CN103778453A - Writable two-dimensional bar code based on fault-tolerant mechanism and generating method thereof - Google Patents
Writable two-dimensional bar code based on fault-tolerant mechanism and generating method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a writable two-dimensional bar code based on a fault-tolerant mechanism and a generating method thereof. According to the writable two-dimensional bar code, a writable geometrical layer is overlaid on the center of the code word of the two-dimensional bar code to serve as a selection switch, black cells and white cells in the geometrical layer represent 1 and 0 respectively, and the number of cells occupied by the writable geometrical layer is not larger than the error correction capacity r of each data block of the two-dimensional code in the corresponding version; the fault-tolerant mechanism of the two-dimensional bar code is fully utilized, and separation and output of the code word content of the two-dimensional bar code can be achieved through control by writing information into the additionally arranged writable geometrical pattern.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planar bar code technology field, more specifically, relate to a kind of two-dimensional bar code write and generation method thereof based on fault tolerant mechanism.
Background technology
Two-dimensional bar code (2D Barcode) is invented the earliest in Japan, and two-dimensional bar code utilizes dexterously " 0 ", the concept of " 1 " bit stream that form computer-internal logical foundations on the basis of one-dimensional bar code, forms that is black
(1) pattern of white (0) is arranged regularly on two dimensional surface, expresses various information with 0,1 sequence, comprises even sound of numeral, English alphabet, Chinese character, picture.From then on, automatically process to realize information by image input device or photoelectric scanning device automatically identifying and reading, just can read various information with mobile device.In addition, two-dimensional bar code has the fault-tolerance of height, as long as the stained region of two-dimension code image is no more than just intact ground of the energy sense information of fault-tolerant rank of this version.
The application of two-dimensional bar code has been penetrated into multiple sector applications fields such as food and drink, shopping, supermarket, automobile, IT, medium, tourism both at home and abroad at present, or even on industrial products and agricultural product, has all used Quick Response Code.As the technology of new generation of Internet of Things entrance, along with the universal of mobile device, moment becomes the indispensable application in each large field to two-dimensional bar code.
For the industry of information flow, circulation information is different in different phase, as item tracing, meeting material, manufactured parts, customer service, mail-order are transported, maintenance record, dangerous goods, logistics supply, ecological Studies.With regard to the function of two-dimensional bar code, belong to static information, once information forms, just can not change.In a circulation chain, the people of different nodes needs fetch phase information, if will use the storage of conventional two-dimensional bar code, just need constantly to generate a large amount of Quick Response Codes, this is all lower for circulation efficiency and resource utilization.If can make full use of the resource of two-dimensional bar code, the information high concentration of making is isolated together and to some extent, reads when needed the information of relevant portion, not only can improve the resource utilization of two-dimensional bar code, can also accomplish that interim information isolation is with interim secret.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming at least one defect (deficiency) described in above-mentioned prior art, first the present invention proposes a kind of two-dimensional bar write based on fault tolerant mechanism, the fault tolerant mechanism that this can write two-dimensional bar and take full advantage of two-dimensional bar code is a kind of two-dimensional bar code of the nodal information that can storage flows.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of implementation method of writing two-dimensional bar code.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of two-dimensional bar code write based on fault tolerant mechanism, superposes the geometric graph layer that can write as selector switch at the center position of two-dimensional bar code code word, and black in the geometric graph layer that can write, Bai little Ge represents respectively 1,0; The shared lattice number of the described geometric graph layer of writing is no more than the error correction capability r of corresponding each data block of version Quick Response Code.
Can write and in two-dimensional bar code, store streaming node information at this, and select the needed nodal information of user by the geometric graph layer that can write.Because the coordinate that utilizes view finding figure is located fast to the geometric graph layer that can write, therefore the stacked center position that is added in of the geometric graph that can write can reduce the time of scanning recognition and improve the accuracy rate of recognition.
In two-dimensional bar code, a sign character not scanning or cannot decoding is called refuses read error, and the sign character of mistake decoding is called alternative mistake.Wherein, the repairable quantity that substitutes and refuse read error is provided by following formula:
E ten 2t≤d-p
Wherein: e is for refusing read error number, and t is for substituting wrong number, and d is error correcting code number of words, and p is error-detecting code number of words.In the above in formula, the p=3 of version 1-L symbol, the p=2 of version 1-M symbol and version 2-L symbol, the p=1 of version 1-H, 1-Q and 3-L symbol, p=0 in other situations.
The two-dimensional bar code of writing of the present invention is exactly the fault-tolerance of having utilized two-dimensional bar code, initiatively give new implication by some regions, such as the selection to information, but add writable area territory can cause alternative mistake, therefore the size in writable area territory is made to following standard: its geometric graph layer that can write is rectangle, makes its length and width be respectively a, b, the error correction capability of a data block of corresponding version Quick Response Code is r, one of them character is represented by 8 sub-boxes, a × b≤8 × r.
In the preferred scheme of one, making the Quick Response Code figure length of side is c, and its region is shown with coordinates table:
The point that defines its upper left corner is positioned at two-dimensional bar code center, and its coordinate is:
The region coordinates table of the geometric graph layer that can write is shown:
As can be seen here, the shared code word number of geometric graph layer that can write is less than the error correction capability of each data block, guaranteed like this two-dimensional bar code correct decoding.More than be the error correction capability space that utilizes to greatest extent two-dimensional bar code, in actual applications, writable area can increase to some extent or dwindle according to actual conditions, in any case but, area can not be greater than above region.
In order to take into account in practical application, the situation such as two-dimensional bar code is stained, should reserve certain error correction capability space for two-dimensional bar code error correction, and the region coordinate range of the described geometric graph layer of writing is:
The above-mentioned Quick Response Code of writing two-dimensional bar code and can be applicable to various code systems, comprises QR code, PDF417, Data Matrix code, Maxi code code etc.
The two-dimensional bar code of writing of the present invention is the fault tolerant mechanism of utilizing two-dimensional bar code, and simulation produces the geometric graph layer that can write above two-dimensional bar code code word, as the information writable area of two-dimensional bar code content.Identical with traditional individual layer black and white Quick Response Code, this writable area utilizes the monochrome pixels point of the concept of " 0 ", " 1 " bit stream of forming computer-internal logical foundations to distinguish different constituencies information equally, and for different editions number and error-correction level, marker space quantity also has respective change.Due to the fault tolerant mechanism of two-dimensional bar code, writable area is as the stained region of two-dimensional bar code, in two-dimensional bar code limit of tolerance, so the information content of two-dimensional bar code is not read and had any impact.What is called can be write, and is because rewriting to writable area, and does not affect the reading of code word content of two-dimensional bar code.
A generation system for the described two-dimensional bar code write, comprise can write two-dimensional bar code generation module, can write two-dimensional bar code decoder module, the special generation module of writable area, two-dimensional bar code are rewritten module, writable area information is translated module selectively, information is translated module and read module selectively;
The described two-dimensional bar code generation module of writing is for generating corresponding two-dimensional bar code according to the original coding information content and segmentation requirement, and the geometric graph layer that stack can be write thereon;
The described two-dimensional bar code decoder module of writing, for the two-dimensional bar code write after scanning is carried out to decoding, draws the two-dimensional bar code original coding information content to be expressed;
The special generation module of described writable area is translated selectively and can be write figure layer for information generated, and this information is translated selectively, and can to write two-dimensional bar code be to be formed by 0,1 combined sequence;
Described two-dimensional bar code is rewritten module and can be write two-dimensional bar code and print and write on the geometric graph layer that can write with black and white sequence for information is translated selectively;
Described writable area information is translated module selectively for according to the putting in order of the black and white sequence of the geometric graph layer that can write, and selects the corresponding data section of its place two-dimensional bar code to carry out decoding;
Described information is translated module selectively for according to the upper information of the geometric graph layer that can write, and selection can be write the data segment in two-dimensional bar code;
Described read module is for translating selectively and can write that two-dimensional bar code reads and decoding information.
Can write two-dimensional bar code generation module for generating corresponding two-dimensional bar code according to the original coding information content and segmentation requirement, and the geometric graph layer that stack can be write thereon, change into after data bit stream by raw information, by certain algorithm, data bit stream is rearranged, 0,1 data message after resetting is carried out to RS error correction and carries out remaining flow process by standard code algorithm.Finally add and can write figure layer in the superiors of the Quick Response Code code figure generating, form a width and be equivalent to the two-dimensional bar code after encryption, now, if direct scanning two-dimension bar code, result is out a pile mess code.
The decoding process that can write in two-dimensional bar code decoder module is the inverse process of coding flow process, first writable area is carried out to sequential extraction procedures, after decoding, shows according to sequence information the information content of selecting.
The special generation module of writable area is can write figure layer for generating, and the lattice shape that this figure layer is rectangle can write the information such as 0,1, different full-filling modes, the implication difference of representative toward it.
It is a kind of modified module that can carry out to the geometric graph layer that can write full-filling that two-dimensional bar code is rewritten module, as instrument seal.
It is difference 0,1 sequence by writing the geometric graph layer that can write that writable area information is translated module selectively, corresponding to certain segment information after this two-dimensional bar code decoding, now, black (1) white (0) sequence that writable area writes is just equal to a secret key, only know that correct sequence just can read correct information, can accomplish well that information isolation and session information are secret.Because writable area territory just can not be wiped after writing, therefore two-dimensional bar code can be destroyed if only write arbitrarily.The sequence figure place of supposing writable area is 6, has 2
6=64 different sequences, but the hop count of two-dimensional bar code segmentation is limited, therefore if do not know in the situation of correct sequence, guessing and write writable area right, to read the probability of correct information very little.
It is to utilize between message segment to insert separator that information is translated module selectively, and to data message staging treating, separator is the symbol that the primary data information (pdi) frequency of occurrences is very low, in the time of coding, still can carry out bit stream translation according to coding schedule.
In the preferred scheme of one, the described two-dimensional bar code generation module of writing is according to the original coding information content and the segmentation requirement of input, analysis of encoding text, select error-correction level, version number, to data encoding, data character is converted into data bit stream, data sequence is encrypted and Error Correction of Coding, the final code word sequence of tectonic information is arranged and floods in matrix, the corresponding two-dimensional bar code of the final generation of production form and version information.
In the preferred scheme of one, the original coding information of input is required to carry out segmentation according to segmentation, interpolation inlet identity separator between section and section, separator is " * * * ";
Read module is carrying out data extraction, and separator " * * * " occurrence number is i, when extracting n segment information, i=n-1 is extracted to the information between i=n.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is: the fault tolerant mechanism of writing two-dimensional bar code and take full advantage of two-dimensional bar code of the present invention, by to the geometric figure writing information of writing of setting up, thereby control the separation and the output that realize Quick Response Code code word content.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is two-dimensional bar code version 2 piecemeal schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is simple sort algorithm process flow diagram.
Fig. 3 is code word bit stream rearrangement scheme coding flow process.
Fig. 4 is for can write finally generation figure of two-dimensional bar code.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing, only for exemplary illustration, can not be interpreted as the restriction to this patent;
For better explanation the present embodiment, some parts of accompanying drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent the size of actual product;
To those skilled in the art, in accompanying drawing some known features and explanation thereof may to omit be understandable.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
The present invention is two-dimensional bar code and the generation method thereof that can write function of having proposing based on two-dimensional bar code fault-tolerance.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and instantiation, the designed two-dimensional bar code of the present invention is described in detail.
1. data message code word is reset scheme
1) key function can writing two-dimensional bar code is according to user's needs, to carry out information isolation to input message, then according to the black and white sequence of writable area, the information of separating is extracted to recognition selectively.Reset scheme for data message code word, object is that raw information is carried out to regular hiding, be different from the conventional two-dimensional code that generally can distinguish out by general recognizing apparatus such as mobile phones at present, accomplish only can, by after writable area sequential extraction procedures, could effectively read the final effect of corresponding information.
2) be the confidentiality of guarantee information, the sort algorithm that primary data information (pdi) bit stream is reset can be self-defined by user, also can use sort algorithm that supplier provides or more senior cryptographic algorithm.Sort algorithm thought is the data bit stream rearrangement to forming, the simple sort algorithm that the present embodiment provides:
(21) suppose source information to carry out, after data bit stream coding, obtaining data bit stream
f(n)={x
1，x
2，x
3，x
4…x
n}
Wherein n=0,1,2,3......
(22), by data bit stream segmentation, every k position is one section, if the quantity of bit stream is not the integral multiple of k, and several remaining no longer execution operations below.N is divided by j more than k in tentation data bit stream f (n), wherein (j<k), and segmentation is as follows:
{x
1，x
2，x
3，x
4…x
k}
{x
k+1，x
k+2，x
k+3，x
k+4…x
2k}
{x
2k+1，x
2k+2，x
2k+3，x
2k+4…x
3k}
……
{x
n-j+1，x
n-j+2，x
n-j+3…x
n}
(23) the k bit data of each section is carried out to displacement position operation in a certain order, suppose k=8, according to the order of " 37156842 ", first data segment is carried out to displacement position operation, that is: change to first for the 3rd of former notebook data the, change to second for the 7th of former notebook data ... the rest may be inferred.After transposition,, data bit stream encrypt after new by obtaining.For example, by after first paragraph data stream displacement position, obtain result as follows:
{x
3，x
7，x
1，x
5，x
6，x
8，x
4，x
2}
3) resetting cryptographic algorithm is Embedded algorithm, is to the simplifying and improving of tradition coding flow process, the design by sort algorithm be embedded in data character be converted into bit stream after and position before Error Correction of Coding, amended coding flow process is as shown in Figure 3.
2. the geometric graph layer that can write
In two-dimensional bar code, a sign character not scanning or cannot decoding is called refuses read error, and the sign character of mistake decoding is called alternative mistake.Wherein, the repairable quantity that substitutes and refuse read error is provided by following formula:
e+2t≤d-p
Wherein: e is for refusing read error number, and t is for substituting wrong number, and d is error correcting code number of words, and p is error-detecting code number of words.In the above in formula, the p=3 of version 1-L symbol, the p=2 of version 1-M symbol and version 2-L symbol, the p=1 of version 1-H, 1-Q and 3-L symbol, p=0 in other situations.
Writable area territory is exactly the fault-tolerance of having utilized two-dimensional bar code, initiatively give new implication by some regions, such as the selection to information, but add writable area territory can cause alternative mistake, therefore the size in writable area territory is made to following standard:
The setting coordinate of writable area can be with reference to QR code national standard (GB-T18284-2000).The design defines the center position of writable area at two-dimensional bar code, reason is to utilize the coordinate of view finding figure to locate fast writable area, reduce the time of scanning recognition and improve the accuracy rate of recognition, the shared lattice of geometric figure in writable area territory are counted the error correction capability r that n can not exceed each data block of two-dimensional bar code of this version.Writable area is shaped as rectangle, and establishing it long is a, and wide is b, and r is the error correction capability of data of two-dimensional bar code, and one of them character is represented by 8 sub-boxes, a × b≤8 × r
Wherein r is the error correction capability of two-dimensional bar code data block.
Suppose that the two-dimensional bar code figure length of side is c, its region is shown with coordinates table:
{(x，y)|0≤x≤c，0≤y≤c}
Because writable area is rectangle, the point that defines its upper left corner is positioned at two-dimensional bar code center, and its coordinate is:
The region of writable area is shown with coordinates table
As can be seen here, the shared code word number of writable area is less than the error correction capability of each data block, has guaranteed like this two-dimensional bar code correct decoding.More than derive and be the error correction capability space that utilizes to greatest extent two-dimensional bar code, in actual applications, writable area can increase to some extent or dwindle according to actual conditions, in any case but, area can not be greater than above region.In order to take into account in practical application, the situation such as two-dimensional bar code is stained, should reserve certain error correction capability space for two-dimensional bar code error correction, and the region of the writable area of therefore recommending is:
The QR code sign error correction characteristic table of comparisons in GB, as table 1:
The table 1QR code sign error correction characteristic table of comparisons
* (c, k, r): c=code word sum k=numeric data code number of words r=error correction capability
The fault-tolerant rank of minimum (1-L) of minimal version, can tolerate the mistake of 2 code words.But because release level is when too low, data volume is also few, two-dimensional bar code is added to writable area and select to read and do not have much meanings, therefore starting to add the writable area information of carrying out from version 3, the two-dimensional bar code write of the present invention's definition selects to read.
3. the present embodiment is defined as follows according to QR code national standard (GB-T18284-2000):
Version 1～version 2 is not established writable area.From version 3, suppose that writable area territory is 4 lattice, has 2
4-2=14 kind sequence is available, and object is to improve the confidentiality of each segment information, is difficult for being guessed right.And two kinds of sequences 0000 and 1111 of residue represent respectively full-time course and full lock (two-dimensional bar code calcellation).Corresponding what information of which sequence is self-defined by user, the segmentation situation (dividing how many sections) of each version is also self-defined on demand by user, as version 6-M, has 4 data blocks (according to standard GB/T-T18284-2000), can be divided at most 4 sections, other is as the same.
For writable area territory, utilizing two-dimensional bar code to rewrite module can realize its rewriting, be rewritten as unidirectional not reproducible, after rewriting, can not read again the content before rewriting, as rewrite postorder and classify 0101 as, can not read 0100 content, the people of rewriting must know the correct sequence of the content that he need to understand, otherwise only can destroy Quick Response Code again.
The coding method that this programme proposes comprises the following steps:
(1) information segmenting pre-service
First according to user's demand, the segment data information of user's input is carried out to pre-service, pre-service refers to the hop count of determining that user separates primary data information (pdi), between section and section, inserts segment identification separator, and separator is " * * * ".
(2) coded message is converted into bit stream
And will comprise that the information between separator converts data bit stream to according to the digital alphabet pattern-coding/decoding table in quick response matrix code national standard (GB-T18284-2000), for the data message bit stream drawing, separator " * * * " occurrence number is i, when extracting n segment information, i=n-1 is extracted to the information between i=n.
(3) data bit stream is reset
The shuffle algorithm of selecting according to user, puts into shuffle algorithm by the data bit stream converting to the bit stream data of normal sequence is upset according to certain logic, draws a data bit stream being equivalent to after encryption.
(4) then the data bit stream after this encryption is carried out to the standard code process encodings such as Error Correction of Coding, structural matrix, mask, generation version information, generate standard two-dimensional barcode image.
(5) last, on the out of order two-dimensional bar code figure generating, add and can write figure.
Embodiment
(1) data message of establishing user's input, for " Hello World ", is established user this information is divided into two sections, and version and level of error correction are (3-H), and the data message after pre-service is " Hello***World*** ";
(2) according to the digital alphabet pattern-coding/decoding table in quick response matrix code national standard (GB-T18284-2000), as shown in table 2
Table 2 digital alphabet pattern-coding/decoding table
Being converted to after bit stream is 11,010,000,110,110,011,011,010,001,001,110,101,101,111,100,011,001,111,101 1101010100011101101000110111110111100011000000010110010;
(3) by above-mentioned data bit stream according to above-mentioned shuffle algorithm, bit stream after treatment is 00,100,011,100,110,111,010,101,001,011,001,111,011,100,110,100,110,011,111 0010111100011110111001001001111111100101000001000110010;
(4) data bit stream after treatment is put standard code flow process into, and is superimposed with and can writes figure on the Quick Response Code code figure generating, and establishing and stamping sequence is 01001, and the Quick Response Code figure finally generating as shown in Figure 4.
The corresponding same or analogous parts of same or analogous label;
In accompanying drawing, describe position relationship for only for exemplary illustration, can not be interpreted as the restriction to this patent;
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here without also giving exhaustive to all embodiments.All any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the two-dimensional bar code write based on fault tolerant mechanism, is characterized in that, superposes the geometric graph layer that can write as selector switch at the center position of two-dimensional bar code code word, and black in the geometric graph layer that can write, Bai little Ge represents respectively 1,0; The shared lattice number of the described geometric graph layer of writing is no more than the error correction capability r of corresponding each data block of version Quick Response Code.
2. the two-dimensional bar code write based on fault tolerant mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described geometric graph layer of writing is rectangle, make its length and width be respectively a, b, the error correction capability of a data block of corresponding version Quick Response Code is r, one of them character is represented by 8 sub-boxes, a × b≤8 × r.
3. the two-dimensional bar code write based on fault tolerant mechanism according to claim 2, is characterized in that, making the Quick Response Code figure length of side is c, and its region is shown with coordinates table:
The point that defines its upper left corner is positioned at two-dimensional bar code center, and its coordinate is:
Wherein
expression is no more than
maximum positive integer.
The maximum region coordinates table of the geometric graph layer that can write is shown:
4. the two-dimensional bar code write based on fault tolerant mechanism according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the region coordinate range of the described geometric graph layer of writing is:
5. the generation system of the two-dimensional bar code write described in claim 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, comprise can write two-dimensional bar code generation module, can write two-dimensional bar code decoder module, special generation module, two-dimensional bar code are rewritten module, writable area information is translated module selectively, information is translated module and read module selectively;
The described two-dimensional bar code generation module of writing is for generating corresponding two-dimensional bar code according to the original coding information content and segmentation requirement, and the geometric graph layer that stack can be write thereon;
The described two-dimensional bar code decoder module of writing, for the two-dimensional bar code write after scanning is carried out to decoding, draws the two-dimensional bar code original coding information content to be expressed;
Described special generation module is translated selectively and can be write two-dimensional bar code for information generated, and this information is translated selectively, and can to write two-dimensional bar code be to be formed by 0,1 combined sequence;
Described two-dimensional bar code is rewritten module and can be write two-dimensional bar code and print and write on the geometric graph layer that can write with black and white sequence for information is translated selectively;
Described writable area information is translated module selectively for according to the putting in order of the black and white sequence of the geometric graph layer that can write, and selects the corresponding data section of its place two-dimensional bar code to carry out decoding;
Described information is translated module selectively for according to the upper information of the geometric graph layer that can write, and selection can be write the data segment in two-dimensional bar code;
Described read module is for translating selectively and can write that two-dimensional bar code reads and decoding information.
6. generation system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the described two-dimensional bar code generation module of writing is according to the original coding information content and the segmentation requirement of input, and analysis of encoding text, selects error-correction level, version number, to data encoding, data character is converted into data bit stream, data sequence is encrypted and Error Correction of Coding, the final code word sequence of tectonic information, in matrix, arrange and flood, the corresponding two-dimensional bar code of the final generation of production form and version information.
7. generation system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the original coding information of input is required to carry out segmentation according to segmentation, interpolation inlet identity separator between section and section, and separator is " * * * ";
Read module is carrying out data extraction, and separator " * * * " occurrence number is i, when extracting n segment information, i=n-1 is extracted to the information between i=n.
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| CN113610203A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-11-05 | 清华大学 | Bit stream coding method and device for quick response matrix code |
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