CN103785415A - Cobalt bismuth catalyst for preparing alcohol by carboxylic acid hydrogenation - Google Patents
Cobalt bismuth catalyst for preparing alcohol by carboxylic acid hydrogenation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a catalyst at least comprising cobalt and bismuth, and a method for using the catalyst to prepare alcohol by carboxylic acid hydrogenation. According to the invention, the catalyst at least comprises cobalt accounting for 10 wt%-40 wt% of the total weight of the catalyst, and bismuth accounting for 3 wt%-30 wt% of the total weight of the catalyst. With the catalyst, carboxylic acid can be converted into corresponding alcohol and ester with selectivity of more than 90% under a condition with a temperature of 220-300 DEG C and a pressure of 0.5-4.0 MPa; the catalyst is high in activity, good in stability, and low in cost; the reaction condition when the catalyst is used is not strict; and commercial operation is easy to realize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cobalt bismuth catalyst and the methods for making and using same thereof that can be alcohol by high carboxylic acid yield hydro-conversion.
Technical background
It is the important chemical reaction of a class that hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is prepared alcohol, as acetic acid hydrogenation is prepared ethanol, lactic acid Hydrogenation all exists demand urgently for propane diols.This is because multiple reasons cause: due to technique progress, cause the manufacturing cost of carboxylic acid to reduce, if acetic acid is along with the maturation of methanol carbonyl method, manufacturing cost reduces; Or because raw material changes, make the manufacture of carboxylic acid there is sustainability, as biomass derivatives such as lactic acid, 3-hydracrylic acids.
The Hydrogenation of carboxylic acid is long-standing for the research of alcohol, as as far back as nineteen fifty, Ford etc. have just applied for using ruthenium catalyst carboxylic acid to be converted into the method for alcohol, but because petroleum resources cost in last century sustainable development the attention degree comparatively cheap and mankind is lower, therefore the production of alcohols adopts the technology such as olefin hydration, oxidation-hydration more.Enter after 21 century, the large-scale development of people to renewable system and oil replacement resource (coal, natural gas, shale gas, coal bed gas) etc., what make that hydrogenation of carboxylic acids prepares that alcohol becomes that alcohols produces has more economy and continuable method.
In fact hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is prepared alcohol and is had high challenge, main technical difficulty is to develop has high activity and catalyst optionally, reduce required reaction pressure, and catalyst need to possess the stability that has long-time use, certainly the cost of catalyst need to be in rational scope, to guarantee its commercial value.
US4104478 discloses a kind of hydrogenation of carboxylic acids catalyst and application process thereof, the catalyst using is M-rhenium bimetallic catalyst, M is the one in ruthenium, rhodium, platinum and palladium, under the condition of 170 ~ 250 ℃ and 2.0 ~ 14.0MPa, corresponding carboxylic acid is converted into fatty alcohol.All high (>7.0MPa) in the extreme of disclosed embodiment pressure.
US4517391 discloses the catalyst that a kind of acetic acid gas phase hydrogenation is prepared ethanol, and catalyst contains the cobalt that is no less than 50wt%, and one or more in copper, manganese, molybdenum, chromium and phosphoric acid.In unique embodiment, cobalt content is more up to 70%, and the reaction pressure of use is 300bar, and ethanol yield is 97%.Although this patent catalyst cobalt tenor is high, but owing to not using noble metal, cost has certain advantage, but this catalyst activity is lower, ethanol yield is 0.09kg/kg Cat/h only, consider catalyst cost still higher, and reactor will be very huge, therefore do not there is commercialization and be worth.Simultaneously in the unexposed tail gas of embodiment the content of incoagulability gas phase and material yield lower than theoretical value.
CN1008088 discloses the loaded catalyst that a kind of hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is prepared alcohol, and the first component of catalyst is tungsten and molybdenum, and second component is the one in palladium, ruthenium and platinum, and carrier is active carbon.The noble metal that this catalyst contains 1 ~ 10wt%, with high costs; And reaction velocity is lower, and (LHSV in embodiment is only 0.35h
-1, mean that space-time yield is lower than 0.26kg/m
3cat/h), reaction pressure is in an embodiment 1.0Mpa left and right.CN201110104763.7 and CN201110103802.1 disclose a kind of acetic acid hydrogenation catalyst and application process thereof, the first active component of catalyst is tungsten and molybdenum, second component is the one in ruthenium, rhodium, platinum and palladium, carrier is active carbon or graphite, in its disclosed embodiment, reaction pressure is 7.0 ~ 10.0MPa.
Zhang etc. have studied lactic acid water Hydrogenation for propane diols, the ruthenium catalyst of working load and trickle bed reactor, wherein water content is generally 40 ~ 80% water (Aqueous-phase hydrogenation of lactic acid to propylene glycol, Applied Catalysis A:General 219 (2001) 89-98).In the method, the water of high level this can significantly increase undoubtedly separate time energy consumption; The Ru/C that the catalyst using is 5wt%, high catalyst cost makes it be not suitable for commercial operation.
CN102149662 discloses a kind of Co catalysts for acetic acid hydrogenation, and the load capacity of cobalt is lower than 20wt%, and in catalyst, also contains palladium and the platinum of 1wt% left and right.In disclosed embodiment, cobalt content is all lower than 10wt%.
US7863489 discloses a kind of acetic acid hydrogenation catalyst, and catalyst activity component is platinum, and auxiliary agent is tin.Catalyst can be converted into ethanol with higher yield by acetic acid, but platinum content is higher, in the embodiment announcing, platinum content exceedes 1wt%, as everyone knows, the price of platinum is very expensive and reserves are very limited, therefore in commercial applications, will make the cost of catalyst high.Same problem is also present in another patent US7608744, Co catalysts content lower (~ 10wt%), and catalyst need to use precious metal additive simultaneously, and as platinum and palladium, auxiliary agent content is higher than 1wt%.
CN102149662 discloses a kind of acetic acid hydrogenation catalyst containing cobalt, preparation method is infusion process, the load capacity of cobalt is 0.1wt% ~ 20wt%, in its disclosed embodiment, cobalt loading is at 5wt% ~ 10wt%, and the auxiliary agent using uses precious metal additive, as platinum and palladium, auxiliary agent content is higher than 1wt%, and this will make the cost of catalyst extremely high, or for thering is the chromium auxiliary agent compared with high pollution; And the conversion ratio of acetic acid is lower, although unexposed its space-time yield of inventor, the embodiment data that provide by it, can calculate its space-time yield lower, cobalt-chrome catalysts as disclosed in it, and the space-time yield of ethanol is only at 82g/L/h ~ 258g/L/h.
In sum, in existing carboxylic acid technical scheme, there is some technology and commercialization problem: catalyst is with high costs and produce that the raw material supplying amount of catalyst is limited, space-time yield is low, selectively lower, reaction pressure is higher makes that operating condition is too harsh, energy consumption is too high.
Method of the present invention, under relatively mild reaction condition, can acetic acid be converted into ethanol with higher yield, and catalyst has higher space-time yield and cheap manufacturing cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the cobalt metallic catalyst that a kind of use contains bismuth auxiliary agent monocarboxylic acid is hydrogenated to alcohol catalyst, this catalyst not only has the feature of active high, selective height and good stability, and cost is comparatively cheap, and forms comparatively environmental protection.
A kind of hydrogenation of carboxylic acids of the present invention is prepared the catalyst of alcohol, and described catalyst comprises following component:
(1) contain cobalt and bismuth, wherein cobalt tenor accounts for the 10wt% ~ 50wt% of catalyst gross weight, and bismuth metal accounts for the 0.1wt% ~ 50wt% of catalyst gross weight;
(2) oxide, described oxide is selected from one or more of silica, diatomite, calcium silicates, zirconia, titanium oxide, aluminium oxide, and its content accounts for the 10wt% ~ 80wt% of catalyst gross weight;
Described hydrogenation catalyst by dipping, co-precipitation, deposition-precipitation, ammonia still process precipitation, sol-gel, dissolve for one or more in suction filtration after alloy and ball grinding method are in conjunction with preparation.
The detailed description of the invention is as follows:
The main active component of catalyst of the present invention is cobalt, and wherein cobalt tenor accounts for the 10wt% ~ 50wt% of catalyst gross weight, and preferred content accounts for the 15wt% ~ 45wt% of catalyst gross weight, further preferably accounts for the 10wt% ~ 40wt% of catalyst gross weight; Described cobalt tenor refers to the content of element cobalt.The content of Co catalysts carefully filters out through inventor: when compared with low cobalt content, the activity of catalyst is lower, this can make the ethanol space-time yield of catalyst remain at low levels, because carboxylic acid has stronger corrosivity, therefore the reactor that its direct hydrogenation is prepared alcohol generally need to use comparatively expensive stainless steel material, can make the cost of reactor high when therefore space-time yield is lower; And more the cobalt of high-load not only makes the cost of catalyst rise, and can not improve the activity of catalyst, even make activity decline to some extent, in the time of high level, significantly decrease.This result is unexpected: because often it is believed that improving tenor can improve the active of catalyst.And inventor finds to increase in the preparation difficulty of cobalt content catalyst higher than 50wt% time, as forming process etc., this will make the comparatively difficulty of commercialization of catalyst.
The source of cobalt metal can be selected from water miscible slaine as nitrate, sulfate, villaumite, acetate, oxalates and bromine salt, or is selected from metallic cobalt, as cobalt metallic plate etc.Water-soluble metal salt is selected from one or more in cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt oxalate, cobaltous sulfate, cobalt acetate more specifically, more preferably one or more in cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate and cobalt oxalate.
Bismuth is another kind of important composition component in catalyst of the present invention, and appropriate bismuth auxiliary agent adds the activity that has greatly improved catalyst, selective and stability, and the catalyst obtaining by specific preparation method embodies the present invention program's superiority more.
After bismuth auxiliary agent adds, catalyst activity and stability etc. represents that the index of catalyst reaction performance significantly improves, and reason wherein may be many-sided: bismuth has improved the electronics form of cobalt or activated carboxylic acid.More unexpected, the inventor finds, at the Co catalysts of preparing by suction filtration after co-precipitation, deposition-precipitate and dissolve for alloy, the effect that bismuth auxiliary agent improves catalyst reaction performance is more obvious.
Bismuth metal accounts for the 0.1wt% ~ 50wt% of catalyst gross weight, and further preferred content accounts for the 1wt% ~ 40wt% of catalyst gross weight, and the content of more optimizing is 3wt% ~ 30wt%.
Does not limit in source to bismuth, all bismuth-containing compounds known to can being.There are bismuth metal, bismuth oxide, bismuth nitrate, novismuth, basic bismuth carbonate, bismuth chloride, Bismuth Oxychloride and organo-bismuth etc. in the source of the bismuth of further optimizing.
Method for preparing catalyst of the present invention can obtain by existing catalyst preparation technology, as methods such as infusion process, ion-exchange, blending method, kneading method, co-precipitation, deposition-precipitation, steaming ammonium precipitation, melting-suction filtration, ball milling and sol-gels.Preferred method comprises co-precipitation, deposition-precipitation, steam one or more the combination in ammonium precipitation, melting-suction filtration, ball milling and sol-gel, these Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst methods are well known to those skilled in the art as existing mature technology mostly, in the books of this area, all there is detailed introduction, as the < industrial catalyst design and development > that Huang Zhongtao showed, the <Preparation of Solid Catalysts> that Gerhard professor Ertl etc. shows.Wherein steaming ammonium intermediate processing of the present invention, concise and to the point step is as follows: (one) is dissolved in the water cobalt salt, also may contain other metals or non-metal salt; (2) ammoniacal liquor is progressively added in above-mentioned salting liquid, form cobalt ammonium complex compound with ammonia; (3) add other components; (4) heat up and progressively ammonia is evaporated, cobalt precipitates; (5) washing, filtration; (6) dry, roasting.The step essence of the melting-suction method in the present invention refers to the preparation process of Raney catalyst: (one) by will having metallic cobalt, bismuth and aluminium (or silicon) fusion of catalytic activity in smelting furnace, the melt obtaining carries out quench cooled, then be crushed into uniform fine grained, dissolve the auxiliary agent that also may add other in step; (2) by catalyst fines moulding, forming technique can adopt existing known technology, as beats sheet, kneading extrusion, spin etc.; (3) by above-mentioned preformed catalyst suction filtration in alkali lye of gained, can obtain catalyst.
The present invention further preferred method for preparing catalyst is that co-precipitation, deposition-precipitation and dissolving combines for one or more of suction filtration after alloy.
Catalyst of the present invention also contains one or more elements that are selected from IB family, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhenium as auxiliary agent, accounts for the 0wt% ~ 10wt% of catalyst gross weight; Preferably be selected from one or more elements in silver, copper, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium as auxiliary agent, further preferably one or more elements in silver, copper and rhenium as auxiliary agent, the preferred one being selected from silver and copper.
Silver and copper tenor account for the 0wt% ~ 10wt% of catalyst gross weight, and scope is more preferably 0 ~ 5wt%.The source of silver metal is silver nitrate, and the source of copper can be one or more in metallic copper, copper nitrate, copper chloride, Schweinfurt green, cupric oxalate.Silver can be various with the addition manner of copper: after dissolving together with cobalt salt in precipitation, deposition-precipitation, the steaming ammonium precipitation method or sol-gel process, add; In catalyst precursor, add, as precipitation, deposition-precipitation, steam after obtain in the ammonium precipitation method or sol-gel dry in filter cake or xerogel, or in material after Roasting Decomposition; Or add beating the formative stage such as sheet or extrusion; Or in the time flooding with cobalt liquor, add, or with cobalt salt step impregnation; In melting process, add together with cobalt metal.
Catalyst in the present invention can also contain alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, and described alkali metal or alkaline earth metal content account for the 0wt ~ 30wt% of catalyst total amount.More specifically, be selected from one or more in potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, barium, content accounts for the 0wt ~ 15wt% of catalyst total amount, and further preferred scope is 0wt%～10wt%.Alkali and alkaline earth metal ions source can be water miscible nitrate, carbonate, villaumite, phosphate, sulfate, acetate, fluoride, hydroxide etc.More specifically, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions source is selected from one or more in potassium hydroxide, potassium nitrate, potash, potassium acetate, potassium fluoride, potassium phosphate, NaOH, sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium acetate, calcium nitrate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium phosphate, barium nitrate.
The mode that adds of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions element can be selected from any one in following mode: after dissolving together with cobalt salt in dipping, kneading, precipitation, deposition-precipitation or sol-gel process, add; In the methods such as blend, ball milling, melting, add together with cobalt salt or add step by step; In dipping, precipitation, deposition-precipitation or sol-gel process, add respectively or step by step with cobalt salt; In catalyst precursor, add, as in precipitation, deposition-precipitation or sol-gel, obtain dry after in filter cake or xerogel, or in material after Roasting Decomposition; Or add beating the formative stage such as sheet or extrusion.
Catalyst also contains oxide component, although do not want to do any restriction, but inventor thinks that these oxides mainly play the effect of carrier, described oxide component is selected from one or more of silica, aluminium oxide, diatomite, calcium silicates, zirconia, titanium oxide, and its content accounts for the 10wt% ~ 80wt% of catalyst gross weight.In fact, these carriers are not only to play a supporting role, can also assist the dispersion of active component or the activation of carboxylic acid, the critical index such as texture property, product and the raw material that therefore these carriers affect catalyst diffusion, mechanical strength, activity and stability therein.
Carrier silica can be selected from waterglass precipitate method, SiO 2 powder, teos hydrolysis, Ludox etc.Described SiO 2 powder can be to obtain by methods such as ball milling acquisition after dry after chemical deposition, waterglass precipitate or Ludox spraying are dried, and its size is selected from 10nm ~ 500 μ m; As the gross porosity microballoon silica (average pore size is 8.0-12.0nm, and specific area is 300 ~ 600m2/g, and pore volume is 0.8 ~ 1.1ml/g) that Haiyang Chemical Plant, Qingdao produces, the precipitated silica (silica (SiO that and for example Guangzhou people chemical plant produces
2) content %>=95.0, fineness (325 screen residue) %≤1.8, specific area is 400 ~ 600m
2/ g) or active carbon white, and the and for example aerosil AEROSIL200 of goldschmidt chemical corporation, its specific surface is 200m
2/ g, the and for example dry silicon dioxide microsphere obtaining of self-control spraying, specific surface is 400 ~ 500m
2/ g, is of a size of 2 ~ 30 μ m.SiO 2 powder can add as carrier in precipitation or deposition-precipitation method.Described waterglass direct precipitation method refers to take waterglass as raw material, adds acidic precipitation agent or ion precipitation agent, as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, calcium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, zirconium oxychloride, magnesium nitrate, cobalt nitrate etc. in waterglass.Precipitating reagent adds the white jelly of rear formation, uses or the precipitation method of carrying out other components on this basis add after washing for several times.Ethyl orthosilicate is to prepare in catalyst of the present invention and use in sol-gel process.Ludox, as liquid-state silicon source, can directly use in the precipitation system that enters precipitation, the deposition-precipitation method.
Carrier silica or aluminium oxide may be also to add as binding agent in the catalyst of preparing as melting-suction method, make the catalyst fines of gained can be shaped to shape required for the present invention.
The shape of catalyst of the present invention can be diversified, as spherical, strip, column, ring-type etc., size is between 0.3 ~ 15mm, more preferably between 1 ~ 10mm, the requirement of this size is mainly according to fixed bed reactors design of the present invention, with requirements such as convenient installation, reduction bed layer pressure.These knowledge are professional and technical personnel and know.
Described zirconia material source is for powder zirconia material or by the precipitation of zirconates.Powder zirconia size is selected from 10nm ~ 500 μ m, and specific surface is greater than 20m
2/ g.The precipitation of zirconates can realize according to following approach: first zirconium oxychloride is dissolved in water, adds subsequently the highly basic such as caustic soda, the gel finally sediment washing and filtering being obtained; Or use zirconyl nitrate as zirconium source, the gel that adds the rear washing and filtering of caustic soda precipitation to obtain.Above-mentioned gel is joined in other sediments, or add as the carrier of deposition-precipitation after above-mentioned gel is worn into powder after super-dry.
Titanium oxide in the present invention can be some satisfactory commercially available titanium dioxide, as the P25 of goldschmidt chemical corporation, also can adopt the method preparation of liquid-phase precipitation, as adopt titanium tetrachloride or titanium sulfate as titanium source, add urea, ammoniacal liquor, sodium carbonate or caustic soda etc. as precipitating reagent, also can adopt organic metatitanic acid as butyl titanate hydrolysis preparation.
Catalyst also may contain thulium, and its oxide content accounts for the 0wt ~ 8wt% of catalyst total amount; Described rare earth element is selected the one in lanthanum or cerium, and preferably its oxide content accounts for the 0wt ~ 5wt% of catalyst total amount.Add micro-rare earth element can make by reducing incoagulable gas content the selective raising obtaining to a certain extent of Co catalysts.
Catalyst also contains one or more inorganic non-metallic elements, and content accounts for the 0wt ~ 5wt% of catalyst total amount.More specifically, described inorganic non-metallic element is selected from the one in phosphorus, boron, fluorine, and content accounts for the 0wt ~ 2wt% of catalyst total amount.Adding of these inorganic non-metallic elements, what have is accompanied by adding of other auxiliary agents and enters catalyst system, as potassium fluoride.Have plenty of by extra mode and add, as adopted adding of boron, boric acid aqueous solution is added to the mode in filter cake.
The method that is fatty alcohol by organic carboxyl acid hydro-conversion described in the present invention, its concrete principle is by monocarboxylic acid gasification and mixes with hydrogen, or after monocarboxylic acid is gasified in hydrogen, enter in hydrogenation reactor, and contact and be converted into fatty alcohol and water with catalyst of the present invention.
The reactor of Catalyst packing is fixed bed reactors, more preferably shell and tube reactor, more specifically, be by Catalyst packing in pipe, and filling heat-conducting medium between pipe, as conduction oil or water etc., is more conducive to shifting out of reaction heat like this.Those skilled in the art all knows this technical key point, as every pipe loadings need be consistent etc.
Catalyst of the present invention is in the time being applied in hydrogenation of carboxylic acids, need to by its fully reduction activation make most cobalts carrying out being all reduced to zeroth order state before hydrogenation reaction, the mode of activation can be under Elevated Temperature Conditions, to pass into hydrogen, use reducing agent as Boratex etc. or adopt the method for ionizing radiation.These methods are all by those skilled in the art is known.
Method of hydrotreating of the present invention, reaction temperature is 180 ~ 350 ℃, more preferably 220 ~ 300 ℃, less in the selective variation of this scope inner catalyst, maintain higher level.When reaction temperature is lower, carboxylic acid conversion ratio is lower, and this increases circulating consumption; And reaction temperature is while continuing to raise, accessory substance especially incoagulable gas product significantly increases as the amount of ethane.
Be prepared as alcohol for monocarboxylic acid hydrogenation, the mol ratio of hydrogen consumption and carboxylic acid is 2 in theory, but for maintaining subsequent reactions pressure and catalyst life, the molar ratio of hydrogen and carboxylic acid is 4:1 ~ 40:1, more ratio of greater inequality is 6:1 ~ 25:1, and further Optimal Ratio is 8:1 ~ 20:1.From reactor thick product out, after gas-liquid separator, excessive hydrogen can recycle.
The catalyst selectivity using in the present invention is higher, therefore in accessory substance incoagulable gas selectively lower than 15%, in more excellent situation lower than 10%, in further optimization situation lower than 5%.
The hydrogenation of carboxylic acid is typical compressive reaction, and the reaction pressure that the present invention uses is 0.3 ~ 8.0MPa, and preferred reaction pressure is 0.5 ~ 4.0MPa, and the reaction pressure of further optimizing is 1.0 ~ 2.5MPa.The reaction pressure that the present invention uses, with respect to the disclosed reaction pressure of many hydrogen addition technologies is much lower before, this makes reaction condition gentleer, and has reduced cost.
In the method, the volume space velocity of carboxylic acid is 0.1 ~ 5.0h
-1; Preferred volume space velocity is 0.2 ~ 2.0h
-1.Air speed is actual is to wish that according to factory extraction product composition is relevant with later separation ability, the present invention is not restricted in force, this be due to: in the time that air speed is higher, although acetic acid conversion ratio is lower, but the productive rate of ethanol and ethyl acetate and can increasing on the contrary, particularly ethyl acetate selectively can improve; In the time that air speed is lower, acetic acid conversion ratio is high, but the productive rate of ethanol may reduce, therefore for having separating power and wishing the factory of voluminous ethyl acetate, high-speed operator scheme can be adopted, and for the less factory of later separation ability, low-speed operation can be adopted.Catalyst of the present invention, at 0.3 ~ 1.0h
-1the interior conversion ratio that can guarantee acetic acid is higher than 50%, preferred higher than 75%, further preferably higher than 90%.
The present invention can be widely used in monocarboxylic Hydrogenation for alcohol, and particularly, described monocarboxylic acid is selected from one or the mixture in acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, 3-hydracrylic acid, itaconic acid.These carboxylic acids derive from reproducible biomass resource, as mix acid liquors such as lactic acid, 3-hydracrylic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid/propionic acid etc., also can derive from other oil replacement resources, as acetic acid.Preferred, described organic acid is one or the mixture in acetic acid and propionic acid.Further preferred organic acid is acetic acid.
Method of the present invention, after contacting with catalyst with hydrogen when carboxylic acid, product, except alcohol, also has other accessory substances of trace, is mainly derived from (1) decarboxylation/decarbonylation product and comprises carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, alkane; (2) ketonization product; (3) alkyd/aldehyde condensation products; (4) dehydration product etc.For example, for acetic acid Hydrogenation, for ethanol, product by ethanol and ethyl acetate, also has acetaldehyde, ether, butanols, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, dimethoxym ethane, methane, ethane, propane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide etc. except mainly.The catalyst that the present invention describes and method thereof can guarantee that carboxylic acid is converted into alcohol and total selection of ester is accordingly greater than 70%, and more optimization situation is greater than 85%, and situation about further optimizing is greater than 90%.
With respect to prior art, hydrogenation of carboxylic acids catalyst of the present invention and method thereof have the following advantages simultaneously:
(1) catalyst activity is higher, and object selectivity of product is high;
(2) catalyst manufacturing cost is comparatively cheap, and investment and operating cost are reduced;
(3) reaction condition is gentleer, can under wider operation condition, move, broadening action pane.
Embodiment
Following examples are to more detailed the describing for example of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1 liter of cobalt nitrate aqueous solution getting 1.5mol/L, adds five water bismuth nitrate 20g therein, and adding 20wt% sodium carbonate liquor to be precipitated to pH value is 9.0 left and right, under the condition of heating, stirs 2 hours, obtains presoma I.
10g red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) and 6g four water-calcium nitrate are added in 300ml water, join lentamente in the sodium silicate solution of 500g dilution in (the about 10wt% of dioxide-containing silica), form white depositions, use high-power agitator to stir sediment and form slurry state thing, these slurry state materials are joined in presoma I, continue aging 1 hour in the condition stirring.Washing and filtering, and dried overnight obtains dry cake sprays into granulation after the liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus 15ml that contains 0.1wt% in this filter cake.By playing sheet moulding after particle Roasting Decomposition, obtain catalyst CHZ-71.
Embodiment 2
Get 1 liter of the cobalt nitrate aqueous solution of 1.0mol/L, add therein 18g gram of five water bismuth nitrate and lanthanum nitrate 3.1g, after dissolving, add 50g through the diatomite (Beijing Chemical Research Institute is self-produced) refined and fully stir, after add urea, being warming up to 80 degree, to be slowly hydrolyzed into pH value be 6.5 left and right, by above-mentioned slurry state thing filtration washing, and dried overnight obtains dry cake, and on filter cake spray dilution phosphoric acid liquid 10ml.By playing sheet moulding after filter cake Roasting Decomposition, obtain catalyst CHZ-72.
Comparative example 1
Get 30 grams of silica supports (Haiyang Chemical Plant, Qingdao, water absorption rate is about 0.9g/g), by soluble in water to 60 grams of cobalt nitrates and 1g silver nitrate, by preparing presoma in conjunction with the method for dipping-total immersion stain-incipient impregnation repeatedly, and by 400 ℃ of roastings acquisition catalyst CHZ-73 of this presoma.
Comparative example 2
According to the disclosed method of CN200980134837.2, prepare the silicon dioxide carried cobalt-platinum catalyst of a calcium modification, cobalt loading is 10wt% and platinum load capacity 0.85wt%.This catalyst is CHZ-74.
Embodiment 3
Above-mentioned catalyst is evaluated in fixed bed reactors, and for acetic acid Hydrogenation, for ethanol, loadings is 10ml, adopt the quartz sand dilution of 1:1, adopt before use pure hydrogen reduction, reduction maximum temperature is 450 ~ 500 ℃, and concrete reaction condition and reaction result are as shown in table 1.
In the present embodiment, acetic acid conversion ratio and ethanol selectively calculate and obtain according to the carbon molar content of each component.
Other products have: acetaldehyde, ethane, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetic acid aldehyde, acetone, propyl alcohol etc.
Embodiment 4
Above-mentioned catalyst is evaluated in fixed bed reactors, be used for lactic acid (the 20wt% aqueous solution) Hydrogenation for 1,2-propane diols, loadings is 10ml, adopt the quartz sand dilution of 1:1, adopt before use pure hydrogen reduction, reduction maximum temperature is 450 ~ 500 ℃, and concrete reaction condition and reaction result are as shown in table 2.
In the present embodiment, rotational rate of lactic acid and 1,2-PD selectively calculate and obtain according to the carbon molar content of each component.Other accessory substances comprise: normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, 2-hydroxyl-propionic aldehyde, propane, ethane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethanol, pentanedione etc.
Table 1
Table 2
Claims (19)
1. hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is prepared a catalyst for alcohol, it is characterized in that, described catalyst comprises following component:
(1) contain cobalt and bismuth, wherein cobalt tenor accounts for the 10wt% ~ 50wt% of catalyst gross weight, and bismuth metal accounts for the 0.1wt% ~ 50wt% of catalyst gross weight;
(2) oxide, described oxide is selected from one or more of silica, diatomite, calcium silicates, zirconia, titanium oxide, aluminium oxide, and its content accounts for the 10wt% ~ 80wt% of catalyst gross weight;
Described hydrogenation catalyst by dipping, co-precipitation, deposition-precipitation, ammonia still process precipitation, sol-gel, dissolve for one or more in suction filtration after alloy and ball grinding method are in conjunction with preparation.
2. catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described catalyst, cobalt tenor accounts for the 15wt% ~ 45wt% of catalyst gross weight, and bismuth metal accounts for the 1wt% ~ 40wt% of catalyst gross weight; Described catalyst is by co-precipitation, deposition-precipitation, ammonia still process precipitation and dissolve for one or more in suction filtration method after alloy are in conjunction with preparation.
3. catalyst according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described catalyst, cobalt tenor accounts for the 10wt% ~ 40wt% of catalyst gross weight, and bismuth metal accounts for the 3wt% ~ 30wt% of catalyst gross weight.
4. catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described oxide is selected from the one in silica, diatomite and calcium silicates.
5. catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described catalyst also optionally contains one or more elements that are selected from IB family, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhenium as auxiliary agent, and its content accounts for the 0wt% ~ 10wt% of catalyst gross weight.
6. catalyst according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described auxiliary agent is selected from one or more elements in silver, copper, palladium, ruthenium, rhenium.
7. catalyst according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described auxiliary agent is selected from one or more elements in silver, copper, rhenium.
8. catalyst according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described catalyst promoter is silver and/or copper.
9. catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also optionally contains alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal in described catalyst, and its content accounts for the 0wt ~ 30wt% of catalyst total amount.
10. catalyst according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal are selected from one or more in potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, barium, and its content accounts for the 0wt ~ 15wt% of catalyst total amount.
11. catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described catalyst optionally contains thulium, and its oxide content accounts for the 0wt ~ 8wt% of catalyst total amount.
12. catalyst according to claim 11, is characterized in that, described thulium is lanthanum or cerium, and its oxide content accounts for the 0wt ~ 5wt% of catalyst total amount.
13. catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described catalyst optionally contains one or more inorganic non-metallic elements, and its content accounts for the 0wt ~ 5wt% of catalyst total amount.
14. catalyst according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described inorganic non-metallic element is selected from the one in phosphorus, boron, fluorine, and its content accounts for the 0wt ~ 2wt% of catalyst total amount.
15. 1 kinds of carboxylic acid gas phase hydrogenations are prepared the method for alcohol, it is characterized in that, in fixed bed reactors, carboxylic acid steam mix with hydrogen-containing gas with hydrogenation catalyst haptoreaction after be converted into alcohol and water, the mol ratio of hydrogen and carboxylic acid is 4:1 ~ 40:1, reaction temperature is 180 ~ 350 ℃, and reaction pressure is 0.3 ~ 8.0MPa, and the volume space velocity of carboxylic acid is 0.1 ~ 5.0h
-1;
Described hydrogenation catalyst is the catalyst described in claim 1 ~ 14 any one, and the described carboxylic acid for hydrogenation is monocarboxylic acid.
16. carboxylic acid gas phase hydrogenations according to claim 15 are prepared the method for alcohol, it is characterized in that, the mol ratio of hydrogen and carboxylic acid is 8:1 ~ 20:1, and reaction temperature is 220 ~ 300 ℃, and reaction pressure is 0.5 ~ 4.0MPa, and the volume space velocity of carboxylic acid is 0.2 ~ 2.0h
-1.
17. carboxylic acid gas phase hydrogenations according to claim 15 are prepared the method for alcohol, it is characterized in that, the described carboxylic acid for hydrogenation is one or the mixture of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, 3-hydracrylic acid, benzoic acid.
18. carboxylic acid gas phase hydrogenations according to claim 17 are prepared the method for alcohol, it is characterized in that, described carboxylic acid is one or the mixture in acetic acid, propionic acid.
19. carboxylic acid gas phase hydrogenations according to claim 18 are prepared the method for alcohol, it is characterized in that, described carboxylic acid is acetic acid.
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| WO2016175747A1 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2016-11-03 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenation catalysts comprising a mixed oxide having bismuth and process for producing ethanol |
| US9540297B2 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2017-01-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Ruthenium-bismuth mixed oxide hydrogenation catalysts and processes for producing ethanol |
| CN109622025A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-16 | 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of catalyst and the preparation method and application thereof being used to prepare hydroxy methyl acetate |
| WO2021104533A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | 华南理工大学 | Quenching modification method for improving metal oxide electro-catalytic performance, and prepared metal oxide electro-catalyst and use |
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