CN103762600A - Secondary voltage control method based on measurement quality reliability judgment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a secondary voltage control method based on measurement quality reliability judgment. The method includes the following steps that pilot buses participating in secondary voltage reactive power control are analyzed and determined; a judgment basis is set for judging the reliability of voltage measurement values of the pilot buses; flexibility coefficient matrixes of the voltage of all the pilot buses are calculated relative to generator reactive power output; a secondary voltage control model is established considering the voltage reliability of the pilot buses, and reactive power regulating variables of all controlled generators are solved; according to the reactive power regulating variables of the controlled generators, secondary voltage reactive power control is performed. The minimum voltage deviation of the measurement reliable pilot bus is classified as a control objective, so that measurement errors of the unreliable pilot bus are prevented from affecting correctness of a solving strategy, and reliability of secondary voltage reactive power control is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a secondary voltage control method based on measurement quality reliability judgment, and belongs to the technical field of power system scheduling.
Background
The Automatic Voltage Control (Automatic Voltage Control) means that under the normal operation condition, the condition of the reactive power and the Voltage of the power grid is monitored in real time, online optimization calculation is carried out, the reactive power supply and related equipment of the power grid are controlled in a layered and regional mode, the reactive power flow distribution is optimized, and the purposes that the Voltage of the whole power grid is qualified and the active loss of the whole power grid is minimum are achieved. The existing automatic Voltage Control includes Primary Voltage Control (PVC), Secondary Voltage Control (SVC), and Tertiary Voltage Control (TVC).
The secondary voltage control is a partitioned voltage control mode, is responsible for coordinating the work of various primary voltage control devices in the region through a set control strategy, and has response time of tens of seconds to several minutes which is necessarily longer than that of the primary voltage control. The control target is that when the load in the system changes relatively slowly (relative to primary voltage control) or the regional network structure changes to cause the voltage of a main conducting node in a region to deviate, the voltage reference value of primary voltage control equipment in the region is reset according to a preset control strategy according to the reference voltage of the main conducting node determined by a three-level voltage controller (for example, the voltage reference value of an automatic voltage regulator of a generator is changed, a capacitor and a reactor are switched, the load is switched, and a tap of an on-load tap changer is locked if necessary), so that the region operates under a good voltage level.
The "master node" and "control area" based secondary voltage control scheme was first proposed by the french electric power group (EDF) in 1972 at the international major power conference. The scheme runs for years in an actual power system and achieves considerable effect. Subsequently, italian, spain, japan, etc. have also adopted this scheme in succession and used so far.
The research of China on the aspect of automatic voltage control is late compared with that of Europe and America, and the research is gradually paid attention by researchers and power grid operators in recent years. The idea is that a typical secondary voltage control model is established on the basis of hierarchical zoning, reactive power regulating quantity of a generator is solved, and voltage reactive power control is carried out. Currently, much of the follow-up research is based on this control scheme.
The existing two-stage voltage control mode has the following defects: the reliability of the voltage measurement value of the central bus is not considered, and the measurement result acquired by a data acquisition and monitoring control System (SCADA) is often directly adopted as the reliable data to perform voltage reactive power control. Therefore, the influence of the measurement quality on the voltage reactive power control is ignored, and the threat to the safe and reliable operation of the regional power system is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a secondary voltage control method based on measurement quality reliability judgment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a secondary voltage control method based on measurement quality reliability judgment comprises the following steps:
s1, analyzing and determining a central bus participating in secondary voltage reactive power control;
s2, establishing a judgment basis to carry out reliability judgment on the voltage measurement value of the central bus;
s3, calculating a sensitivity coefficient matrix of all the central bus voltages relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator;
s4, establishing a secondary voltage control model considering the reliability of the central bus voltage, and solving the reactive power regulating quantity of each controlled generator;
and S5, performing secondary voltage reactive power control according to the reactive power regulating quantity of the controlled generator.
Preferably, the step of determining the reliability of the voltage measurement value of the central bus comprises:
for the central bus i, the voltage measurement value is ViObtaining the line parameters of k (k is a positive integer greater than 2) branches connected with the branch line and the measured value of an opposite end j, and estimating the current voltage value V of the central bus i from the jth branch according to a branch flow equationi (j)N is k number of Vi (j)And ViAre compared one by one and set a threshold value epsilona，εaThe voltage quality discrimination threshold, which can be set by the user, is related to the accuracy of the measuring instruments of different voltage classes:
(1) if | Vi-Vi (j)|<εaThen, the voltage value V of the central bus i derived from the j end is consideredi (j)Can prove the actual measurement value ViCredibility;
(2) if | Vi-Vi (j)|≥εaThen, the voltage value V of the central bus i derived from the j end is consideredi (j)Can prove the actual measurement value ViAnd is not trusted.
The k branches are judged one by one, and the certificates V with the numbers of 1 to q can be obtainediTrusted Vi (j)Certificate V numbered q + 1 to kiUntrusted Vi (j).
Preferably, the determination criterion is:
(1) if it is
The voltage measurement Vi of the backbone bus is deemed to be untrustworthy, when all V's are presenti (j)The state distribution of (2) is judged:
a. if all Vi (j)Conforming to a normal distribution N (mu, sigma)2) Taking the end value of the 95% confidence interval of the normal distribution as the current voltage estimation upper limit of the central bus
Lower limit of
The pivot bus is listed as "measurement-estimable bus";
b. if all Vi (j)If the normal distribution is not met, the central pivot bus is listed as a bad measurement bus;
(2) if it is
Then consider the voltage measurement V of the central busiCredibility, the central bus is listed as "measuring credible bus”；
The 'measurement credible bus' is used as a secondary voltage control target, and the 'measurement estimated bus' and the 'bad measurement bus' are not used as secondary voltage control targets.
Preferably, when k =1, the reliability of the opposite-end bus measurement value of the branch connected to the central bus is determined: if the measurement value of the bus at the opposite end is credible, whether the voltage measurement of the central bus is credible is deduced; if the measurement value of the bus at the opposite end is not credible, the central bus is directly listed as a bad measurement bus.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the sensitivity coefficient matrix comprises the following sub-steps:
setting a generator node type: when the sensitivity of the central bus voltage relative to the controlled generator A is solved, the node where the generator A is located is set as a PQ node, and other controlled generator nodes determine that the node is a PQ or PV node according to whether the other controlled generator nodes participate in primary voltage control;
the equation of reactive power and voltage in the PQ decomposition method is utilized: delta Q = B 'delta V, the number of the diagonal elements corresponding to the PV nodes in the B' matrix is increased, and then the matrix is inverted to obtain the electrical sensitivity of the generator node A to the central bus;
and repeating the steps, completing the electric sensitivity calculation of all generator nodes, and obtaining a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the neutral bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical characteristics:
1. in the control target equation, only the minimum voltage deviation of the 'measurement credible central bus' is taken as a control target, and the existing secondary voltage control model solves all central buses, so that the influence of the measurement error of the incredible central bus on the correctness of the solving strategy is avoided.
2. In the control constraint equation, the processing of measuring the estimated central bus is added, and the upper and lower limits of the voltage estimated value are used for replacing a specific voltage value. Meanwhile, a threshold is set according to the control requirement of a user, the voltage offset of the 'bad measurement central bus' is restrained, and the reliability of the second-level voltage reactive power control is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a two-stage voltage control method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the measurement quality reliability determination according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the two-stage voltage control method provided by the present invention includes the following steps: s1, determining a central bus participating in secondary voltage reactive power control through analysis; s2, carrying out reliability judgment on the voltage measurement value of the central bus; s3, acquiring a sensitivity system matrix of all the central bus voltages relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator according to an admittance matrix equation of the whole network; s4, establishing a secondary voltage control model considering the reliability of the voltage of the central bus, and solving the reactive power regulating quantity of each controlled generator; and S5, performing secondary voltage regulation. The following describes each specific step of the present two-stage voltage control method in detail.
Firstly, a step S1 is introduced, and a central bus participating in secondary voltage reactive power control is analyzed and determined. In the step, the main pivot bus is artificially determined according to an actual line by using a conventional method, and the method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) regional water, high voltage bus of thermal power plant; (2) a secondary bus of the junction substation; (3) there are a number of generator voltage buses that are locally loaded. This is a routine technique known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.
Step S2 is introduced, and the judgment is set according to the reliability judgment of the voltage measurement value of the central bus. The specific determination process in this step is shown in fig. 2, and is specifically described as follows:
firstly, the reliability of the measurement quality of the central bus voltage is judged. Specifically, for the central bus i, the voltage measurement is ViObtaining the line parameters of k (k is a positive integer greater than 2) branches connected with the measuring device and the measured value of the opposite terminal j (including the active measurement P)jReactive power measurement QjVoltage measurement Vj) Determining the current direction according to the formula:
where j =1,2, … k.
The current voltage value V of the neutral bus i estimated by the jth branch can be obtainedi (j)N is k number of Vi (j)And ViAre compared one by one and set a threshold value epsilona，εaThe voltage quality discrimination threshold, which can be set by the user, is related to the accuracy of the measuring instruments of different voltage classes:
if | Vi-Vi (j)|<εaThen, the voltage value V of the central bus i derived from the j end is consideredi (j)Can prove the actual measurement value ViCredibility;
if | Vi-Vi (j)|≥εaThen, the voltage value V of the central bus i derived from the j end is consideredi (j)Can prove the actual measurement value ViAnd is not trusted.
The k branches are judged one by one, and the certificates V with the numbers of 1 to q can be obtainediTrusted Vi (j)Certificate V numbered q + 1 to kiUntrusted Vi (j)。
If it isThen consider the voltage measurement V of the central busiAnd at the moment, a computer is used for Q-Q graphic representation, the quantile of the sample is taken as the abscissa, the corresponding quantile point calculated according to normal distribution is taken as the ordinate, and the sample is expressed as the scattered point of a rectangular coordinate system. If the measurements are normally distributed, the sample points should be in a straight line around the diagonal of the first quadrant. All V's were examined using this methodi (j)Whether it follows a normal distribution:
a. if all Vi (j)Conforming to a normal distribution N (mu, sigma)2) Considering the confidence range of the actual voltage of the bus, the end value of the confidence interval of 95% of the normal distribution can be taken as the current upper limit of the voltage estimation of the central busLower limit of
The pivot bus is listed as "measurement-estimable bus";
b. if all Vi (j)If the distribution is not in accordance with the normal distribution, the central bus is classified as a bad measuring bus. Both of the above are not regarded as secondary voltage control targets, but are reflected in constraints.
If it is
Then consider the voltage measurement V of the central busiAnd credibility, namely, the central bus is listed as a 'measurement credible bus', namely a secondary voltage control target.
It should be noted that if k =1, using the recursive idea, first, the reliability of the opposite-end bus measurement value of the branch connected to the central bus is determined by using the above method: if the measurement value of the bus at the opposite end is credible, whether the voltage measurement of the central bus is credible is deduced; if the measurement value of the bus at the opposite end is not credible, the central bus is directly listed as a bad measurement bus.
The method is used for judging the reliability of the voltage measurement of all the central bus bars, so that the reliable voltage measurement values of n 'measurement reliable bus bars', the voltage estimation upper and lower limit values of m 'measurement estimable bus bars' and s 'bad measurement' bus bars (n, m and s are positive integers) can be obtained, a secondary voltage control model considering the reliability of the central bus bar voltage is further established, and secondary voltage control is carried out according to the reactive power regulating quantity.
Next, a step s3 is introduced, where a typical grid sensitivity solving method is adopted to solve a sensitivity coefficient matrix of all the central bus voltages with respect to the reactive power output of the controlled generator. In the step, according to the admittance matrix equation of the whole grid network, the process of obtaining the sensitivity coefficient matrix of all the central bus voltages relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator comprises the following substeps:
setting the node type of the generator: when the sensitivity of the central bus voltage relative to the controlled generator A is solved, the node where the generator A is located is set as a PQ node, and other controlled generator nodes determine that the node is a PQ or PV node according to whether the other controlled generator nodes participate in primary voltage control. For the generator with the current reactive power regulation margin being very small, it is set as the PQ node.
Using the equation of reactive power and voltage in the PQ decomposition method: and delta Q = B 'delta V, the number of the diagonal elements corresponding to the PV nodes in the B' matrix is increased, and then the matrix is inverted, so that the electrical sensitivity of the generator node A to the central bus can be obtained.
Repeating the steps to complete the electrical sensitivity calculation of all the generator nodes, and obtaining the sensitivity coefficient matrix of the neutral bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator
And step S4, establishing a secondary voltage control model considering the reliability of the central bus voltage, and solving the reactive power regulating quantity of each controlled generator.
According to the judgment result of the reliability of the measurement quality of the central bus voltage, establishing a secondary voltage control model considering the reliability of the measurement quality as follows:
in the above-mentioned formula,
a reactive regulation vector for a controlled generator;
is the current reactive power output vector of the controlled generator;respectively are lower limit value vectors and upper limit value vectors of reactive power output of the controlled generator; vi.nMeasuring the current voltage values of the credible central bus for the n pieces;measuring voltage control target values of the credible central bus for the n measurement credible central buses; vi.nmin、Vi.nmaxRespectively measuring the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the voltage control target of the credible central bus for n;
lower and upper limit values of voltage measurement estimation of the central bus can be estimated for m measurements; vi.mmin、Vi.mmaxRespectively measuring lower limit values and upper limit values of control targets capable of estimating the central bus voltage for m pieces;a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the central bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator;
measuring a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the trusted bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator for the n measured trusted buses;
measuring a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator for the m lines;
measuring a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the voltage of the buses relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator for the s bad blocks;
a sensitivity coefficient matrix for controlled generator terminal voltage versus controlled generator reactive power output; vgThe current terminal voltage value of the controlled generator; vgmin、VgmaxRespectively the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the voltage of the controlled generator terminal; Δ VgMaximum regulation step length for controlled generator terminal voltage; Δ VsMeasuring the maximum regulating quantity of the bus voltage for a fault; alpha and beta are weight coefficients; thetagIs a reactive coordination factor.
Wherein,
Vi.n、Vgthe current operation parameters of the power grid can be acquired in real time;
Vi.nmin、Vi.nmax、Vi.mmin、Vi.mmax、Vgmin、Vgmax、ΔVg、ΔVsthe constraint quantity in the secondary voltage control process is given by people to ensure the equipment safety of the power grid;
the method is given by a three-level voltage control method; alpha and beta are set artificially according to the weight of a control target; thetagObtained by a typical two-stage voltage control method.
And after the steps are completed, S5, solving the reactive power regulating quantity of each controlled generator according to the secondary voltage control model, and issuing an instruction to perform secondary voltage control. The specific implementation of this step is routine to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
Compared with the prior art, the credibility judgment is carried out on the determined voltage measurement values of all the central bus bars to obtain the credible voltage measurement values of n 'measurement credible bus bars', the voltage estimation upper and lower limit values of m 'measurement estimable bus bars' and s 'bad measurement' bus bars, so that the influence of the measurement error of the incredible central bus bars on the correctness of the solution strategy is avoided; the processing of measuring the central bus capable of being estimated is added, and the upper limit and the lower limit of the voltage estimation value are used for replacing a specific voltage value; meanwhile, a threshold is set according to the control requirement of a user, the voltage offset of the 'bad measurement central bus' is restrained, and the reliability of the second-level voltage reactive power control is improved.
The second-level voltage control method based on the reliability judgment of the measurement quality provided by the invention is explained in detail above. Any obvious modifications to the disclosure, which would occur to one skilled in the art, without departing from the true spirit of the disclosure, would constitute a violation of the patent rights afforded by the disclosure and would bear corresponding legal responsibility.
Claims (7)
1. A secondary voltage control method based on measurement quality reliability judgment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, analyzing and determining a central bus participating in secondary voltage reactive power control;
s2, establishing a judgment basis to carry out reliability judgment on the voltage measurement value of the central bus;
s3, calculating a sensitivity coefficient matrix of all the central bus voltages relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator;
s4, establishing a secondary voltage control model considering the reliability of the central bus voltage, and solving the reactive power regulating quantity of each controlled generator;
and S5, performing secondary voltage reactive power control according to the reactive power regulating quantity of the controlled generator.
2. The secondary voltage control method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the confidence level of the voltage measurement of the backbone bus comprises:
the voltage measurement value of the central bus i is ViObtaining the line parameters of k branch circuits connected with the central bus and the measured value of the opposite end j, and estimating the current voltage value V of the central bus i according to the jth branch circuit of the branch circuit tide equationi (j)N is k number of Vi (j)And ViComparing one by one, and setting a voltage quality discrimination threshold value epsilona：
(1) When | Vi-Vi (j)|<εaThen, the voltage value V of the central bus i deduced from the j end is obtainedi (j)Proving the actual measurement value ViCredibility;
(2) when | Vi-Vi (j)|≥εaThen, the voltage value V of the central bus i deduced from the j end is obtainedi (j)Proving the actual measurement value ViIs not credible;
judging the k branches one by one to obtain the certificates V with the numbers of 1 to qiTrusted Vi (j)Certificate V numbered q + 1 to kiUntrusted Vi (j)Wherein k is a positive integer greater than 2.
3. The two-stage voltage control method of claim 2, wherein the determination is based on:
(1) when in use
Then, the voltage measurement V of the central bus is considerediNot trusted, this time for all Vi (j)The state distribution of (2) is judged:
a. when all Vi (j)Conforming to a normal distribution N (mu, sigma)2) And taking the end value of the normal distribution 95% confidence interval as the current voltage estimation upper limit of the central bus
Lower limit of
The central bus is listed as a 'measurement estimable bus';
b. when all Vi (j)If the normal distribution is not met, the central pivot bus is listed as a bad measurement bus;
(2) when in use
Then, the voltage measurement V of the central bus is considerediCredibility, the central bus is listed as "measuring credible bus".
4. The secondary voltage control method of claim 3, wherein the "measured trusted bus" is used as a secondary voltage control target, and the "measured evaluable bus" and the "bad measurement bus" are not used as secondary voltage control targets.
5. The two-stage voltage control method of claim 2,
when k =1, firstly, the reliability of the opposite-end bus measurement value of the branch connected with the central bus is judged: if the measurement value of the bus at the opposite end is credible, whether the voltage measurement of the central bus is credible is deduced; if the measurement value of the bus at the opposite end is not credible, the central bus is directly listed as a bad measurement bus.
6. The two-stage voltage control method of claim 1, wherein the process of obtaining the sensitivity coefficient matrix comprises the sub-steps of:
setting a generator node type: when the sensitivity of the central bus voltage relative to the controlled generator A is solved, the node where the generator A is located is set as a PQ node, and other controlled generator nodes determine that the node is a PQ or PV node according to whether the other controlled generator nodes participate in primary voltage control;
the equation of reactive power and voltage in the PQ decomposition method is utilized: delta Q = B 'delta V, the number of the diagonal elements corresponding to the PV nodes in the B' matrix is increased, and then the matrix is inverted to obtain the electrical sensitivity of the generator node A to the central bus;
and repeating the steps, completing the electric sensitivity calculation of all generator nodes, and obtaining a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the neutral bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator.
7. The two-stage voltage control method of claim 1, wherein the two-stage voltage control model is:
wherein,a reactive regulation vector for a controlled generator;
is the current reactive power output vector of the controlled generator;respectively are lower limit value vectors and upper limit value vectors of reactive power output of the controlled generator; vi.nMeasuring the current voltage values of the credible central bus for the n pieces;measuring voltage control target values of the credible central bus for the n measurement credible central buses; vi.nmin、Vi.nmaxRespectively measuring the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the voltage control target of the credible central bus for n;
lower and upper limit values of voltage measurement estimation of the central bus can be estimated for m measurements; vi.mmin、Vi.mmaxRespectively measuring lower limit values and upper limit values of control targets capable of estimating the central bus voltage for m pieces;a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the central bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator;
measuring a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the trusted bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator for the n measured trusted buses;
measuring a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the bus voltage relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator for the m lines;
measuring a sensitivity coefficient matrix of the voltage of the buses relative to the reactive power output of the controlled generator for the s bad blocks;
a sensitivity coefficient matrix for controlled generator terminal voltage versus controlled generator reactive power output; vgThe current terminal voltage value of the controlled generator; vgmin、VgmaxRespectively the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the voltage of the controlled generator terminal; Δ VgMaximum regulation step length for controlled generator terminal voltage; Δ VsMeasuring the maximum regulating quantity of the bus voltage for a fault; alpha and beta are weight coefficients; thetagIs a reactive coordination factor.
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