CN103781874A - 在使用水溶性聚合物的粘弹性表面活性剂压裂流体中的流体损失控制 - Google Patents
在使用水溶性聚合物的粘弹性表面活性剂压裂流体中的流体损失控制 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103781874A CN103781874A CN201280042162.0A CN201280042162A CN103781874A CN 103781874 A CN103781874 A CN 103781874A CN 201280042162 A CN201280042162 A CN 201280042162A CN 103781874 A CN103781874 A CN 103781874A
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- fluid
- moisture
- ves
- fluid loss
- loss control
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Abstract
水溶性未交联的多糖可以是流体损失控制剂,其用于在烃采收作业中增产(例如压裂)或者完井所用的粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)流体。如果该VES流体预期用作压裂流体或者砂砾充填流体,则该VES流体可以进一步包含支撑剂或者砂砾,尽管这些用途不需要该流体包含支撑剂或者砂砾。该水溶性未交联的多糖流体损失控制剂可以包括但不限于瓜尔胶和其衍生物;纤维素和其衍生物;藻酸丙二醇酯;ι、κ和λ角叉菜胶的盐(例如钠、钾和钙盐);琼脂;黄原胶等;和/或其混合物。该流体损失控制剂可以在VES加入之前和/或在VES加入的同时和/或之后,加入到该含水粘弹性处理流体中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在烃采收作业过程中所用的含水的粘弹性流体,和更具体地在一种非限定性实施方案中,涉及用于控制其流体损失的方法和添加剂。
发明背景
水力压裂是一种使用泵速和水力压力来压裂或者破裂地下地层的方法。一旦产生了一个或多个裂纹,则将相对于地层的渗透性而言高渗透性的支撑剂泵入该裂缝中以撑开裂纹。当所施加的泵速和压力降低或者从地层除去时,该裂纹或裂缝不会完全闭合或者复原,这归因于高渗透性支撑剂保持了裂纹的打开。该支撑的裂纹或裂缝提供了高渗透性路径,其将生产井筒连接到更大的地层区域以增加烃的生产。
开发合适的压裂流体是一个复杂的领域,因为该流体必须同时满足诸多条件。例如,它们必须在高温和/或高泵速和剪切速率(其会导致该流体在完成压裂作业之前降解和过早地从支撑剂中沉降出来)是稳定的。已经开发了不同的流体,但是大多数商业使用的压裂流体是水基液体,其已经凝胶化或者泡沫化。当该流体凝胶化时,典型地使用聚合物凝胶化剂,例如可溶剂化的多糖,其可以是或者可以不是交联的。增稠的或凝胶化的流体有助于在压裂作业过程中将支撑剂保持在流体中。
虽然交联的和未交联的聚合物在过去已经被用作压裂流体中的凝胶化剂,来将固体粒子携带或者悬浮在盐水中,但是这种聚合物需要注入分别的破碎剂(breaker)组合物来降低粘度。
用粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化的含水流体也是本领域已知的。VES凝胶化的流体已经广泛用作砂砾充填、压裂充填和压裂流体,这是因为它们表现出优异的流变性,并且与用交联的聚合物凝胶化的流体相比不太损害生产地层。VES流体是非成饼流体,并因此不留下潜在损害性聚合物饼残留物。VES压裂流体提供了许多性能,其有益于良好执行的压裂充填或者压裂处理。但是,这些流体流体损失控制差。该性能(其使得VES流体相对不太具有损害性)倾向于导致明显更高的进入到储层基岩中的流体泄露,其降低了流体的效率,特别是在VES压裂处理过程中更是如此。在压裂充填和水力压裂作业过程中到地层中的流体损失增加了浆料脱水和过早筛出的风险,增加了地层损坏的风险,增加了流体与地层流体(例如乳液)不相容的风险,增加了完成所述处理所需的流体的体积,和/或会导致水力马力需求增大。
因此非常令人期望的和重要的是寻找和使用流体损失剂,用于高渗透性地层中的VES压裂处理。
发明内容
在一种形式中,提供了一种处理地下地层的方法,其包括提供含水粘弹性处理流体。该含水粘弹性处理流体包括但不限于含水基础流体、粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂和流体损失控制剂(FLA)。FLA可以是水溶性未交联的聚合物。在一种非限定性实施方案中,该含水粘弹性处理流体不含水溶性交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂。该FLA可以以与不含FLA的相同流体相比,能够有效地改进流体损失的量存在。将该含水粘弹性表面活性剂处理流体通过井筒注入并注入地下地层中来处理它。
另外,在另一非限定性形式中,提供了一种处理地下地层的方法,其包括将含水粘弹性前置液(pad fluid)通过井筒注入并注入地下地层中。该前置液可以掺入第一含水基础流体和第一粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂。该方法还包括将含水粘弹性表面活性剂处理流体通过井筒注入并注入地下地层中,其中该处理流体掺入第二含水基础流体和第二粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂。该第一含水基础流体和第二含水基础流体可以相同或不同。该第一VES凝胶化剂和第二VES凝胶化剂可以相同或不同。该前置液和/或处理流体包含水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂。
在另一非限定性实施方案中,进一步提供了一种含水粘弹性处理流体,其包含但不限于含水基础流体、粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂和水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂(FLA)。与不存在FLA的相同流体相比,该试剂的量有效地改进了流体损失。
在其他非限定性实施方案中,该含水基础流体是盐水,和该水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂可以是瓜尔胶;瓜尔胶衍生物,包括但不必限于羟丙基瓜尔胶(HPG)、羧甲基瓜尔胶(CMG)、羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶(CMHPG);纤维素衍生物,包括但不必限于羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素(CMHEC)、藻酸丙二醇酯、藻酸盐(例如钠和钾盐);ι、κ和λ角叉菜胶的盐(例如钠、钾和钙盐);琼脂;黄原胶;黄芪胶;刺槐豆胶;刺梧桐胶;阿拉伯胶;淀粉;和/或其混合物。水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂的量可以是约5-约60pptg(约0.6-约7.2kg/m3),基于该含水粘弹性处理流体。
附图说明
图1是在压裂充填处理过程中泄露体积的图表,其中处理时间是30分钟,温度是150℉(66℃),该流体包含3%的VES、3%的KCl或者10.0ppg(1.2kg/l)的CaCl2和所示的流体损失控制添加剂;和
图2是用于图1的VES流体的泄露系数的图表。
具体实施方案
已经发现水溶性聚合物是有效的流体损失控制添加剂(FLA),用于VES凝胶化的含水流体、处理和程序,特别是用于渗透性为约2mD-约2000mD(但不必限于该范围)的地层的水力压裂和压裂充填增产。该水力压裂流体可以包含由KCl、NaCl、NaBr、KBr、CaCl2或CaBr2盐及其混合物组成的含水盐溶液(盐水),但不必限于这些盐水。
在一种非限定性实施方案中,用作FLA的水溶性聚合物不含水溶性交联的聚合物,替代地不含可以充当流体损失控制剂的水溶性交联的聚合物。在另一非限定性形式中,该含水粘弹性处理流体不含非离子多糖(无论是否是交联的),或者替代地,该水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂不是非离子多糖(无论是否是交联的)。
为了增粘盐水,将VES以溶液(bvos)的1-10体积%的量加入盐水中,该量取决于所需的温度和粘度。这里该FLA可以在VES添加之前加入到盐水中,和/或与VES添加同时加入到盐水和/或在VES添加之后加入到盐水中。这些用于FLA添加的方法预期是典型的。
这里FLA可以加入到一般的流体和特别是VES-凝胶化的流体中,来降低在水力压裂或压裂充填或者其他处理过程中到地层中的流体损失的量。到地层中的流体损失增加了裂缝中浆料脱水和过早筛出的风险,增加了地层损坏的风险,增加了流体与例如乳液不相容的风险,增加了完成所述处理所需的流体的体积,和/或会导致水力马力需求增加。
VES-水溶性聚合物体系增强的流体损失控制可以作为降低的流体损失或泄露体积来观察到,流体损失或泄露体积使用粘度控制的泄露系数(Cv)、造壁(wall-building)泄露系数(Cw)和喷射损失体积(Vsp)来计算。
已经测试的配方包括表I中所列的那些。
表I聚合物FLA测试的配方
*稳定剂是VES-STA1稳定剂,获自Baker Oil Tools
所进行的测试包括在经时温度的表观粘度和在上面所列温度的流体损失。潜在有用的水溶性聚合物FLA包括但不必限于多糖瓜尔胶和κ角叉菜胶和二者在3%的KCl中的混合物。在9.2ppg(1.1kg/l)的CaCl2盐水中,10ppg(1.2kg/l)的CaCl2和10.8ppg(1.3kg/l)的CaCl2盐水中,用作FLA的有希望的水溶性聚合物包括多糖藻酸丙二醇酯、ι和κ角叉菜胶的钠、钾和钙盐及其混合物。
在3%的KCl盐水中的水溶性聚合物羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和瓜尔胶也提供了有效的FLA。还发现与藻酸丙二醇酯、ι角叉菜胶的盐或者琼脂一起使用的HEC也有效地控制了9.2ppg(1.1kg/l)的CaCl2、10ppg(1.2kg/l)的CaCl2和10.8ppg(1.3kg/l)的CaCl2盐水中的流体损失。
由于FLA的聚合物性质,用于降解该聚合物以防止地层和支撑剂充填损坏的方法和添加剂将用于一种非限定性实施方案中。这些方法包括但不必限于使用加入到上述处理流体中的化学品(破碎剂)来降解(破坏)该聚合物和防止地层和支撑剂充填的损坏。合适的破碎剂包括但不必限于过硫酸盐、过碳酸盐、过硼酸盐、无机过氧化物、有机过氧化物、可获自Baker Oil Tools的Break BAQ技术(参见例如美国专利6,706,769;6,617,285和7,084,093和美国专利申请2004/0127367A1和2004/0157937A1),以及类似于但不限于这些的其他常规的破碎剂。也可以使用合适的破碎剂催化剂,其包括但不必限于EDTA(乙二胺三乙酸)铜、氯化铜、氯化铁、EDTA铁、乙酰乙酸乙酯、二乙醇胺(DEA)、三乙醇胺(TEA)等及其混合物。
在VES-盐水溶液中使用FLA的不同可能的、非限定性处理程序如下:
1.在所提供的盐水中制备VES溶液。这个程序可以通过间歇混合或者连续混合VES溶液来进行。
2.VES浓度可以在水力压裂处理过程中保持恒定或者VES的浓度可以随着作业进行而降低。
a.例如前置液(泵送的无支撑剂的初始流体,其被用于产生裂缝)可以在3%的VES bvos混合,而该VES流体在随后的支撑剂阶段也可以在3%的VES bvos混合。
b.另一例子是前置液可以在3%的VES bvos混合,而VES流体在随后的支撑剂阶段可以在小于3%的VES bvos混合。
3.FLA可以仅加入到前置液中或者可以在随后的支撑剂阶段加入到前置液和VES流体中。
4.当该流体连续混合和在井下泵送时,将FLA在支撑剂阶段加入到前置液和该流体中,或者如果前置液和装载支撑剂的流体间歇混合,则将FLA加入间歇混合器中或者在井下泵送时加入该流体中。
5.当该流体(前置液和支撑剂阶段)在井下泵送时,将破碎剂连续加入仅前置液中或者整个处理中。
通常,这里的流体损失控制剂可以特别地用于VES凝胶化的流体中,用于完井或增产。如果该VES凝胶化的流体打算用作压裂流体或砂砾充填流体,则它们可以进一步包含支撑剂或砂砾,尽管这种用途不需要该流体包含支撑剂或砂砾。具体地,含有这些FLA的VES凝胶化的含水流体可以在宽的温度范围内改进(降低、减少或防止)流体损失,例如约70℉(约21℃)至约400℉(约204℃);可选地,至多约350℉(约177℃),和在另一非限定性实施方案中独立地至多约300℉(约149℃)。
这里的发现允许VES体系具有降低的流体损失来帮助将完井或增产作业过程中的地层损坏最小化。即,这些添加剂引入到VES凝胶化的含水体系中将限制和降低在压裂或压裂充填处理过程中,泄露到储层的孔和孔颈中的VES流体的量,因此使得由于在储层的孔和孔颈内的VES流体而可能发生的地层损坏最小化。同样,限制在处理过程中泄露到储层中的VES流体的量将允许更多的流体保留在裂缝中和因此该处理将需要较少的总流体体积。具有较少的流体泄露和更多的保留在裂缝中的流体将使得与低效流体相比,用于产生相同的裂缝体积或者几何形状的流体体积更小。因此在VES凝胶化的含水体系中使用这些添加剂将改进VES流体的性能,同时降低压裂处理的成本。
此外,据信当这里所述的添加剂处于VES流体中时,在储层渗透性中的范围不会明显控制流体泄露率。因此在一个非限定性例子中,如果FLA浓度随着地层渗透性的增加而增加,2000mD储层中的泄露率将与100和400mD储层中的泄露率相当。这种在较高渗透性储层中对流体泄露量的增强的控制也扩大了VES流体可能所施用到的储层渗透性的范围。该扩大的渗透性范围可以允许VES流体成功地用于渗透性高达2000-3000毫达西(mD)或者更高的储层中。现有技术的VES凝胶化的含水流体具有约800mD的储层渗透性限度,并且即使如此,与用这里的方法和组合物所能够达到的流体损失控制相比,它们还是产生了2到4倍体积的VES流体泄露率。
现有技术的VES凝胶化的含水流体是非造壁流体(即,在井底地层面上不存在聚合物或者类似材料的积累来形成滤饼),其不在井底地层面上形成滤饼,在储层内具有粘度受控的流体泄露。但是,已经发现VES凝胶化的含水流体中相对少量的聚合物是有帮助的。该流体中这些非交联的水溶性聚合物可能由于具有分子量非常高的聚合物(1-3百万分子量)而形成聚合物质量累积型滤饼,这归因于它们的尺寸不能透过储层孔颈和孔,但是断开和限制了在孔颈和孔中的流体流动。这里该流体损失控制剂的有效量是约5-约60pptg(约0.6-约7.2kg/m3),基于含水粘弹性处理流体。可选地,该范围的下限可以是约10pptg(1.2kg/m3)FLA,而该范围的上限可以独立地和可选地是约40pptg(4.8kg/m3);在另一非限定性实施方案中,该范围的下限可以是约15pptg(1.8kg/m3),而该范围不同的独立的上限是30pptg(3.6kg/m3)。
在这里的方法中,作为一个非限定性的例子,含水压裂流体可以首先通过将VES混入含水流体中来制备。该含水基础流体可以是例如水、盐水、水基泡沫或者水-醇混合物。盐水基础流体可以是任何盐水,常规的或将开发的,其充当了用于不同的浓缩物组分的合适介质。为了方便起见,在许多情况中,作为一个非限定性的例子,盐水基础流体可以是在完井流体所用的现场处能够利用的盐水。即,典型地,将含有很少水或不含水的浓缩物运送到或以其他方式提供到使用现场,在这里将它与可利用的盐水或水进行混合。
这里通过VES凝胶化的含水流体可以任选地是盐水。在一种非限定性实施方案中,该盐水可以使用盐来制备,盐包括但不必限于NaCl、KCl、CaCl2、MgCl2、NH4Cl、CaBr2、NaBr、KBr、甲酸钠、甲酸钾和其他通常使用的增产和完井盐水盐。制备该盐水的盐的浓度可以是水的约0.5重量%直到接近在淡水中给定盐的饱和度,例如水的10重量%、20重量%、30重量%和更高百分比的盐。该盐水可以是一种或多种所述盐的组合,例如使用作为非限定性例子的NaCl和CaCl2或者NaCl、CaCl2和CaBr2所制备的盐水。
适用于此处的粘弹性表面活性剂包括但不必限于非离子、阳离子、两性和两性离子表面活性剂。两性离子/两性表面活性剂的具体例子包括但不必限于衍生自某些蜡、脂肪和油的二羟基烷基甘氨酸盐、烷基两性乙酸盐或丙酸盐、烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰胺丙基甜菜碱和烷基酰亚胺单-或二-丙酸盐。季胺表面活性剂是典型的阳离子型,甜菜碱类是典型的两性离子型。增稠剂可以与无机水溶性盐或有机添加剂(例如苯二甲酸)、水杨酸或它们的盐)一起使用。
一些非离子流体本身相比于阳离子流体类型而言不太损害生产地层,并且与阴离子凝胶化剂相比每磅更为有效。氧化胺粘弹性表面活性剂具有提供更大的每磅凝胶化能力的潜力,这使得它没有这种类型的其他流体那样昂贵。
氧化胺凝胶化剂RN+(R’)2O-可以具有以下结构(I):
其中R是平均具有约8-24个碳原子的烷基或者烷基酰胺基团,R’独立地是平均具有约1-6个碳原子的烷基。在一种非限定性实施方案中,R是平均具有约8-16个碳原子的烷基或者烷基酰胺基团,R’独立地是平均具有约2-3个碳原子的烷基。在一种替代的非限定性实施方案中,该氧化胺凝胶化剂是牛脂酰胺基丙胺氧化物(TAPAO),其应当理解为是二丙胺氧化物,因为两个R’基都是丙基。
凭借美国专利5,964,295销售的材料包括ClearFRACTM,其也可以包含大于10%的二醇。一种优选的VES是氧化胺。如所述的,一种特别优选的氧化胺是牛脂酰胺基丙胺氧化物(TAPAO),由Baker OilTools作为WG-3L销售,其是用于SurFRAQTMVES流体配方中的VES液体产品。WG-3L是一种VES液体产品,其是50%的TAPAO和50%的丙二醇。这些粘弹性表面活性剂能够凝胶化水溶液来形成凝胶化的基础流体。这里所述的添加剂也可以用于Diamond FRAQTM中,其是一种VES体系,类似于SurFRAQ,其包含由Baker Oil Tools销售的VES破碎剂。
压裂流体中所包含的VES的量取决于两个因素。一个因素包括发生、创造或产生足够的粘度来控制向裂缝的孔和孔颈中的流体泄露的速率,其也取决于所用的流体损失控制剂的类型和量,第二个因素包括在压裂流体非限定性的情况中,创造、发生或产生足够高的粘度,从而在储层中发展裂缝的尺寸和几何形状用于强化烃的储层生产,以及从而在流体注入步骤过程中保持支撑剂粒子悬浮在其中。因此,取决于应用,将VES以总含水流体的约0.5-12.0体积%(5-120加仑/千加仑(gptg))的浓度加入到该含水流体。在另一非限定性实施方案中,用于这里的组合物和方法的范围是约1.0-约10体积%。替代地,下限可以是VES产品的6.0体积%。在一种替代的非限定性形式中,VES的量独立地是2-约10体积%。
在水力压裂应用中,在加入VES之后将支撑剂典型地加入到该基础流体中。支撑剂包括但不限于例如石英砂粒、玻璃和陶瓷珠、铝土矿颗粒、胡桃壳碎片、铝丸、尼龙丸等。该支撑剂通常的使用浓度是压裂流体组合物的约1-14磅/加仑(120-1700kg/m3),但是根据裂缝设计的需要,也可以使用更高或更低的浓度。在含水粘弹性处理流体用于压裂作业中来将支撑剂置于裂缝中的方法中,在裂缝中形成了大于一个单层的支撑剂。在该含水粘弹性处理流体被用于压裂作业中的另一非限定性实施方案中,该方法不包括基于固体的可溶性材料降解剂,而是注入支撑剂浆料,和/或不包括滤饼降解剂,而是注入支撑剂或者砂砾浆料。
基础流体还可以包含修井工业中通常的其他常规添加剂,例如水润湿性表面活性剂、非乳化剂等。在这里所述的方法和组合物中,基础流体还可以包含能够使VES流体的凝胶破坏(降低粘度)的添加剂。
虽然粘弹性流体在这里最典型地描述为用于压裂流体中,但是可预期的是它们将在完井流体、砂砾充填流体、流体损失丸剂、防漏丸剂、暂堵剂流体、发泡流体、增产流体等中获得应用。例如,用于砂砾充填中的流体将另外包含砂砾;增产流体可以包含一种或多种酸或者其他化学反应性化合物。
在这里的另一实施方案中,该处理流体可以包含其他增粘剂、其他不同的表面活性剂、粘土稳定添加剂、结垢溶解剂、生物聚合物降解添加剂和其他通常的和/或任选的组分。
在这里的另一非限定性实施方案中,使用VES破碎剂可以用于降解聚合物流体损失控制剂和VES流体二者。使用这里的具有内部破碎剂的组合物可以使得较少的VES流体泄露到储层中,因此一旦处理结束时,需要破坏并从储层中除去的流体较少。另外,在VES胶束内使用内部破碎剂可以进一步增强用这里所讨论的流体损失剂在井底地层面上所形成的滤饼-粘性VES层的破坏和除去。在这里所述的方法和流体中,必须使用两种不同的破碎剂。用于该流体的VES凝胶化的部分的破碎剂可以将蠕虫状或者伸长的胶束转化或者改变成更大的球形胶束来降低粘度。单独的或者不同的破碎剂可以用于降低由水溶性非交联多糖所产生的任何粘度,以及由此形成的真滤饼。在一些有限的情况中,相同的破碎剂或者破碎机制可以用于VES产生的粘度和聚合物产生的粘度二者。在另一非限定性实施方案中,一种或多种破碎剂可以经包封来延迟它的活性。
支撑剂、固体粒子或者砂砾可以是适于其预期目的的任何固体颗粒物质,目的例如用作筛子或者支撑剂等。合适的材料包括但不必限于砂、烧结的铝土矿、分级的碳酸钙、其他分级的盐、陶瓷珠等及其组合。这些固体也可以用于流体损失控制应用中。
本发明将参考下面的实施例来进一步描述,这些实施例不意在限制本发明,而是进一步说明不同的实施方案。
实施例1-3
除了上面给出的数据之外,还测试了表II中所述的流体。
表II实施例1-3的构成
图1是一个图表,其代表了三种流体每个在150℉(66℃)进行30分钟处理的泄露测试的结果。可以看到实施例2和3的流体产生的流体泄露的体积远低于不含未交联的聚合物FLA的实施例1的对照流体。
图2是一个图表,其代表了表II的三种流体的泄露系数的结果。本发明的实施例2和3的流体的造壁泄露系数(Cw)远低于对照实施例1流体的受控的泄露系数(Cv)。Vsp是在压裂充填处理过程中和在聚合物FLA起到减慢流体损失作用之前,随着原始的裂缝面曝露,流体向地层中的初始流入。Vsp越低,到地层中的流体损失将越低。因为Vsp在非常短的时间内发生,Cv和Cw是导致流体损失的主要因素。
还测试了在VES添加之前,将这里的FLA加入盐水中,并且发现是有效的。
在前述说明书中,已经参考其具体实施方案描述了本发明,并且已经证实在抑制粘弹性表面活性剂凝胶化的流体的流体损失方面是有效的。但是,很显然可以对其进行不同的改变和变化,而不脱离所附权利要求书所阐述的本发明的更宽范围。因此,说明书被认为是示例性的,而非限制性含义的。例如,可以预期盐水、粘弹性表面活性剂、水溶性未交联的聚合物和其他组分(其落入要求保护的参数内,但是在具体的组合物中没有明确进行鉴别或测试)的具体组合处于本发明的范围内。
作为整个权利要求书中所用的,措辞“包括/包含”被解释为表示“包括但不限于”。
本发明可以适当地包括所公开的要素,由其组成或者基本由其组成,并且可以在不存在未公开要素的情况下进行实施。例如,含水粘弹性表面活性剂处理流体也可以由含水基础流体、粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂和水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂组成,或者基本由其组成。可选地,含水粘弹性表面活性剂处理流体不含水溶性交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂。
Claims (13)
1.一种处理地下地层的方法,其包括:
将含水粘弹性表面活性剂处理流体通过井筒注入并注入地下地层中,其中该含水粘弹性处理流体包含:
含水基础流体;
粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂;和
水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂,
其中该含水粘弹性处理流体不包含水溶性交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂;和
处理该地下地层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂选自以下的多糖:瓜尔胶;羟丙基瓜尔胶(HPG);羧甲基瓜尔胶(CMG);羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶(CMHPG);羟乙基纤维素(HEC);羧甲基羟乙基纤维素(CMHEC);藻酸丙二醇酯;藻酸盐;ι、κ和λ角叉菜胶的盐;琼脂;黄原胶;黄芪胶;刺槐豆胶;刺梧桐胶;阿拉伯胶;淀粉;及其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中该流体损失控制剂的有效量是5-60pptg(0.6-7.2kg/m3),基于含水粘弹性处理流体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中该流体损失控制剂在VES凝胶化剂加入之前、期间和/或之后,加入到该含水粘弹性处理流体中。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中处理该地下地层选自:
在有效压力下压裂该地层,其中该含水粘弹性处理流体进一步包含支撑剂;
将支撑剂置于裂缝中;
在筛子和地层之间用砂砾填充井筒,其中该含水粘弹性处理流体进一步包含砂砾;
使该地层增产,其中该含水粘弹性处理流体进一步包含增产剂;
完井;和
控制流体损失,其中该含水粘弹性处理流体进一步包含盐或易于除去的固体;及其组合。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中与不包含该水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂的相同流体相比,该试剂的量有效地改进流体损失。
7.一种处理地下地层的方法,其包括:
将含水粘弹性前置液通过井筒注入并注入地下地层中,该前置液包含:
第一含水基础流体;和
第一粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂;和
将含水粘弹性表面活性剂处理流体通过井筒注入并注入地下地层中,该处理流体包含:
第二含水基础流体;和
第二粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂;
其中该第一含水基础流体与该第二含水基础流体可以相同或不同;
其中该第一VES凝胶化剂和该第二VES凝胶化剂可以相同或不同;和
其中所述流体的至少一种选自前置液,并且该处理流体包含水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂,不包含水溶性交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中该处理流体中VES凝胶化剂的量小于该前置液中VES凝胶化剂的量。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中与不包含水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂的相同流体相比,该试剂的量有效地改进流体损失。
10.一种含水粘弹性处理流体,其包含:
含水基础流体;
粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)凝胶化剂;和
未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂,不包含水溶性交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的含水粘弹性处理流体,其中该未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂选自以下的多糖:瓜尔胶;羟丙基瓜尔胶(HPG);羧甲基瓜尔胶(CMG);羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶(CMHPG);羟乙基纤维素(HEC);羧甲基羟乙基纤维素(CMHEC);藻酸丙二醇酯;藻酸盐;ι,κ和λ角叉菜胶的盐;琼脂;黄原胶;黄芪胶;刺槐豆胶;刺梧桐胶;阿拉伯胶;淀粉;及其混合物。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的含水粘弹性处理流体,其中与不包含水溶性未交联的聚合物流体损失控制剂的相同流体相比,该试剂的量有效地改进流体损失。
13.根据权利要求12所述的含水粘弹性处理流体,其中该流体损失控制剂的有效量是5-60pptg(0.6-7.2kg/m3),基于该含水粘弹性处理流体。
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- 2012-08-30 RU RU2014112060/03A patent/RU2014112060A/ru unknown
- 2012-08-30 EP EP12828961.8A patent/EP2751217A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-08-30 AU AU2012301813A patent/AU2012301813A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-30 CN CN201280042162.0A patent/CN103781874A/zh active Pending
- 2012-08-30 WO PCT/US2012/053143 patent/WO2013033399A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2014-01-29 CO CO14018180A patent/CO6870045A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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US20090192056A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2009-07-30 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Friction Loss Reduction in Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids Using Low Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Polymers |
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CN107722961A (zh) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-23 | 河北中大永迪生物科技有限公司 | 一种海水基压裂液 |
CN108384521A (zh) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-08-10 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种适用于co2驱特低渗透油藏抗气侵高密度压井液 |
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US20120055676A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
AU2012301813A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
CO6870045A2 (es) | 2014-02-20 |
WO2013033399A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
BR112014003384A2 (pt) | 2017-03-01 |
EP2751217A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
US9157022B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 |
EP2751217A1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
RU2014112060A (ru) | 2015-10-10 |
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