CN103785446B - A kind of high-activity hydrocracking catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of high-activity hydrocracking catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103785446B
CN103785446B CN201210427851.5A CN201210427851A CN103785446B CN 103785446 B CN103785446 B CN 103785446B CN 201210427851 A CN201210427851 A CN 201210427851A CN 103785446 B CN103785446 B CN 103785446B
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catalyst
molecular sieve
hydrocracking
preparation
hydrogen
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CN103785446A (en
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姜虹
杨占林
唐兆吉
王继锋
温德荣
魏登凌
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of hydrocracking catalyst, comprises following process: (1) preparation contains the catalyst carrier of molecular sieve and inorganic refractory oxide; (2) dipping solution of preparation containing VI B race metallic compound, VIII race's metallic compound and hydrazine derivative; (3) catalyst carrier of dipping solution impregnation steps (1) prepared of step (2), then dry; (4) material that step (3) obtains carries out Hydrogen activation, obtains the hydrocracking catalyst for hydrocracking reaction after activation.Hydrocracking catalyst activity of the present invention is high, and preparation method is simple, and for the treatment of heavy hydrocarbon material, maximum produces intermediate oil.

Description

A kind of high-activity hydrocracking catalyst and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-activity hydrocracking catalyst and preparation method thereof, this catalyst has excellent hydrocracking performance, and active high, middle distillates oil selectivity is high.
Background technology
Hydrocracking catalyst is a kind of bifunctional catalyst, there is Hydrogenation and cracking performance, non-noble metal hydrocracking catalyst generally selects VI B and VIII race's metal to make hydrogenation component, and cracking performance provides primarily of acidic components, and acidic components can select crystal formation zeolite and/or amorphous aluminum silicide etc.Simple amorphous aluminum silicide, although selective higher, active low, operational flexibility is restricted, in most of hydrocracking catalyst all with crystal formation zeolite for acidic components, or crystal formation zeolite and amorphous aluminum silicide are acidic components jointly.
The middle oil type hydrocracking catalyst major part that commercial plant uses at present is the catalyst containing zeolite, and the zeolite component adopted mainly y-type zeolite, β zeolite and two kinds of zeolites are used in combination, and catalyst all will carry out presulfurization before reactions, metal component is made to be converted into sulphided state, to improve the serviceability of catalyst.But use the health of the higher vulcanizing agent of sulfur content not only contaminated environment, harm operating personnel, and sulfidation is numerous and diverse, needs to drop into a lot of manpower and materials.
US4820402 discloses a kind of hydrocracking catalyst, has used β zeolite, and this patent is thought, in order to improve middle distillates oil selectivity and reduce hydrogen consumption, the silica/alumina molecular proportion at least 50:1 of the zeolite component in catalyst, general 100:1, even 200:1.The middle distillates oil selectivity order that variety classes zeolite is used for catalyst is: ZSM-20> β >Y type, process Arabic VGO, when control 60v% transforms, middle distillates oil selectivity 45-65v%, wherein acidic components are β zeolite, during conversion ratio 60v%, the catalyst middle distillates oil selectivity that this patent relates to is no more than 70v%.
US4894142 discloses a kind of hydrocracking catalyst, object is the middle distillates oil selectivity improving catalyst, be characterized in by using the dry type heat treatment method passing into inert gas being included in 676-788 DEG C of temperature water heat treatment or best 704 DEG C, obtain a kind of low acidity Y zeolite, but because this zeolitic acid is spent low, high for reaction temperature during catalytic component process feedstock oil, general more than 400 DEG C, inhibit hydrogenation reaction, the thermal cracking performance trend of zeolite strengthens, the middle distillates oil selectivity of catalyst is improved not obvious, middle distillates oil selectivity is no more than 70%.
US5447623 discloses hydrocracking catalyst and the technique thereof of a kind of compound β zeolite and Y zeolite, but this catalyst is mainly used in light oil type hydrogen cracking catalyst, embodiment 50-185 DEG C of naphtha yield improves obviously, and the use of β zeolite relatively only uses the catalyst activity of Y zeolite also high.Although this catalyst also may be used for middle oil type hydrocracking catalyst, due to the characteristic of used β zeolite, in middle oil type catalyst, the content range of β zeolite is generally limited between 2.5w%-10w%, and generally must be dispersed in γ-Al with the use of one 2o 3and so on the sial on macroporous aluminium oxide matrix, the middle oil type catalyst that this patent relates to is for ensureing middle distillates oil selectivity, and activity of having to force down, makes reaction temperature higher, general more than 390 DEG C, thus result in poor adaptability to raw material.
The hydrogenation component of above-mentioned hydrocracking catalyst is the metal component of sulphided state, needs to carry out normal vulcanizing treatment before using, and the serviceability of catalyst needs to improve further.In hydrocracking catalyst, although hydrogenation activity and cracking activity main body are provided by two kinds of components, but in the catalyst, the effect of two kinds of components is not well-separated, but the interactional coordinated effect that influences each other, hydrocracking reaction is the reaction that raw material has been worked in coordination with on two kinds of activated centres.How regulating in hydrocracking catalyst, the correlation of hydrogenation active component and cracking active component, is the important content improving the comprehensive serviceability of hydrocracking catalyst.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new type hydrocracking catalyst and preparation method thereof, hydrocracking catalyst activity of the present invention is high, and preparation method is simple, and for the treatment of heavy hydrocarbon material, maximum produces intermediate oil.
The preparation method of hydrocracking catalyst of the present invention comprises following process:
(1) preparation contains the catalyst carrier of molecular sieve and inorganic refractory oxide;
(2) dipping solution of preparation containing VI B race metallic compound, VIII race's metallic compound and hydrazine derivative;
(3) catalyst carrier of dipping solution impregnation steps (1) prepared of step (2), then dry;
(4) material that step (3) obtains carries out Hydrogen activation, obtains the hydrocracking catalyst for hydrocracking reaction after activation.
In hydrocracking catalyst preparation method of the present invention, step (1) Middle molecule sieve be generally in Y molecular sieve, beta-molecular sieve, ZSM-5 molecular sieve, SAPO-11 molecular sieve, modenite, ZSM-22 molecular sieve, ZSM-23 molecular screen and mesopore molecular sieve one or more, be preferably Y molecular sieve and/or beta-molecular sieve.Required molecular sieve can carry out the modification be suitable for, as hydrothermal treatment consists modification, acid treatment modification etc.One or more in inorganic refractory oxide is generally aluminium oxide, silica, silica-alumina (i.e. amorphous aluminum silicide), silica-alumina are scattered in aluminium oxide (being namely dispersed in the amorphous aluminum silicide in aluminium oxide) wherein, silica is covered with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc. aluminium oxide, magnesia, zirconia, boron oxide and titanium dioxide, are preferably amorphous aluminum silicide and/or alumina component.
In hydrocracking catalyst preparation method of the present invention, the preparation of catalyst carrier can adopt the method for this area routine in step (1), obtains catalyst carrier as required material finally formed the steps such as required ratio mixing, shaping, dry, roasting in catalyst.Drying is generally dry 4-12 hour at 80-150 DEG C, and roasting is roasting 2-6 hour at 400-600 DEG C.
In hydrocracking catalyst preparation method of the present invention, in step (2), VI B race metallic compound is the soluble compound containing W and/or Mo, and VIII race's metallic compound is the soluble compound containing Ni and/or Co.
In hydrocracking catalyst preparation method of the present invention, in step (2), hydrazine derivative can use any hydrazine derivative, preferably uses dialkyl group hydrazine, particularly dimethyl hydrazine NH 2n (CH 3) 2.The addition of hydrazine derivative is 25%-45% by its weight concentration in maceration extract.
In hydrocracking catalyst preparation method of the present invention, the dipping in step (3) is saturated dipping or excess solution impregnation, and dipping can once carry out, and also can repeatedly flood.Drying process after dipping is dry 4-12 hour at 80-150 DEG C.
In hydrocracking catalyst preparation method of the present invention, Hydrogen activation process and the condition of step (4) are: under a hydrogen atmosphere, be that 2-10 DEG C/min rises to 300-500 DEG C from room temperature with heating rate, then be 0.5-2 DEG C/min with heating rate, be warming up to 600-750 DEG C, and at intensification outlet temperature constant temperature 2-4 hour.Hydrogen purity is wherein greater than 95%(volume), hydrogen gas space velocity is 50-1000h -1, pressure can be normal pressure to 1MPa, be preferably normal pressure.
A hydrocracking catalyst preparation, adopt above method to be prepared, with catalyst carrier weighing scale, the content of molecular sieve is generally 2% ~ 45%, is preferably 4% ~ 15%; With catalyst weight, metal component of group VIB (weighing scale of W and/or Mo) content is generally 10%-40%, is better 15%-35%, best 18%-28%, metal component of group VIII (weighing scale with Ni and/or Co) content is generally 1%-10%, is better 2%-9%, preferably 4%-8%.Inorganic refractory oxide is surplus.The initial feed of various component can be the material source of this area routine.In preparation method, the consumption of various materials stock can be determined by the composition in final catalyst.
Hydrocracking catalyst prepared by the inventive method, for vacuum distillate be raw material inceasing output of jet fuel and diesel oil hydrocracking process in, reaction pressure preferably at 6-20MPa, hydrogen to oil volume ratio 500:1-2000:1, raw material volume air speed 0.5-2.0hr -1, reaction temperature 350-410 DEG C.Feedstock oil, before carrying out hydrocracking, carries out hydrofinishing, and organic nitrogen content is wherein reduced to below 50ug/g, is preferably below 20ug/g.
In hydrocracking catalyst preparation process of the present invention, introduce the nitrogen-containing compound matched with active metal component, and common for hydrocracking catalyst sulfidation is cancelled, adopt the catalyst of hydrogen reducing mode to metal-containing compound and nitrogen component to carry out activation process.This preparation method can make active metal component have desirable Hydrogenation on the one hand, and the acid centre of active metal component to molecular sieve creates certain effect on the other hand.Show by analysis, the B acid site of active metal and molecular sieve interacts, significantly improve the acid strength distribution on zeolite, strong acid is reduced, middle intensity acid increases, acid site number increases to some extent, and L acid site number reduces relatively, can reduce fine melt function like this, increase the activity that moderate strength acid amount is conducive to improving catalyst, reduce reaction temperature, and improve the selective of intermediate oil (kerosene and diesel oil).Hydrocracking catalyst of the present invention can significantly improve the nitrogen resistance of catalyst simultaneously, and when using identical acidic components, the resistance to nitrogen ability of catalyst of the present invention significantly improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Hydrocracking catalyst prepared by the inventive method is applicable to hydrocracking process, be particularly suitable for treatment of heavy hydrocarbon material, the boiling range of heavy hydrocarbon material is generally within the scope of 250-600 DEG C, and preferably within the scope of 300-550 DEG C, wherein the cut of more than 70w% is more than 350 DEG C.There is the feedstock oil of These characteristics as gas oil, vacuum distillate, de-pitch prill oil, catalytic cracking recycle oil, shale oil, coal tar wet goods.Reaction condition generally under hydrogen existence condition, reaction pressure 5-20MPa, hydrogen to oil volume ratio 100:1-5000:1, raw material volume air speed 0.1-5.0hr -1, reaction temperature 350-450 DEG C.Hydrocracking process generally comprises the hydrofinishing of leading portion, for removing most S, N in feedstock oil, and the saturated severity reducing the operation of hydrocracking section of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, but this catalyst can reduce the severity of refining stage operation, embodies good effect when high nitrogen-containing.
Following embodiment describes the present invention, but does not limit its scope.Under hydrogen atmosphere, reduction activation is carry out under normal pressure.
Comparative example 1
By 25.3 grams of Y sieves (butt 95wt%), 71.4 grams of amorphous aluminum silicide (SiO 2content 50wt%, pore volume 0.85ml/g, specific area 370m 2/ g, butt 70wt%), 122.9 grams of macroporous aluminium oxides (pore volume 1.0ml/g, specific area 400m 2/ g, butt 70wt%), 133.3 grams of adhesives (butt 30wt%, the mol ratio of nitric acid and little porous aluminum oxide is 0.3) put into roller mixed grind, add water, be rolled into paste, extrusion, extrude bar 110 DEG C of dryings 4 hours, then 550 DEG C of roastings 4 hours, obtain carrier T-1, character is in table 1.
The maceration extract room temperature immersion of carrier tungstenic and nickel (ammonium metatungstate and nickel nitrate) 2 hours, 120 DEG C of dryings 4 hours, 500 DEG C of roastings 4 hours, obtain catalyst B J-1, catalyst property was in table 2.Catalyst uses the common vulcanizing treatment of row of advancing, and sulfidation is with hydrogen sulfide containing hydrogen 230 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours, 280 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours, 320 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours.
Embodiment 1
Prepare dimethyl hydrazine NH 2n (CH 3) 2and the maceration extract of tungsten and nickel, dimethyl hydrazine NH in maceration extract 2n (CH 3) 2weight concentration is 30%, by the carrier T-1 of comparative example 1 impregnation fluid prepared 2 hours, 120 DEG C of dryings 4 hours, then reduction activation in a hydrogen atmosphere, reduction activation program, for rise to 450 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min from room temperature, is 2 DEG C/min with heating rate, rises to 700 DEG C from 450 DEG C, and 700 DEG C of constant temperature 2 hours, be prepared into catalyst C-1 of the present invention.
Comparative example 2
By 14.7 grams of beta-molecular sieves (butt 95wt%), 151.4 grams of amorphous aluminum silicide (SiO 2content 50wt%, pore volume 0.85ml/g, specific area 370m 2/ g, butt 70wt%), 57.1 grams of macroporous aluminium oxides (pore volume 1.0ml/g, specific area 400m 2/ g, butt 70wt%), 133.3 grams of adhesives (butt 30wt%, the mol ratio of nitric acid and little porous aluminum oxide is 0.3) put into roller mixed grind, add water, be rolled into paste, extrusion, extrude bar 110 DEG C of dryings 4 hours, then 550 DEG C of roastings 4 hours, obtain carrier T-2, character is in table 1.
The maceration extract room temperature immersion of carrier tungstenic and nickel 2 hours, 120 DEG C of dryings 4 hours, 500 DEG C of roastings 4 hours, obtain catalyst B J-2, catalyst property was in table 2.Catalyst uses the common vulcanizing treatment of row of advancing, and sulfidation is with hydrogen sulfide containing hydrogen 230 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours, 280 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours, 320 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours.
Embodiment 2
Prepare dimethyl hydrazine NH 2n (CH 3) 2and the maceration extract of tungsten and nickel, dimethyl hydrazine NH in maceration extract 2n (CH 3) 2weight concentration is 40% by the carrier T-2 of comparative example 2 impregnation fluid prepared 2 hours, 100 DEG C of dryings 6 hours, then Hydrogen activation is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere, first 350 DEG C are risen to 10 DEG C/min from room temperature, be 1 DEG C/min with heating rate, rise to 600 DEG C from 350 DEG C, and 600 DEG C of constant temperature 4 hours, prepare catalyst C-2.
Comparative example 3
By 8.4 grams of Y molecular sieves (butt 95wt%), 85.7 grams of amorphous aluminum silicide (SiO 2content 50wt%, pore volume 0.85ml/g, specific area 370m 2/ g, butt 70wt%), 131.42 grams of macroporous aluminium oxides (pore volume 1.0ml/g, specific area 400m 2/ g, butt 70wt%), 133.3 grams of adhesives (butt 30wt%, the mol ratio of nitric acid and little porous aluminum oxide is 0.3) put into roller mixed grind, add water, be rolled into paste, extrusion, extrude bar 110 DEG C of dryings 4 hours, then 550 DEG C of roastings 4 hours, obtain carrier T-3, character is in table 1.
The maceration extract room temperature immersion of carrier tungstenic and nickel 2 hours, 120 DEG C of dryings 4 hours, temperature programming 500 DEG C of roastings 4 hours, obtain catalyst B J-3, catalyst property is in table 2.Catalyst uses the common vulcanizing treatment of row of advancing, and sulfidation is with hydrogen sulfide containing hydrogen 230 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours, 280 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours, 320 DEG C of constant temperature 8 hours.
Embodiment 3
Prepare dimethyl hydrazine NH 2n (CH 3) 2and the maceration extract of tungsten and nickel, dimethyl hydrazine NH in maceration extract 2n (CH 3) 2weight concentration is 40%, by the carrier T-3 of comparative example 3 impregnation fluid prepared 2 hours, 110 DEG C of dryings 6 hours, then activation process is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere, first rise to 450 DEG C with 8 DEG C/min from room temperature, be 1 DEG C/min with heating rate, rise to 650 DEG C from 450 DEG C, and 650 DEG C of constant temperature 4 hours, prepare catalyst C-3.
Embodiment 4
This embodiment describes the Activity evaluation of catalyst and the comparative example catalyst prepared by the present invention.Fixed bed hydrogenation experimental rig is evaluated.
Appreciation condition is: reaction stagnation pressure 14.7MPa, hydrogen to oil volume ratio 1200, raw material volume air speed 1.0h -1, use vacuum distillate (VGO) as feedstock oil, feedstock oil character lists in table 3.Evaluated under above-mentioned process conditions by the catalyst prepared in above-mentioned each example, the evaluation result obtained lists in table 4.
As can be seen from Table 4, catalyst of the present invention is when refined oil nitrogen content significantly improves, and reaction temperature is low, and activity is higher, and product property is better.
the physico-chemical property of table 1 catalyst carrier
Numbering T-1 T-2 T-3
Molecular sieve, wt% 12.0 7.0 4.0
Amorphous aluminum silicide, wt% 25.0 53.0 30.0
Macroporous aluminium oxide, wt% 43.0 20.0 46.0
Adhesive, wt% 20.0 20.0 20.0
table 2 catalyst composition and character
Numbering BJ-1 C-1 BJ-2 C-2 BJ-3 C-3
W,wt% 15.1 15.6 18.0 18.5 20.4 20.8
Ni,wt% 3.4 3.6 5.73 5.81 6.2 6.4
Pore volume, ml/g 0.56 0.54 0.53 0.56 0.55 0.57
Specific area, m 2/g 324 228 279 296 281 301
table 3 feedstock oil main character
Feedstock oil Vacuum distillate
Density (20 DEG C), kg/m 3 920.6
Boiling range, DEG C
IBP/10% 328/413
30%/50% 450/471
70%/90% 493/522
95%/EBP 534/545
Nitrogen, μ g/g 1575
Carbon, wt% 85.25
Hydrogen, wt% 11.96
Carbon residue, wt% 0.35
table 4 COMPARATIVE CATALYST's evaluation result of the present invention
Catalyst BJ-1 BJ-2 BJ-3 C-1 C-2 C-3
Refined oil nitrogen content, μ g/g 3 5 8 28 30 35
Reaction temperature, DEG C 383 390 393 373 374 378
Product yield and character    
Heavy naphtha    
Yield, wt% 9 8.9 10.7 8.9 8.8 10.1
Virtue is dived, wt% 61.9 62.8 60.8 62.8 62.5 60.6
Jet fuel    
Yield, wt% 25.3 23.8 24.6 25.6 24.8 25
Smoke point, mm 24 23 22 22 24 23
Aromatic hydrocarbons, v% 8.9 10 12.4 12.4 8.6 10.7
Diesel oil    
Yield, wt% 36.5 35.9 33.6 36.1 37.9 33
Cetane number 58.2 56.4 55.5 55.5 60.5 60.9
Tail oil    
Yield, wt% 24.2 28.5 28.6 24.3 25.1 28.9
BMCI value 9.8 10 11 9.7 9.9 11.4
Chemical hydrogen consumption, wt% 2.21 2.18 2.26 2.26 2.34 2.23
Middle distillates oil selectivity, wt% 81.5 83.5 81.5 81.5 83.7 81.6

Claims (11)

1. a preparation method for hydrocracking catalyst, is characterized in that: comprise following process:
(1) preparation contains the catalyst carrier of molecular sieve and inorganic refractory oxide;
(2) preparation is containing the dipping solution of VI B race metallic compound, VIII race's metallic compound and hydrazine derivative, and hydrazine derivative is dialkyl group hydrazine, and the addition of hydrazine derivative is 25%-45% by its weight concentration in maceration extract;
(3) catalyst carrier of dipping solution impregnation steps (1) prepared of step (2), then dry;
(4) material that step (3) obtains carries out Hydrogen activation, obtains the hydrocracking catalyst for hydrocracking reaction after activation.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step (1) Middle molecule sieve is one or more in Y molecular sieve, beta-molecular sieve, ZSM-5 molecular sieve, SAPO-11 molecular sieve, modenite, ZSM-22 molecular sieve, ZSM-23 molecular screen.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), inorganic refractory oxide is one or more in aluminium oxide, silica, silica-alumina, magnesia, zirconia, boron oxide and titanium dioxide.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), VI B race metallic compound is the soluble compound containing W and/or Mo, and VIII race's metallic compound is the soluble compound containing Ni and/or Co.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), hydrazine derivative is dimethyl hydrazine NH 2n (CH 3) 2.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the dipping in step (3) is saturated dipping or excess solution impregnation, floods for one or many, and the drying process after dipping is dry 4-12 hour at 80-150 DEG C.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: Hydrogen activation process and the condition of step (4) are: under a hydrogen atmosphere, be that 2-10 DEG C/min rises to 300-500 DEG C from room temperature with heating rate, then be 0.5-2 DEG C/min with heating rate, be warming up to 600-750 DEG C, and at intensification outlet temperature constant temperature 2-4 hour.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: hydrogen purity is greater than 95% by volume, and hydrogen gas space velocity is 50-1000h -1, pressure is that normal pressure is to 1MPa.
9. a hydrocracking catalyst, is characterized in that: adopt method described in claim 1-8 to be prepared, with catalyst carrier weighing scale, the content of molecular sieve is 2% ~ 45%; With the weighing scale of catalyst, metal component of group VIB content is 10%-40%; Metal component of group VIII content is 1%-10%.
10. catalyst according to claim 9, is characterized in that: the content of molecular sieve is 4% ~ 15%; Metal component of group VIB content is 15%-35%, and metal component of group VIII content is 2%-9%.
The catalyst that described in 11. claims 1 prepared by method for vacuum distillate be raw material inceasing output of jet fuel and diesel oil hydrocracking process in, reaction pressure 6-20MPa, hydrogen to oil volume ratio 500:1-2000:1, raw material volume air speed 0.5-2.0hr -1, reaction temperature 350-410 DEG C.
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CN1879964A (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-20 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method for preparing transition metal carbide catalyst
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CN1879964A (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-20 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Method for preparing transition metal carbide catalyst
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