Survey the demonstrator of aerostatic buoyancy and liquid buoyancy size
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of demonstrator, relate in particular to a kind of survey buoyancy size comprehensive demonstration instrument that is applicable to teaching.
Background technology
In aerostatic buoyancy when size of calculating object and being subject to, conventionally adopt two kinds of physical methods: 1, get an airtight container A who makes compared with thin material, first weigh up quality m
1, then deflate and make vacuum in container, weigh up quality m
2, the quality m reducing
1-m
2be exactly the quality of air in container, and the aerostatic buoyancy size that container A is subject to is approximately equal to (m
1-m
2) g; The container A of 2, getting a proper volume and sealing, first weighs up quality m
1, then A is put into a larger sealable container B, and deflate, make vacuum in container B, manage to weigh up the quality m of container A under vacuum state
3, the quality m of increase
3-m
1be exactly the quality that container A arranges air in atmosphere, the aerostatic buoyancy size that container A is subject to equals (m
3-m
1) g, the 1st kind of method cannot allow student set up the concept of buoyant gas by experiment, the 2nd kind of method is owing to there is no instruments used for education in existing teaching, therefore for the teaching of buoyant gas, cannot well carry out, students cannot well be understood buoyancy concept, does not naturally reach good teaching efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defect of prior art, a kind of modern design is provided, can verifies intuitively the existence of aerostatic buoyancy and liquid buoyancy, and be convenient to student and understand the demonstrator of survey aerostatic buoyancy and the liquid buoyancy size of buoyancy concept.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts a kind of demonstrator of surveying aerostatic buoyancy and liquid buoyancy size, comprise transparent casing, support, be arranged on the balance on support, feedwater drainage system, the transparent tank of water is housed, in determinand assembly and water, measure suspension member, described transparent casing comprises upper cover and lower, upper cover and lower formation are tightly connected, support is fixedly installed on lower, balance is fixedly installed on support upper end, transparent tank is fixed on the lower end of support one side, and the balance that aligns stretches out one end setting of support, described determinand assembly is hung on balance and stretches out the other end of support, in water, measuring suspension member is hung on balance and is placed in transparent tank, feedwater drainage system is fixedly installed on support, feedwater drainage system comprises switch terminals and control end, the switch terminals of feedwater drainage system forms and is electrically connected with control end, switch terminals and the balance of feedwater drainage system are connected, control end communicates with transparent tank, in described water, measure on the outer face of suspension member and be provided with scale.
Adopt novel design, determinand assembly is hung on to one end of balance crossbeam, with measuring suspension member in graduated water, be hung on the other end of balance crossbeam and be contained in transparent tank, balance is adjusted to two ends balance, in transparent casing, be evacuated, determinand on balance sinks, drive one end that hangs with determinand of balance crossbeam to sink, touch the switch of feedwater drainage system, in transparent tank, discharge water, by measuring the amount of the scale observable release water on suspension member in water, can read determinand and be subject in a vacuum the size of buoyancy, can verify the existence of aerostatic buoyancy, can survey intuitively again the size of aerostatic buoyancy, utilize equally the equilibrium principle of balance, determinand is invaded in liquid, the opposite side of balance just can sink, touch the switch of feedwater drainage system, add water to transparent tank, by measuring scale observable on suspension member in water, add the amount of water, can read determinand and in liquid, be subject to buoyancy size, can verify the existence of liquid buoyancy, can survey intuitively again the size of liquid buoyancy, therefore, this demonstrator can be surveyed the size of aerostatic buoyancy and liquid buoyancy simultaneously, and simple and direct-viewing operation, can facilitate student to understand buoyancy concept, and the theory of better embodiment " science is take experiment as basis ".
The present invention further arranges again, determinand assembly comprises to be surveyed aerostatic buoyancy device and surveys liquid buoyancy device, survey aerostatic buoyancy and comprise a casing to be measured with device, casing to be measured is hung on one end of balance, be oppositely arranged with measuring suspension member in water, survey the additional reservoir that liquid buoyancy device comprises gravity suspension member and liquid is housed, described gravity suspension member is hung on one end of balance, be oppositely arranged with measuring suspension member in water, gravity suspension member is placed in additional reservoir and immerses liquid.
Casing to be measured is used for surveying aerostatic buoyancy; Gravity suspension member for surveying liquid buoyancy, by changing the determinand of balance one end, just can be realized the conversion of survey air/survey liquid buoyancy with the additional reservoir that liquid is housed, easy to operate, rational in infrastructure.
The present invention further arranges again, survey liquid buoyancy and also comprise a controllable cistern and two reserve tanks with device, controllable cistern is arranged on one end of support, be oppositely arranged with transparent tank, on controllable cistern, be provided with multiple operation valves, and on two operation valves, be respectively arranged with a water pipe therein, and two reserve tanks are fixedly installed on support, and two reserve tanks are formed and are connected with controllable cistern by two water pipes.
On controllable cistern, be provided with multiple operation valves, one reserve tank is used for adding water, another reserve tank is the use that discharges water, therefore, controllable cistern and two reserve tanks can be controlled easily to the amount that increases and decreases water in water tank, test operation person can be according to required, autonomous manipulation is to increasing in water tank or discharging appropriate water, make test objective more clear and definite, dexterous changeable, can better help student understand buoyancy concept (another, according to experimenter's object difference, replaceable other liquid carry out buoyancy test, are not limited to this kind of liquid of water).
The present invention further arranges again, the switch terminals of feedwater drainage system comprises mount pad, touch pole and two touch switch, described mount pad is fixedly installed on the upper surface of support, be positioned at the rear side of balance, two touch switch are separately positioned on a left side for mount pad, right two ends, touch pole is arranged on the top of mount pad and is fixedly connected with the crossbeam of balance, respectively corresponding two touch switch in the two ends of touch pole, the control end of feedwater drainage system comprises solenoid valve and conduit, described solenoid valve is arranged on the lower end of support, below the left side of transparent tank, be provided with through hole, solenoid valve is connected with touch switch by wire, solenoid valve connecting duct, conduit is through the through hole setting on transparent tank.
Adopt unique design, feedwater drainage system is simple in structure, successful, two touch switch are fixedly connected with the crossbeam two ends of balance respectively, can link and control the feedwater action of feedwater drainage system and the action that discharges water, practicality very, without manual operation, realizes the rebalancing of balance automatically.
The present invention further arranges again, and transparent water groove forms feed trough, measuring flume and discharge sump, between three tanks, separates, and three tanks are respectively connected with solenoid valve by conduit.
Feed trough water supply, measuring flume for accommodating water measure suspension member, discharge sump is used for discharging water, three tanks are all connected with conduit, conduit passes through solenoid valve conduction.
The present invention further arranges again, and transparent tank is fixed on the lower end on support right side, and the balance that aligns stretches out the right-hand member setting of support, and determinand assembly is hung on balance and stretches out the left end of support.
Can be according to user's different demands and field of employment different, change determinand assembly and be arranged on the position on balance, such as being arranged on balance and stretching out the right-hand member of support, transparent tank is arranged on balance and stretches out the left end of support, flexible and changeable, practical.
The present invention further arranges again, also comprises a position-limited rack, and between the width between position-limited rack both sides and the both sides of upper cover cavity, width is consistent, forms close-fitting.
Be provided with position-limited rack, can well play spacing, stuck effect, can well prevent from being evacuated in transparent casing and the transparent casing that causes inwardly compresses, simple in structure, dependable performance.
In sum, the present invention utilizes the principle of balance to combine with feedwater drainage system, determinand be subject to buoyancy change cause balance one end sink after, feedwater drainage system can be by realizing rebalancing to balance to the feedwater of transparent tank with discharging water, utilization is suspended on the existence of measuring suspension member volume change under water in the water of balance crossbeam right-hand member and concisely verify buoyancy, observe intuitively the numerical values recited of buoyancy, can directly measure the size of aerostatic buoyancy and liquid buoyancy, can better embody the theory of " science is take test as basis ", help student to understand the concept of buoyancy, can be used for experimental activity and the inquiry activity of all about buoyancy in nine-year compulsory education science (physics) course, can be used as buoyancy demonstration experimental apparatus or student experimenting instrument is promoted the use of.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general assembly structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the general assembly structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is removed the general assembly stereographic map after upper cover.
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is removed the general assembly stereographic map after upper cover.
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is removed the general assembly front elevation after upper cover.
Fig. 6 is the stereographic map of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 7 is the A portion enlarged drawing in the embodiment of the present invention 2 Fig. 3
Fig. 8 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is removed the general assembly left view after upper cover.
Fig. 9 is the assembling schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2 gravity suspension members, additional reservoir and controllable cistern.
Figure 10 is that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is removed the general assembly front elevation after upper cover.
Figure 11 is that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is removed the general assembly left view after upper cover.
Figure 12 is that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is removed the general assembly right view after upper cover.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1-2, specific embodiments of the invention 1 are to survey the demonstrator of aerostatic buoyancy and liquid buoyancy size, comprise transparent casing 1, support 2, be arranged on the balance 3 on support 2, feedwater drainage system, the transparent tank 4 of water is housed, survey in liquid buoyancy device 5 and the graduated water of outer face band and measure suspension member 6, transparent casing 1 comprise upper cover 11 with lower 12, upper cover 11 is tightly connected with lower 12 formation, support 2 is fixedly installed on lower 11, balance 3 is fixedly installed on support 2 upper ends, transparent tank 4 is fixed on the lower end on support 2 right sides, and the balance 3 that aligns stretches out the right-hand member setting of support 2, survey the left end that liquid buoyancy device 5 is hung on balance 3 and stretches out support 2, in water, measuring suspension member 6 is connected on balance 3 and is placed in transparent tank 4, feedwater drainage system is fixedly installed on support 2, comprise switch terminals 71 and control end 72, the switch terminals 71 of feedwater drainage system forms and is electrically connected with control end 72, switch terminals 71 is connected with balance 3, control end 72 communicates with transparent tank 4, survey liquid buoyancy and comprise gravity suspension member 51 and additional reservoir 52 with device 5, described gravity suspension member 51 is hung on the left end of balance 3, be oppositely arranged with transparent tank 4, gravity suspension member 51 is placed in additional reservoir 52, the switch terminals 71 of feedwater drainage system comprises mount pad 711, touch pole 712 and two touch switch 713, described mount pad 711 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of support 2, be positioned at the rear side of balance 3, two touch switch 713 are separately positioned on a left side for mount pad 711, right two ends, touch pole 712 is arranged on the top of mount pad 711 and is fixedly connected with the crossbeam 31 of balance 3, respectively corresponding two touch switch 713 in the two ends of touch pole 712, the control end 72 of feedwater drainage system comprises solenoid valve 721 and conduit 722, described solenoid valve 721 is arranged on the lower end of support 2, below the left side of transparent tank 4, be provided with through hole, one end of solenoid valve 721 is connected with touch switch 713 by wire, the other end connecting duct 722 of solenoid valve 721, the other end of conduit 722 is through the through hole setting on transparent tank 4, transparent tank 4 forms feed trough 41, measuring flume 42 and discharge sump 43, feed trough 41 water supplies, measuring flume 42 measures suspension member 6 for accommodating water, discharge sump 43 is for discharging water, three tanks are all connected with conduit, conduit is by solenoid valve 721 conductings, experimental principle is: survey a left side of measuring suspension member 6 in liquid buoyancy device 5 and water and be arranged on balance 3, right two ends (now, filling liquid not in additional reservoir 52), balance 3 is adjusted to two ends balance, now again to filling liquid slowly in additional reservoir 52, make gravity suspension member 51 contact or invade liquid, the right-hand member of balance 3 is downward-sloping gradually, drive touch pole 712 right-hand members at balance 3 rears to sinking to starting touch switch 713, feedwater drainage system starts feed trough 41 by solenoid valve 721 and add water in the measuring flume 42 of balance 3 right-hand members, until balance 3 balance once again, touch switch 713 is closed automatically, now just can in the water from measuring flume 42, measure reading numerical values on suspension member 6, be the suffered liquid buoyancy size of gravity suspension member 51, can prove intuitively the existence of liquid buoyancy, and read clearly the size of gravity suspension member 51 suffered buoyancy, conveniently understand buoyancy concept, dissemination is large.
As shown in Fig. 3-9, specific embodiments of the invention 2 are to survey the demonstrator of aerostatic buoyancy and liquid buoyancy size, survey liquid buoyancy and also comprise a controllable cistern 53 and two reserve tanks 54 with device, controllable cistern 53 is arranged on the left end of support 2, be oppositely arranged with transparent tank 4, on controllable cistern 53, be provided with multiple operation valves 531, and on two operation valves, be respectively arranged with a water pipe 532 therein, two reserve tanks 54 are fixedly installed on support 2, two reserve tanks 54 are formed and are connected with controllable cistern 53 by two water pipes 532, experimental principle is: will survey a left side of measuring suspension member 6 in liquid buoyancy device 5 and water and be hung on respectively balance 3, right two ends are also adjusted to balance, the now required water yield to controllable cistern 53 interior injections by the operation valve 531 on controllable cistern 53, gravity suspension member 51 is touched or immerse liquid, now can find that balance 3 right-hand members sink, drive touch switch 713 to move, feedwater drainage system adds water in feed trough 43, until balance 3 rebalancings, touch switch 713 is closed, complete experiment, on controllable cistern 53, be provided with multiple operation valves 531, can control easily to the amount that adds water in water tank, experimental implementation person can be according to required, autonomous manipulation adds appropriate water in water tank, makes test objective more clear and definite, dexterous changeable, can better help student to understand, understand that the concept of buoyancy is (another, according to experimenter's object difference, can independently change other liquid and carry out buoyancy test, be not limited to this kind of liquid of water).
As shown in Figure 10-12, specific embodiments of the invention 3 are to survey the demonstrator of aerostatic buoyancy and liquid buoyancy size, survey aerostatic buoyancy and comprise that with device 8 one is hung on the casing to be measured 81 of balance 3 left ends, experimental principle is: first will in casing to be measured 81 and water, measure suspension member 6 and be hung on a left side for balance 3, right two ends, frame upper limit frame 9, the inner face that position-limited rack is fixedly installed on upper cover 11 (plays spacing, stuck effect, the transparent casing 1 that can well prevent from being evacuated in transparent casing 1 and cause inwardly compresses, guarantee accuracy and the authenticity of experiment, simple in structure, dependable performance), the appropriate water of the interior injection of measuring flume 42 numerical value shown in part that is immersed in the water of suspension member 6 (record water measure), and regulate balance 3 to two ends balance, now will in transparent casing 1, be evacuated, the left end of balance 3 can sink, start touch switch 713, feedwater drainage system can discharge the water in measuring flume 42 gradually by operation valve 531, until balance 3 two ends rebalancings, now again record and in water, measure the numerical value shown in part in suspension member 6 invasion waters, with record twice numerical value subtract each other the aerostatic buoyancy size that just can show that casing 81 to be measured is suffered, this kind of demonstrator can well help students to understand buoyancy concept, by balance 3 left sides, the swing at right two ends drives the action of feedwater drainage system, only with the naked eye just can embody intuitively the existence of buoyancy, and the magnitude numerical value that can read fast and accurately the suffered buoyancy of object, very practical.
In sum, this demonstrator can be surveyed aerostatic buoyancy can survey again liquid buoyancy, in the experiment of survey liquid buoyancy, can also be required quantitatively to the interior interpolation liquid of controllable cistern 53 according to experimenter, multiple functional, it is reasonable, novel in design that structure arranges, very convenient in teacher's teaching, can help student to understand buoyancy concept, improve learning efficiency, can better embody the theory of " science is take experiment as basis ".