vapour and reacts, making it to be formed containing solid-state Ga 2o 3with the gas-solid mixture of gaseous state HF;
(D) the first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga is obtained after being separated by described gas-solid mixture 2o 3;
(E) described first gas phase and described second product are reacted, again obtain described solid-state fluorochemical.
2. a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the reaction conditions of described step (E) reacts 1-5h at 100-600 DEG C of temperature.
3. a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (E) is specially:
First described first gas phase cooling is obtained hydrofluoric acid, more described hydrofluoric acid and described second product are mixed be incorporated in 100-600 DEG C of temperature under react 1-5h, obtain described fluorochemical;
Or
First described first gas phase is mixed with described second product, more described first gas phase cooling is obtained hydrofluoric acid, finally described hydrofluoric acid and described second product are reacted 1-5h at 100-600 DEG C of temperature, obtain described fluorochemical.
4. a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (B), the condition of calcining for calcine 1-5h at 600-1300 DEG C.
5. a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the temperature 970-1300 DEG C of reaction in described step (C).
6. a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (D) is specially:
Described gas-solid mixture is cooled to 100-280 DEG C be separated after obtain the first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga 2o 3; Tetrafluoroethylene pipeline transport point is adopted to state the first gas phase and mix with the second product.
7. according to claim 1 a kind of produce containing gallium compound in the method for fluorochemical recycle, it is characterized in that, fluorochemical circulation utilization method equipment used comprises: the first reactor, the second reactor, the 3rd reactor and separator;
Described first reactor is used for described mixture to calcine, wherein said containing the Ga in Ga oxide compound 3+with the F in described fluorochemical -generate the first product GaF 3gas, described containing the O in Ga oxide compound 2-the second product is generated with the positively charged ion in described fluorochemical;
Described second reactor is used for described first product pass into water vapour and react, and makes it to be formed containing solid-state Ga 2o 3with the gas-solid mixture of gaseous state HF;
The first gas phase containing unreacted water vapour and gaseous state HF and solid-state Ga is obtained after described separator is used for described gas-solid mixture to be separated 2o 3;
Described 3rd reactor is used for described first gas phase and described second product to react again to obtain described fluorochemical.
8. a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described separator is sack cleaner or cyclonic separator.
9. a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described equipment also comprises interchanger, and described interchanger is used for described first gas phase cooling to obtain hydrofluoric acid.
10. a kind of method containing fluorochemical recycle in gallium compound production according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described equipment also comprises recirculated water coil pipe, the casing of described 3rd reactor has recirculated water coil pipe, and described recirculated water coil pipe is used for described first gas phase cooling to obtain hydrofluoric acid.
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