CN103779856A - Multi-breaker and thermotropic type resistor combined grading resistance rising fault current limiter - Google Patents
Multi-breaker and thermotropic type resistor combined grading resistance rising fault current limiter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-breaker and thermotropic type resistor combined grading resistance rising fault current limiter which is low in cost, is suitable for 500KV-class and higher voltage classes, and improves operation safety of a power grid. According to the technical scheme, the multi-breaker and thermotropic type resistor combined grading resistance rising fault current limiter is connected from a bus, passes through a main breaker DL0 and a first group of grading resistance rising unit in sequence, and is connected to the direction of a power transmission line, from the second group of grading resistance rising unit to the (n-1)th group of grading resistance rising units are sequentially connected to the first group of grading resistance rising unit in parallel, the tail end of the first group of grading resistance rising unit is connected with a resistor Rn in parallel, the ith group of grading resistance rising unit is formed by connecting the ith breaker and a resistor Ri in series, the first group of grading resistance rising unit is connected with the second group of grading resistance rising unit through a high voltage isolating switch G1 and a high voltage isolating switch G2, the two ends of the resistor Rn are connected with an overvoltage protection lightning arrester FZ1 and an overvoltage protection lightning arrester FZ2 respectively and are grounded, the n is any natural number from three to nine, and the i is not smaller than 1 and not more than (n-1).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of many circuit breakers and rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification.Be applicable to power grid security device technique field.
Background technology
Along with the continuous growth of China's regional power grid population size, constantly putting into operation and each large regional grid interconnected of heavy-duty generator group, Power System Shortcuts levels of current increases day by day, the short circuit current of many area power grids, the maximum permissible value that oneself limits through meeting or exceeding electric power rules.Short circuit current excessive (as reach 63kA or more than 80kA), makes electrical network face the security threat that cannot cut-off close-in fault, causes thermal effect, dynamo-electric effect excessive simultaneously, has a strong impact on the safe operation of electrical network.
Short-circuit fault of power system has very large harmfulness to the normal operation of high voltage electric equipment itself and system.Be in particular in: 1. moving, the thermally-stabilised effect of short circuit current may be damaged electric equipment.On the one hand, when short circuit current flows through electric equipment, strong thermal effect can cause the damage of conductor or its insulation.On the other hand, when conductor short circuit current flow, be subject to very large electric power and impact, cause conductor distortion, even damage; 2. when short trouble occurs, in electrical network, voltage can reduce, and especially obviously declines near the voltage at short circuit trouble point place, has a strong impact on customer power supply, even causes device damage and causes the consequences such as product quality is defective; 3. system is short-circuited and is equivalent to change electric network composition, must cause the variation that in system, power distributes.Which point no matter at be short-circuited, the active power of generator output all will decline, but the input power of generator is determined by prime mover or inflow, can not change immediately, the imbalance of generator input and output power must cause rotation speed change, thereby the generator that may cause paired running loses synchronously, destroy system stability, even cause large-area power-cuts; 4. the unsymmetrical current that asymmetric ground short circuit fault produces can cause the generation of serious uneven magnetic flux, and then cause forming very large induced potential in the contiguous communication line of transmission line, thereby cause electromagnetic interference, serious entail dangers to communication equipment and O&M personnel's personal safety to communication system.
At present both at home and abroad power equipment manufacturer the rated short circuit drop-out current of fertile most of primary cut-out generally below 63kA, the requirement that is difficult to meet system needs and cut-offs larger short circuit current, and along with the continuous expansion of net capacity and the continuous reinforcement of national network, this contradiction can be more and more outstanding.Although the method for employing change electric network composition can solve the inhibition problem of grid short circuit electric current, damaged flexibility and the economy of operation of power networks simultaneously, also increase the different sections of difficulty that Up Highway UHW load variations are allocated simultaneously.Therefore, how restriction system short-circuit current has become the unavoidable great technology and the economic problems that in modern power network development, face.
The requirement of electrical network to fault current limiter: fault current limiter FCL is a kind of serial connection electric equipment in the line.When it is normal, impedance is zero or very little, and impedance is very large when fault.Technical requirement to fault current limiter mainly contains the following aspects:
(1) while normally operation, current-limiting apparatus is Low ESR or zero impedance state, and active power and the reactive power loss of system are little, to system have no effect (pressure drop is zero);
(2) after fault occurs, device should be able to move within the utmost point short time, effective limiting short-circuit current before fault current arrives first peak value;
(3) there are certain limit capacity and current limliting time;
(4) control simple, need not high speed short trouble detection technique:
(5) while action, do not cause the side effects such as system transient modelling vibration, overvoltage;
(6) do not affect the correct operation of the equipment such as relaying protection;
(7) device has auto-reset function and repeatedly continuous action ability;
(8) cost of equipment and operating cost are low, the volume and weight that can bear, and reliability is high, and maintenance capacity and maintenance cost are low.
The practical progress of fault current limiter:
1) domestic situation
The degree coming into one's own along with FCL improves day by day, and domestic a lot of institutional unitses drop into its research and application.First three-phase high tc superconducting fault current limiter of China of Nei Duojia unit of the United Nations of CAS Electrical Engineering Research Institute joint research exploitation is successfully by 3500A(effective value) be restricted to 635A(effective value), and transcient short circuit time waveform is without sudden change.By the 220kV superconducting magnetic saturation type FCL of the holding group company of Tianjin mechanotronics and Yundian Yingna Superconductive Cable Co., Ltd., Beijing's joint research and development, successfully dropping into practical application in 2007, is the superconductive current limiter that electric pressure is the highest, capacity is maximum that linked network is tried out in the world at present.The FCL based on series compensation of Central China University of Science and Technology's research has used the closing switch u of triggered vacuum gap or the operation of high speed repulsive force mechanism to draw, there is the fast Shanghai Communications University of action and proposed a kind of magnetic switch type fault current limiter structure that is applicable to mesohigh electrical network, and developed a 220kV/50A flow restricter prototype.The 10kW500A/2500A that Huadong Metallurgy College proposes a kind of lossless resistor formula flow restricter topology being made up of common inductance and IGBT bridge road and obtains the development of national patent Zhejiang University adopts the New Solid flow restricter model machine of coupling transformer to pass through test at power test station, Shaoxing in December, 2006 with alternating current bypass current-limiting inductance
2) abroad instance
From early 1990s, EPRI releases after solid-state FCL scheme, and external research aspect solid-state current limiter obtains huge progress.At the beginning of 1993, the solid circuit breaker of a 6.6MW who is made up of inverse parallel GTO has been installed on the 4.6kV alternating-current feeding circuit of the ArmyPower Center of New Jersey Mort Monmouth, average operating current is 800A, in the time internal cutting off fault of fault 300H S that is short-circuited, play effective protective effect; Westinghouse Electric cooperates with EPRI, produces (13.8kV, a 675A) FCL(and solid circuit breaker SSCB combination), in the 124J that puts into operation of the transformer station that is arranged on PSE & G in February, 95; Northeastern Japan Utilities Electric Co. and Hitachi, Ltd have developed the experimental rig of (Distribution Current Limiting Device, DCLD), and test.
Engineering research bibliographical information is more abroad for SFCL, and engineering research bibliographical information is more abroad for SFCL, its engineering application aspect early be the superconductive current limiter of the bridge circuit type 2.4kV/80A of nineteen ninety-five Lockheed martin company (U.S.) development; Develop again in General Atomics company in 1999 the bridge circuit type superconducting flow restricter that index is 15kV/20kA; ABB AB of Switzerland is also respectively in 1996 with within 2002, developed the resistive superconducting flow restricter of 1.2MVA and 6.4MVA: 2004, and Japanese Toshiba company the has utilized superconductive high temperature material development superconductive current limiter of 66kV750A.
In addition Japanese fuji motor in 1994 is developed jointly out by vacuum switch and the GTO 400V distribution mixing type current-limiting device forming in parallel with company of Kansai Electric Power.ACEC-Transport in 1998 and GEC-Alsthom have developed the hybrid fault current limiter of AC/DC, and have formed commercialization.
In sum, existing domestic and international producer and research institution not yet form fault current limiter technology 500KV and above and that be easy to through engineering approaches application.And the cost of the current superconductive failure current limiter experimental prototype in the 500KV of conceptual phase electric pressure is up to 8,000 ten thousand-100,000,000 yuans.But the gross investment of the transformer station of a 500KV is only hundred million yuans of 3-5.Cost like this is difficult to carry out large-scale engineering standard configuration and applies.They are two years old, at present flow restricter is controlled inductance element mainly with power electronic technology or superconductor technology and is sealed in short-circuit loop, but according to the basic theory of traditional arc extinction, as professor Zhang Guansheng of University of Fuzhou chief editor, described in " electrical equipment basic theory " China Machine Press [1989] of professor Wang Jimei of Xi'an Communications University trial, affect the circuit parameter that alternating current arc extinguishes as follows:
Supply voltage: its value is larger, and the maximum of recovery voltage is also larger, and blow-out is more difficult.
Arc current: its value is larger, and power is larger, and blow-out is more difficult.The waveform of arc current also has impact to blow-out, and the waveform of wishing arc current has long zero to stop the phase.
Power-factor angle: in circuit, inductive proportions is larger, power-factor angle is larger, and blow-out is more difficult.
Alternating-current switch electrical equipment is carried out to breaking capacity test, and splitting pass blow-out for current flow restricter with inductance is very disadvantageous factor, is also the reason that current inductive type flow restricter should not be promoted.
Actual count and analysis show, fault current limiter is only arranged in high pressure or supergrid, just has practical engineering application and be worth, and just can highlight its superiority on technology and economic aspect.Bearing the main trend of electric power system because of high-voltage fence and carrying task, the reliability of restrictor apparatus is proposed to the requirement that extremely Xun carves, the fault current limiter engineering solution that is currently applied to high-voltage fence is few.Current being also difficult to of superconduct fault current limiter and power electronics type fault current limiter promoted.The solution of existing engineering application mainly contains two kinds: 1. install series reactor additional; 2. install the flow restricter based on series resonance-type additional.At present both at home and abroad in high-voltage fence, mostly adopt series reactor to carry out limiting short-circuit current, its shortcoming is to have increased system impedance, consumes idlely in a large number, has affected economy and the fail safe of electrical network.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: for the problem of above-mentioned existence, provide a kind of cost fault current limiter lower, that hinder applicable to many circuit breakers and the positive warm type resistance combined classification liter of 500KV and above, to improve the fail safe of operation of power networks.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of many circuit breakers rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: from bus successively through main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st component level rises resistance unit and is connected to power transmission line direction, the 1st component level rises on resistance unit successively the in parallel the 2nd and rises resistance unit to n-1 component level, a least significant end resistance R n in parallel, wherein i component level rise resistance unit connected with resistance R i by i circuit breaker DLi, described the 1st component level rises resistance unit and the 2nd component level rises between resistance unit through high voltage isolator G1, G2 connects, described resistance R n two ends connect respectively overvoltage protection lightning arrester FZ1, FZ2 ground connection, wherein n gets arbitrary natural number of 3～9, 1≤i≤n-1,
Wherein resistance R 1 to Rn is the thermistor of the high-power PTC material of tap with tap or controllable adjustable gear, and the resistance size under described resistance R 1, R2 to Rn normal temperature is by the jump relation of integral multiple and increase gradually.
Described resistance R 1 to Rn resistance after short circuit current heats up is 10～100 times of resistance under normal temperature; Resistance under described resistance R 1, R2 to Rn normal temperature increases gradually by the multiple relation of 5～30 times.
Described resistance R 1 to Rn is metal or its alloy material with the resistive type high-melting-point value of positive temperature coefficient, is placed in vacuum or SF
6middle insulation-encapsulated.
Described resistance R 1 to Rn is dystectic conducting ceramic material and conducting high polymers thing, is placed in vacuum or SF
6middle insulation-encapsulated.
Described main circuit breaker DL0 is SF
6circuit breaker or vacuum circuit-breaker; Described i circuit breaker DLi adopts SF
6circuit breaker, vacuum circuit-breaker, oil circuit breaker or thyristor electronic power switch.
The zinc oxide arrester that described overvoltage protection lightning arrester FZ1, FZ2 are voltage levels.
It is tungsten filament, nickel wire, molybdenum filament, platinum filament, iron wire, copper wire, iron copper-tungsten, dilval, nickel cobalt (alloy), Perminvar, tungsten-rhenium wire, tungsten nickel cobalt, tungsten-molybdenum alloy, tungsten nickel or tungsten-rhenium alloy that described resistance R 1 to Rn adopts material, or the high-temperature alloy body adulterating by other rare earth metal or be
Nitride conductivity ceramics: zirconium nitride ZrN, titanium nitride TiN, silicon oxynitride Si
2n
2o, niobium nitride NbN;
Boride conductivity ceramics: MoB
2, ZrB
2, TiB
2, LaB
6, HfB
2, CrB
2, TaB
2, NbB
2, UB
2, WB
2, MoB, ThB
2;
Silicide conductivity ceramics: MoSi
2, NbSi
2, Cr
3si, Cr
3si
2, CrSi
2, ZrSi
2, Mg
2si, TiSi
2, WSi
2, VSi
2;
And by rear-earth-doped nitride or boride, or the conductivity ceramics body material of silicide, or for selecting conducting polymer materials, comprise by conductive polymeric composite and filled-type conducting polymer composite and forming; Filled-type comprises: carbon black filled type, metal filled type, blending type; Typical conducting polymer composite is: polyacetylene PA, polyaniline PAN, polypyrrole PPX, polythiophene PTH, the poly-Power Resistor that the materials such as benzene PPP, poly-phenylethylene PPV are made.
Described resistance R 1 to Rn is the high-power thermal resistor device of cement mo(u)ld, ceramic mould positive temperature coefficient, or the resistor of the honeycomb structured body of above material.
If n gets 3 o'clock, under normal temperature, the resistance of resistance R 1, R2, R3 is respectively 0.0025 Ω, 0.05 Ω, 1 Ω; In the time that n gets 4, under normal temperature, the resistance of resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4 is respectively 0.001 Ω, 0.01 Ω, 0.1 Ω, 1 Ω.
In the common integrated SF6 gas cabinet that is placed in a sealing of assembly of described circuit breaker and described resistance, combine integrated construction unit with GIS and manufacture.
In this programme design to circuit breaker DL1, DL2, DL3 ... the sequence control method of .DLn-1 action is, first moved by the 1st circuit breaker DL1, be docile and obedient for DL2, DL3 ... .DLn-1, finally be only main circuit breaker DL0 tripping operation, in the trip(ping) circuit of each circuit breaker, all add the auxiliary contact of previous stage breaker open operation position as locking use, after guaranteeing that previous stage switch has cut-off really, rear one-level could disconnect.As tripping first, the 1st circuit breaker DL1 point has no progeny, the separating brake auxiliary contact closure of the 1st circuit breaker DL1, the trip(ping) circuit control to the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 has been connected in series connection, in the time that the trip signal of the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 arrives, makes the method for a kind of sequential control locking of the reliable separating brake of the 2nd circuit breaker DL2.
Current-limiting resistor is mainly the characteristic of having utilized the temperature coefficient of resistance of refractory metal or its alloy or conducting ceramic material: vary with temperature and the quick principle that rises resistance.
Temperature coefficient of resistance: the electrical resistance variations in temperature of electric conducting material and changing, the proportionality constant of its variation is called temperature coefficient of resistance, represents with α.The resistance value of most metals increases with the rising of temperature, α be on the occasion of, be called positive temperature coefficient; But some material (as carbon) reduces with temperature rising resistance value, and α is negative value, is called negative temperature coefficient.If the temperature of electric conducting material is t
0time resistance be R, R=R
0[1+ α (t-t
0)]
If take the tungsten filament material of bulb inside as example, in the time being set as 1 Ω under normal temperature, after bulb is lighted, bulb (under vacuum environment condition) internal temperature can reach 2500 ℃, and 3387 ℃ of the fusing points of tungsten, temperature coefficient of resistance α=4.5 × 10 of tungsten
-3℃, R=R
0[1+4.5 × 10
-3(2500 ℃-20 ℃)]=11.35 times, in the time that temperature reaches 2500 ℃, the resistance value of tungsten filament has increased approximately 11.35 times during than normal temperature cold conditions, is called the material of positive temperature coefficient.
In the time there is three-phase shortcircuit in electrical network major loop, short circuit current generally than the large 10-20 of load current doubly, the heat Q=0.24I of the corresponding generation of resistance sealing in this programme
2rt, square being directly proportional of the heat that visible resistance produces and electric current, therefore, due to the effect of temperature coefficient of resistance, resistance also produces fast and appreciates, thereby plays the object of utilizing pure resistance to increase and to limit grid short circuit electric current.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention's classification in flow restricter semistor in parallel, because short circuit current will produce heat, in the time that short trouble occurs, semistor resistance will improve, and play metering function.When the present invention normally moves, the impedance of current-limiting apparatus is very little, and power loss is little, and it is higher to seal in resistance when short trouble.The resistive impedance of resistor sealing in can not cause that transient oscillation causes overvoltage injury.The present invention still keeps larger impedance in the time of reclosing, guarantees circuit breaker disjunction safety.The present invention has and automatically resets and repeatedly continuous action ability, and equipment cost is low, safe and reliable, and maintenance cost is low, and easily through engineering approaches is applied.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is that while rising resistance first in embodiment 1, short circuit current distributes and schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that in embodiment 1, the short circuit current of the 1st circuit breaker DL1 after cut-offfing distributes and schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of embodiment 2.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment is that a kind of many circuit breakers rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, rise resistance unit through main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st component level successively from bus and be connected to power transmission line direction, the 1st component level rises on resistance unit the 2nd component level in parallel successively and rises resistance unit and a resistance R 3, wherein the 1st component level rise resistance unit be in series by the 1st circuit breaker DL1 and resistance R 1, the 2nd component level rise hinder unit be in series by the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 and resistance R 2.The 1st component level rises resistance unit and the 2nd component level and rises to hinder between unit and be connected through isolating switch G1, G2.Resistance R 3 two ends connect respectively overvoltage protection lightning arrester FZ1, FZ2 ground connection.In the present embodiment, in the common integrated SF6 gas cabinet that is placed in a sealing of the assembly of all circuit breakers (DL0～DL3) and all resistance (R1～R3), combine integrated construction unit with GIS and manufacture.
Resistance R 1, R2, R3(commercially available prod in the present embodiment) be the thermistor of the high-power PTC material of tap with tap or controllable adjustable gear, by diverter switch sets of contacts and electric driving mechanism and the adjustable resistor forming, its power configures by the maximum short circuit power of relevant voltage grade.In this programme, resistance R 1, R2, R3 have selected significantly high melting-point metal and alloy or the conducting ceramic material of the positive temperature coefficient up to approximately 10 times of resistance rising in cold conditions (normal temperature) and hot (approach fusing point when short circuit and leave suitable surplus temperature) situation.Resistance R 1, R2, the R3 relation that resistance size increases gradually by integral multiple saltus step at normal temperatures increases progressively, and in this example, under normal temperature, the resistance value ratio of resistance R 1, R2, R3 is 0.0025 Ω: 0.05 Ω: 1 Ω=1:20:400.
Resistance R 1, the selected material of R2, R3 be high-power, high voltage is withstand voltage, the metal of the positive temperature coefficient of high-melting-point value (material that fusing point is greater than 1000 ℃) and alloying metal or composite material nonmetal or metal and nonmetal doping, for the composite material by metal material and the blend of ceramic silicon silicate material, as the high-power thermal resistor device of cement mo(u)ld, ceramic mould positive temperature coefficient, or the resistor of the honeycomb structured body of above material.
To the alloy fled rheostat that has positive temperature coefficient of metal mold, as the fire-resistant oxidation resistant alloy-type resistor of the binary such as iron wire, nickel wire, tungsten filament, molybdenum filament, platinum filament and alloy body thereof, dilval, nickel cobalt (alloy), Perminvar, tungsten nickel cobalt, tungsten nickel or tungsten-rhenium alloy material, ternary.
Resistor material can be also by conducting ceramic material, the polymeric material of conduction, there is the function of positive temperature coefficient of resistance simultaneously, concrete material can be: 1. nitride conductivity ceramics, as zirconium nitride ZYN, titanium nitride TiN, silicon oxynitride, niobium nitride, 2. carbide conductivity ceramics, 3. boride conductivity ceramics, MoB
2, ZrB
2, TiB
2, LaB
6, HfB
2, CrB
2, TaB
2, NbB
2, UB
2, WB
2, MoB, ThB
2deng ceramic material, 4. silicide conductivity ceramics, MoSi
2, NbSi
2, Cr
3si, Cr
3si
2, CrSi
2, ZrSi
2, Mg
2si, TiSi
2, WSi
2, VSi
2deng electric conducting material.Described resistor material can be conductive polymer type resistor, comprises by conductive polymeric composite and filled-type conducting polymer composite and forming.Filled-type comprises: carbon black filled type, metal filled type, blending type.Electric conducting material, typical conducting polymer composite is: 1. polyacetylene PA, 2. polyaniline PAN, 3. polypyrrole PPX, 4. polythiophene PTH, 5. poly-to benzene PPP, 6. gather the composite conducting material of the macromolecule conducting materials such as phenylethylene PPV and conventional polymer and metal dust alloy.
Resistance R 1, R2, R3 by insulating ceramics or high temperature resistant, polymeric material coated, and be placed in vacuum or be filled with SF
6in protection structure in gas glass tube or quartz ampoule or other resistant to elevated temperatures ceramic body.If the material of resistance R 1, R2, R3 selects metal alloy compositions to prevent oxide protective layer as the materials such as iron wire, nickel wire, tungsten, tungsten-rhenium wire, iron-nickel alloy, tungsten-bast alloy, iron cobalt nickel alloy need install additional, be installed on vacuum or be filled with SF
6in protection structure in gas glass tube or quartz ampoule or other resistant to elevated temperatures ceramic body.
In this example, main circuit breaker DL0 is SF
6circuit breaker or vacuum circuit-breaker, the 1st circuit breaker DL1 and the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 adopt SF
6the solid-state electronic power switch devices such as circuit breaker, vacuum circuit-breaker, oil circuit breaker or thyristor, electric pressure is any one voltage levvls such as 110KV, 220KV, 500KV, 750KV, 1000KV.In the present embodiment, circuit breaker can be that discrete also can be placed in device in SF6 gas by the manufacture of GIS enclosed construction with being connected of resistance.
The operation principle of the present embodiment is as follows: in fault-free under normal circumstances, main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st circuit breaker DL1, the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 and high voltage isolator G1, G2 are all at closing position, load flows to line direction by bus, line load electric current on main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st circuit breaker DL1, connect access resistance R 1=0.0025 Ω, when this resistor operation, power loss is about 3～4KW, relatively little.
When circuit occurs alternate or over the ground when metallic short circuit; 1st, the protective relaying device of the 2nd circuit breaker starts respectively; by the first fast trip of the 1st circuit breaker DL1; break-time is the intrinsic opening time t=20～30ms of circuit breaker, and after the 1st circuit breaker DL1 tripping operation, short circuit current flows to respectively the 2nd component level and rises resistance unit and resistance R 3.
1, as in the time that D3 point (see figure 1) is short-circuited, short circuit current flows through resistance R 1, the temperature fast rise of resistance R 1, its resistance value is increased to 10 times of original left and right fast, while being increased to 0.025 Ω by 0.0025 Ω, the 2nd component level rises resistance unit and the 1st component level and rises resistance cell impedance relation and formed R2:R1=0.05 Ω: 0.025 Ω=2:1 relation, and the 2nd component level rises and hinders unit and played shunting action.As shown in Figure 2, suppose that 500KV system incipient short electric current is 70KA, system internal resistance R0=500/70=7.14 Ω, now 70KA flow to the 1st component level rise resistance unit electric current be I
d=(2/3) × [Ue/ (R0+R1//R2)]=(2/3) × 500KV/ (7.14 Ω+0.0167 Ω)=46.575KA, flow through the 2nd component level rise resistance unit electric current be 23.28KA, and the capacity that cut-offs of the 1st circuit breaker DL1 is 63KA, the requirement that can meet it and cut-off capacity.
2, as shown in Figure 3, after the 1st circuit breaker DL1 cut-offs, short circuit current is all poured into the 2nd component level and is risen resistance unit and resistance R 3, because R2 is positive temperature coefficient material resistance, after short circuit current, R2 temperature sharply raises, its resistance also raises more than 10 times, rises to 0.5 Ω by 0.05 Ω of original cold conditions, and this resistance and R3 resistance ratio are 1 Ω: 0.5 Ω=2:1, with above-mentioned same, the short circuit current that flows through second servo loop DL2 is I
d=(2/3) × [Ue/ (R0+R2//R3)]=(2/3) × [500KV/ (7.14 Ω+0.333 Ω)]=44.55KA, the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 rupturing capacity is 63KA, has possessed safe breaking capacity.
3, after the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 cut-offs, all short circuit currents flow to resistance R 3, R3 temperature is sharply raise, rise to 10 Ω by 1 Ω, seal in major loop, short circuit current I=500KV/ (7.14 Ω+10 Ω)=29.17KA, limits short circuit current in 63KA by this device thus, makes rupturing capacity realize the device of the safe disjunction to 70KA short circuit current at the main circuit breaker DL0 of 63KA.
Loss power about resistance R 1 in the time normally moving calculates, P=I
2× R, 500KV circuit transmission power is 1,000,000 kilowatts, Ie=1250A, P=1250
2× 0.0025=3.9KW, the power consumption of the suitable three-phase floor air conditioner of this power, by load curve year loss approximately 20,000 degree electric weight, power supply department can bear in expense, and the power consuming in the time that load is lower can be less.
Relaying protection and secondary control loop design circuit breaker trip order are as follows: as in the time that D3 point is short-circuited fault, by the quick first tripping of the 1st circuit breaker DL1, time is 10-20ms, as tripping the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 again after the 1st circuit breaker DL1 tripping, the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 closing circuit seals in auxiliary magnet after the 1st circuit breaker DL1 separating brake as locking, guarantee could disconnect after the 1st circuit breaker DL1 separating brake, as the 1st circuit breaker DL1, the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 all disconnects the about 30-40ms of rear generation holding time, in major loop, seal in resistance R 3, R3 1 Ω that appreciated rises to approximately 10 Ω, and the about 50-80ms of switch off time of general main circuit breaker DL0, in design, require to complete resistance R before the operate time of main circuit breaker DL0 relay protection setting
3intensification rise resistance process, final purpose is the object that makes to realize in main circuit breaker DL0 loop current limliting.Theoretical calculating, the short circuit current of major loop seals in after R3=10 Ω, short circuit current drops to 500KV/ (7.14 Ω+10 Ω)=29.17KA by 70KA, can make like this rupturing capacity be the circuit breaker of 63KA can be under 70KA electric current safety cut-off, this device is because thermistor has the high resistance characteristic that thermal resistance value can keep 1-10 minute simultaneously, can make the reclosing of main circuit breaker DL0 and secondary reclosing coincide with permanent fault time greatly reduce the fault current value while combined floodgate, resistance is pure resistive impedance simultaneously, the arc extinguishing of primary cut-out has been created to very good loading condition.
For improving the operate time of the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 switch, in Practical Project, also the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 switched power electronic solid state device can be realized, through multistage string thyristor device in parallel, the high-power turn-off devices such as GTO, IGBT, IGCT are through multistage connection in series-parallel through light-operated or alternate manner control turn-off circuit electric current fast, and can complete operate time in 5ms-10ms.Such the 1st circuit breaker DL1, the total switch off time of the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 can be controlled in 20-30ms and complete.Guarantee main circuit breaker DL0 adjust into switch off time as the time of 50-100ms in, make R3 significantly resistance appreciate.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure 4, the present embodiment is that a kind of many circuit breakers rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, and structure and the operation principle of the present embodiment are substantially the same manner as Example 1.Rise resistance unit through main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st component level successively from bus and be connected to power transmission line direction, the 1st component level rises on resistance unit the 2nd, the 3rd component level in parallel successively and rises resistance unit and a resistance R 4, wherein the 1st component level rise resistance unit be in series by the 1st circuit breaker DL1 and resistance R 1, the 2nd component level rises resistance unit and is in series by the 2nd circuit breaker DL2 and resistance R 2, and the 3rd component level rises resistance unit and is in series by the 3rd circuit breaker DL3 and resistance R 3.The 1st component level rises resistance unit and the 2nd component level and rises to hinder between unit and be connected through isolating switch G1, G2.Resistance R 4 two ends connect respectively overvoltage protection lightning arrester FZ1, FZ2 ground connection.Under normal temperature, the resistance of resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4 is respectively 0.001 Ω, 0.01 Ω, 0.1 Ω, 1 Ω.
Claims (10)
1. circuit breaker more than a kind rises the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: from bus successively through main circuit breaker DL0, the 1st component level rises resistance unit and is connected to power transmission line direction, the 1st component level rises on resistance unit successively the in parallel the 2nd and rises resistance unit to n-1 component level, a least significant end resistance R n in parallel, wherein i component level rise resistance unit connected with resistance R i by i circuit breaker DLi, described the 1st component level rises resistance unit and the 2nd component level rises between resistance unit through high voltage isolator G1, G2 connects, described resistance R n two ends connect respectively overvoltage protection lightning arrester FZ1, FZ2 ground connection, wherein n gets arbitrary natural number of 3～9, 1≤i≤n-1,
Wherein resistance R 1 to Rn is the thermistor of the high-power PTC material of tap with tap or controllable adjustable gear, and the resistance size under described resistance R 1, R2 to Rn normal temperature is by the jump relation of integral multiple and increase gradually.
2. many circuit breakers according to claim 1 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: described resistance R 1 to Rn resistance after short circuit current heats up is 10～100 times of resistance under normal temperature; Resistance under described resistance R 1, R2 to Rn normal temperature increases gradually by the multiple relation of 5～30 times.
3. many circuit breakers according to claim 2 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: described resistance R 1 to Rn is metal or its alloy material with the resistive type high-melting-point value of positive temperature coefficient, is placed in vacuum or SF
6middle insulation-encapsulated.
4. many circuit breakers according to claim 2 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: described resistance R 1 to Rn is dystectic conducting ceramic material and conducting high polymers thing, is placed in vacuum or SF
6middle insulation-encapsulated.
5. many circuit breakers according to claim 1 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: described main circuit breaker DL0 is SF
6circuit breaker or vacuum circuit-breaker; Described i circuit breaker DLi adopts SF
6circuit breaker, vacuum circuit-breaker, oil circuit breaker or thyristor electronic power switch.
6. many circuit breakers according to claim 1 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: the zinc oxide arrester that described overvoltage protection lightning arrester FZ1, FZ2 are voltage levels.
7. many circuit breakers according to claim 2 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: it is tungsten filament, nickel wire, molybdenum filament, platinum filament, iron wire, copper wire, iron copper-tungsten, dilval, nickel cobalt (alloy), Perminvar, tungsten-rhenium wire, tungsten nickel cobalt, tungsten-molybdenum alloy, tungsten nickel or tungsten-rhenium alloy that described resistance R 1 to Rn adopts material, or the high-temperature alloy body adulterating by other rare earth metal or be
Nitride conductivity ceramics: zirconium nitride ZrN, titanium nitride TiN, silicon oxynitride Si
2n
2o, niobium nitride NbN;
Boride conductivity ceramics: MoB
2, ZrB
2, TiB
2, LaB
6, HfB
2, CrB
2, TaB
2, NbB
2, UB
2, WB
2, MoB, ThB
2;
Silicide conductivity ceramics: MoSi
2, NbSi
2, Cr
3si, Cr
3si
2, CrSi
2, ZrSi
2, Mg
2si, TiSi
2, WSi
2, VSi
2;
And by rear-earth-doped nitride or boride, or the conductivity ceramics body material of silicide, or for selecting conducting polymer materials, comprise by conductive polymeric composite and filled-type conducting polymer composite and forming; Filled-type comprises: carbon black filled type, metal filled type, blending type; Typical conducting polymer composite is: polyacetylene PA, polyaniline PAN, polypyrrole PPX, polythiophene PTH, the poly-Power Resistor that the materials such as benzene PPP, poly-phenylethylene PPV are made.
8. many circuit breakers according to claim 8 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: described resistance R 1 to Rn is the high-power thermal resistor device of cement mo(u)ld, ceramic mould positive temperature coefficient, or the resistor of the honeycomb structured body of above material.
9. many circuit breakers according to claim 2 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: if n gets 3 o'clock, under normal temperature, the resistance of resistance R 1, R2, R3 is respectively 0.0025 Ω, 0.05 Ω, 1 Ω; In the time that n gets 4, under normal temperature, the resistance of resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4 is respectively 0.001 Ω, 0.01 Ω, 0.1 Ω, 1 Ω.
10. many circuit breakers according to claim 1 rise the fault current limiter of resistance with positive warm type resistance combined classification, it is characterized in that: in the common integrated SF6 gas cabinet that is placed in a sealing of assembly of described circuit breaker and described resistance, combine integrated construction unit with GIS and manufacture.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110912096A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-03-24 | 湖南大学 | Fault discharge device based on ZnO piezoresistor and control method thereof |
| CN115127143A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-30 | 美智光电科技股份有限公司 | Operation control method and device, controller, heating equipment and storage medium |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02254924A (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1990-10-15 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Overcurrent protection circuit |
| JP2002238148A (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-23 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Overcurrent protective circuit |
| CN203826943U (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-09-10 | 张健 | Combined stepped resistance increasing fault current limiter with multiple circuit breakers and positive-temperature resistors |
-
2014
- 2014-01-26 CN CN201410036647.XA patent/CN103779856B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02254924A (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1990-10-15 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Overcurrent protection circuit |
| JP2002238148A (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-23 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Overcurrent protective circuit |
| CN203826943U (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-09-10 | 张健 | Combined stepped resistance increasing fault current limiter with multiple circuit breakers and positive-temperature resistors |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110912096A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-03-24 | 湖南大学 | Fault discharge device based on ZnO piezoresistor and control method thereof |
| CN115127143A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-30 | 美智光电科技股份有限公司 | Operation control method and device, controller, heating equipment and storage medium |
| CN115127143B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-08-25 | 美智光电科技股份有限公司 | Operation control method, device, controller, heating equipment and storage medium |
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