CN103760434A - Self-adaption phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control - Google Patents
Self-adaption phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaption phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control. The method includes the following steps that (1), frequency of PCC point voltage is measured in real time, whether the frequency of the PCC point voltage reaches a set frequency protection threshold value or not is judged, if yes, island protection is started, and if not, the step (2) is executed; (2), sampling is performed on power grid frequency to perform averaging, phase interference is exerted on output currents, and at the moment, k1 is made to be equal to zero; (3), deviation values between the frequency of the PCC point voltage and the power grid frequency and change rates of the deviation values are monitored in real time, and according to the magnitude, the positive feedback parameter k1 is set in a fuzzy mode; (4), if the deviation values of the frequency of the PCC point voltage exceeds a frequency deviation threshold value, self-adaption on-line adjustment is performed on quantification factors and scaling factors of a fuzzy controller; otherwise, the step (3) is executed; (5), the deviation values of the frequency in all periods are superposed on the frequency of PCC points in a next period, and the step (1) is executed. The self-adaption phase deviation island detection method is high in speed, gives consideration to parameter selection and system output electric energy quality and is free of blind areas and low in distortion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the protection and control field of grid-connected photovoltaic system, relate to a kind of island detection method of grid-connected photovoltaic system, relate to that a kind of speed is fast, the fuzzy self-adaption phase deviation isolated island detection algorithm of non-blind area, low distortion.
Background technology
In recent years, development and utilization new forms of energy are the common key subjects paid close attention in countries in the world.Sun power is acknowledged as one of substitute energy of future ideality because of features such as it is clean, renewable, widely distributed, applying flexibles.Parallel network power generation utilizes form to be expected to realize in the near future par online as sun power important and tool marketization scale and application prospect.Along with increasing grid-connected photovoltaic system access electrical network, the safe operation of electrical network and grid-connected photovoltaic system self is faced with new challenges.
When electrical network disconnects due to fault or accident, if the grid-connected photovoltaic system of user side is failed to detect off-position timely and will self be cut off electricity network, continue load supplying towards periphery, form the self-energizing isolated island being formed by local load and grid-connected photovoltaic system.Once isolated island phenomenon occurs, may jeopardize power equipment maintaining personnel personal safety, cause the mistake of consumer/under-voltage and mistake/under-frequency and threephase load phase-deficient operation, cause electrical network mistrip, affect the sequence of movement of distribution system protection switch etc.Therefore, international and domestic standard must possess as UL1741, IEEE Std.929, photovoltaic system interconnection technology requirement (GB/T19939-2005) etc. explicitly calls for grid-connected photovoltaic system the function that isolated island detects.
The island detection method of existing grid-connected photovoltaic system is divided into two large classes conventionally: active technique and passive method.Passive method is to judge whether to occur isolated island by detecting the variation of inverter output end electric weight (as voltage magnitude, frequency, phase place, harmonic wave etc.), exist threshold value to be difficult to set, the shortcomings such as detection blind area is large, and when inverter output power is mated with load power demand, the simple passive method that relies on is easily undetected, therefore must introduce active technique.Initiatively phase shift method with its realize easily, detection efficiency is high, blind area is little, be not subject to the impact of multi-inverter parallel and become widely used a kind of active detection method.
Traditional phase shift method as sliding formwork frequency drift method and automatic phase deflection method be all the phase place of combining inverter output current to be defined as to the function of last cycle common point Coupling point (PCC) electric voltage frequency and mains frequency deviation, make PCC point voltage and electric current have certain phase differential, to electrical network disconnects rear PCC point voltage frequency departure normal range, detect isolated island.After electrical network disconnects, because the characteristic of local load is random, unknown, for fear of occurring that isolated island detects blind area, conventionally the fixing and larger phase deviation parameter of configuration, this with regard to make normal when grid-connected phase shift method because of the quality of the impact reduction system output electric energy of examined error, circuit noise and mains frequency fluctuation.Therefore, when system can fast and effeciently detect isolated island after guaranteeing electrical network disconnection, reduce to greatest extent initiatively phase shift method itself harmful effect of the grid-connected photovoltaic system output quality of power supply is of great practical significance and engineering using value.
Summary of the invention
For overcome the speed of island detection method of existing grid-connected photovoltaic system slow, cannot take into account parameter and choose the deficiency with the system output quality of power supply, the invention provides a kind of speed fast, take into account parameter and choose the self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control with the system output quality of power supply, non-blind area, low distortion.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control, the phase differential of structure inverter output current and PCC point voltage is k
1* (f
pcc-f
g)+k
2* θ
0, in formula, f
pccfor PCC point voltage frequency, f
gfor electrical network rated frequency, θ
0for initial phase disturbance quantity, k
1for positive feedback coefficient, k
2for the coefficient of initial disturbance amount, the described self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control, comprises the steps:
(1) measure in real time the frequency of PCC point voltage and judge whether to reach the frequency protection threshold value of setting, if reach, starting island protect, otherwise enter step (2);
(2) mains frequency is sampled, get the mean value in n cycle, n is integer and n>=10, reads PCC point voltage frequency, and output current is applied to phase perturbation, this seasonal k
1=0, θ
0be one less on the occasion of and adjacent periods intermittent periods it add;
(3) size and the rate of change thereof of Real-Time Monitoring PCC point voltage frequency and mains frequency departure, according to the fuzzy positive feedback parameter k that adjusts of the size of frequency difference variable quantity and frequency difference rate of change
1;
(4) if when PCC point voltage exemplary frequency deviation values exceeds frequency departure threshold value, the quantized factor and proportional factor of fuzzy controller is carried out to self-adaptation and adjust online; If exceeding frequency departure threshold value, PCC point voltage exemplary frequency deviation values do not return to step (3);
(5), in the process of disturbance, the frequency departure amount of each cycle is all added in the PCC dot frequency in next week, returns to step (1).
Further, described PCC point voltage frequency f
pccfor system measures in real time by zero passage detection module and software phlase locking program, and compare with the threshold value of mistake/under-frequency setting, if exceed the output of shutdown system, otherwise apply phase perturbation to inverter output current.
Described electrical network rated frequency f
gfor system starts the mains frequency in n cycle of rear collection and gets its mean value.
Described initial disturbance amount θ 0 is adjacent periods intermittent periods it interpolation parameter, described initial disturbance amount θ
0(0 < θ
0≤ 1) be one less of, 0 < θ
0≤ 1.
Described coefficient k
2for initial disturbance amount θ
0perturbation direction given, coefficient k
2configure as follows: if f
pcc-f
g>=0, k
2=1; If f
pcc-f
g<0, k
2=-1.
Described frequency protection threshold value is the maximum frequency deviation scope allowing after the electrical network of the grid-connected prescribed by standard in various countries disconnects;
Further, the described fuzzy positive feedback parameter k that adjusts
1this locality that represents different qualities loads on the frequency offset under fixing perturbation action, and electrical network disconnects PCC point voltage frequency variation and the less feedback parameter of deviation variation rate k afterwards
1ying Yue great;
Described local load is the RLC shunt load adopting with reference to IEEE isolated island testing standard, and its quality factor are defined as Q
f=R * sqrt (C/L).
Further again, described online adaptive is adjusted the quantized factor and proportional factor of fuzzy controller and is realized by following formula: k
i=k
i[1+| α (t) |], wherein, α (t)=Δ θ (t-1)/θ
0, in formula, k
iquantizing factor k for fuzzy controller input quantity
e, k
ecscale factor k with output controlled quentity controlled variable
u, α (t) is contraction-expansion factor, Δ θ (t-1) is the increment of front t-1 periodic voltage phase angle.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: (1) speed is fast.During due to surpass in PCC dot frequency ± 0.2Hz of the present invention, dynamically adjust the quantized factor and proportional factor of fuzzy controller, thereby can strengthen positive feedback dynamics, accelerate the skew of PCC point voltage frequency, relatively fixedly the isolated island under feedback parameter is shorter detection time;
(2) non-blind area.After electrical network disconnects, the present invention can be according to the situation of change of PCC dot frequency from adjusting positive feedback parameter, and it detects the restriction that performance is not subject to load characteristic, all can fast and effeciently detect isolated island in theory for arbitrary load, realizes non-blind area and detects;
(3) low distortion.Normal when grid-connected, feedback parameter of the present invention equals zero or is very little, evade conventional phase deflection method because detecting the superpositions of factor to system output current aberration rate such as error, circuit noise and mains frequency fluctuation, reduced to greatest extent the harmful effect of detection method to the output quality of power supply itself;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inversion system structural drawing.
Fig. 2 is inverter output current control block diagram.
Fig. 3 is fuzzy control block diagram.
Fig. 4 is isolated island trace routine process flow diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 4, a kind of self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control, the phase differential of structure inverter output current and PCC point voltage is k
1* (f
pcc-f
g)+k
2* θ
0, in formula, f
pccfor PCC point voltage frequency, f
gfor electrical network rated frequency, θ
0for initial phase disturbance quantity, k
1for positive feedback coefficient, k
2coefficient for initial disturbance amount; The described self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control, comprises the steps:
(1) measure in real time the frequency of PCC point voltage and judge whether to reach the frequency protection threshold value of setting, if reach, starting island protect, otherwise enter step (2);
(2) mains frequency is sampled, get the mean value in n cycle, n is integer and n>=10, reads PCC point voltage frequency, and output current is applied to phase perturbation, this seasonal k
1=0, θ
0be one less on the occasion of and adjacent periods intermittent periods it add;
(3) size and the rate of change thereof of Real-Time Monitoring PCC point voltage frequency and mains frequency departure, according to the fuzzy positive feedback parameter k that adjusts of the size of frequency difference variable quantity and frequency difference rate of change
1;
(4), if when PCC point voltage exemplary frequency deviation values exceeds frequency departure threshold value, the quantized factor and proportional factor of fuzzy controller is carried out to the online adjustment of self-adaptation to accelerate detection speed; If exceeding frequency departure threshold value, PCC point voltage exemplary frequency deviation values do not return to step (3);
(5), in the process of disturbance, the frequency departure amount of each cycle is all added in the PCC dot frequency in next week, returns to step (1).
Described PCC point voltage frequency f
pccfor system measures in real time by zero passage detection module and software phlase locking program, and compare with the threshold value of mistake/under-frequency setting, if exceed the output of shutdown system, otherwise apply phase perturbation to inverter output current.
Described electrical network rated frequency f
gfor system starts the mains frequency in n cycle of rear collection and gets its mean value.
Described initial disturbance amount θ
0for adjacent periods intermittent periods it, add, mainly contain two effects: the one, after electrical network disconnects, according to initial disturbance amount θ
0the size of PCC point voltage frequency shift (FS) response being judged to the characteristic of now load, is configuration feedback parameter k
1foundation is provided; The 2nd, be used for breaking electrical network and disconnect the system balancing that moment may exist.
Described coefficient k
2actual is initial disturbance amount θ
0perturbation direction given, in order to make the present invention there is similar detection speed, coefficient k to capacitive load and inductive load
2configure as follows: if f
pcc-f
g>=0, k
2=1; If f
pcc-f
g<0, k
2=-1.
The maximum frequency deviation scope allowing after the electrical network that described frequency protection threshold value is generally the grid-connected prescribed by standard in various countries disconnects, for example, during surpass ± 0.5Hz of China's regulation grid-connected photovoltaic system PCC dot frequency deviation, system should disconnect and being connected of electrical network.
Described initial disturbance amount θ
0be one less on the occasion of being because in most cases, after electrical network disconnects, the frequency of PCC point voltage all can be offset, thereby just can start positive feedback, 0 < θ
0≤ 1, in addition, less θ
0when breaking the system balancing that may exist, also can reduce the normal impact on system output power factor when grid-connected.
The described fuzzy positive feedback parameter k1 that adjusts is because the frequency offset that this locality of different qualities loads under fixing perturbation action is different, the frequency of PCC point voltage is along with loaded quality factor increases and reduces, and under identical disturbance quantity, PCC point frequency difference rate of change increases along with reducing of loaded quality factor.Therefore, electrical network disconnects rear PCC point voltage frequency variation and the less feedback parameter of deviation variation rate k
1ying Yue great.
Described local load is the RLC shunt load adopting with reference to IEEE isolated island testing standard, and its quality factor are defined as Q
f=R * sqrt (C/L).
The frequency departure threshold value setting is ± 0.2Hz for ± 0.2Hz is electric system normal frequency deviation allowable value based on China standard < < quality of power supply power system frequency permissible variation > > (GB/T15945-1995) regulation, if exceed ± 0.2Hz of PCC dot frequency side-play amount may produce isolated island, now can accelerate frequency shift (FS) by the online quantized factor and proportional factor of adjusting fuzzy controller, shorten isolated island detection time.
Described online adaptive is adjusted the quantized factor and proportional factor of fuzzy controller and is realized by following formula: k
i=k
i[1+| α (t) |], wherein, α (t)=Δ θ (t-1)/θ
0, in formula, k
iquantizing factor k for fuzzy controller input quantity
e, k
ecscale factor k with output controlled quentity controlled variable
u, α (t) is contraction-expansion factor, Δ θ (t-1) is the increment of front t-1 periodic voltage phase angle.
In the present embodiment, Fig. 1 realizes a kind of grid-connected photovoltaic system structure of the present invention, and system adopts the combining inverter of the non-isolation structure of two-stage type.The TMS320F2808 digital signal processor (DSP) that main control chip adopts TI company to produce, inverter employing voltage and current double closed-loop adds the output current control mode of voltage feed-forward control, as shown in Figure 2.Outer voltage is for controlling the stable of DC terminal busbar voltage, ring is for the error of the instantaneous value of inverter output current relatively and given current reference value in electric current loop, adjusting by both deviations through PI controller, generate transient error control signal, this signal is sent into DSP, utilize the full comparing unit of DSP, general purpose timer and waveform generator generate SPWM modulation signal for controlling the break-make of full bridge inverter power tube, the present embodiment adopts unipolarity modulation system, inverter output end voltage is compared and is obtained the instantaneous value signal of inverter output current and return through LC filtering circuit with line voltage.
The voltage signal of system gathers by difference sample circuit, and current signal is sent into DSP after measuring filtering by Hall element, and the frequency of PCC point voltage and phase information obtain by zero cross detection circuit and phase-locked program.
Described current reference signal is pre-stored standard sine wave tables of data in the DSP program space, while moving phase-locked program, by tabling look-up, obtain frequency and the phase information of current reference signal, then phase deviation expression formula constructed according to the invention is calculated the pointer of tabling look-up that current phase perturbation addition carrys out Standard modification sinusoidal data table, thereby makes to exist between inverter output current and voltage certain phase differential.
Isolated island trace routine is judged whether to occur isolated island and inverter output current is added to phase perturbation by the situation of change of real-time detection PCC point voltage frequency.With reference to program circuit Fig. 4, system is put and counts by detecting the positive going zeror crossing of grid-connected voltage, and the time interval of calculating twice positive going zeror crossing point obtains the frequency of PCC point voltage, judges whether to surpass 50 ± 0.5Hz; If the threshold value of surpass not setting is determination frequency variable quantity surpass ± 0.2Hz whether, if do not surpass, according to the deviation of PCC point voltage frequency and mains frequency and frequency difference rate of change fuzzy dynamic, configure feedback parameter k
1, fuzzy control block diagram is as Fig. 3, if surpass ± 0.2Hz of frequency variation, self-adaptation is adjusted quantification and the scale factor of fuzzy controller input and output amount online, until PCC point voltage frequency surpasses 50 ± 0.5Hz, system disconnects and being connected of electrical network by inverter.
Above-described embodiment only, for a kind of embodiment of checking the technology of the present invention thought, can not limit with this limited field of method proposed by the invention.In every situation that does not depart from inventive concept and scope, any change of its details or form is all belonged to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control, is characterized in that: the phase differential of structure inverter output current and PCC point voltage is k
1* (f
pcc-f
g)+k
2* θ
0, in formula, f
pccfor PCC point voltage frequency, f
gfor electrical network rated frequency, θ
0for initial phase disturbance quantity, k
1for positive feedback coefficient, k
2for the coefficient of initial disturbance amount, the described self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control, comprises the steps:
(1) measure in real time the frequency of PCC point voltage and judge whether to reach the frequency protection threshold value of setting, if reach, starting island protect, otherwise enter step (2);
(2) mains frequency is sampled, get the mean value in n cycle, n is integer and n>=10, reads PCC point voltage frequency, and output current is applied to phase perturbation, this seasonal k
1=0, θ
0be one less on the occasion of and adjacent periods intermittent periods it add;
(3) size and the rate of change thereof of Real-Time Monitoring PCC point voltage frequency and mains frequency departure, according to the fuzzy positive feedback parameter k that adjusts of the size of frequency difference variable quantity and frequency difference rate of change
1;
(4), if when PCC point voltage exemplary frequency deviation values exceeds frequency departure threshold value, the quantized factor and proportional factor of fuzzy controller is carried out to the online adjustment of self-adaptation to accelerate detection speed; If exceeding frequency departure threshold value, PCC point voltage exemplary frequency deviation values do not return to step (3);
(5), in the process of disturbance, the frequency departure amount of each cycle is all added in the PCC dot frequency in next week, returns to step (1).
2. a kind of self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described PCC point voltage frequency f
pccfor system measures in real time by zero passage detection module and software phlase locking program, and compare with the threshold value of mistake/under-frequency setting, if exceed the output of shutdown system, otherwise apply phase perturbation to inverter output current.
3. a kind of self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described electrical network rated frequency f
gfor system starts the mains frequency in n cycle of rear collection and gets its mean value.
4. a kind of self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described initial disturbance amount θ
0for adjacent periods intermittent periods it is added parameter, described initial disturbance amount θ
0be one less of, 0 < θ
0≤ 1.
5. a kind of self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described coefficient k
2for initial disturbance amount θ
0perturbation direction given, coefficient k
2configure as follows: if f
pcc-f
g>=0, k
2=1; If f
pcc-f
g<0, k
2=-1.
6. a kind of self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control as described in one of claim 1～5, is characterized in that: described frequency protection threshold value is the maximum frequency deviation scope allowing after the electrical network of the grid-connected prescribed by standard in various countries disconnects.
7. a kind of self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control as described in one of claim 1～5, is characterized in that: the described fuzzy positive feedback parameter k that adjusts
1this locality that represents different qualities loads on the frequency offset under fixing perturbation action, and electrical network disconnects PCC point voltage frequency variation and the less feedback parameter of deviation variation rate k afterwards
1ying Yue great;
Described local load is the RLC shunt load adopting with reference to IEEE isolated island testing standard, and its quality factor are defined as Q
f=R * sqrt (C/L).
8. a kind of self-adaptation phase deviation island detection method based on fuzzy control as described in one of claim 1～5, is characterized in that: described online adaptive is adjusted the quantized factor and proportional factor of fuzzy controller and realized by following formula: k
i=k
i[1+| α (t) |], wherein, α (t)=Δ θ (t-1)/θ
0, in formula, k
iquantizing factor k for fuzzy controller input quantity
e, k
ecscale factor k with output controlled quentity controlled variable
u, α (t) is contraction-expansion factor, Δ θ (t-1) is the increment of front t-1 periodic voltage phase angle.
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| CN104007349A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-08-27 | 江苏大学 | Fuzzy control island detection method based on wavelet transformation |
| CN104950202A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-30 | 珠海许继电气有限公司 | Island detection method and system based on reactive power-frequency positive feedback |
| CN105162162A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-16 | 天津大学 | Phase perturbation based island detection system for distributed gird-connected inverter |
| TWI565194B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-01-01 | 聖約翰科技大學 | Fault detecting device and fault detecting method of grid-connected power generation system |
| CN106911144A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-30 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Photovoltaic inverter control system and method based on modelling exploitation |
| US10637249B2 (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2020-04-28 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Inverter anti-islanding control system |
| CN107976609A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-01 | 王建安 | A kind of isolated network identifying system and method |
| CN110456214A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-11-15 | 华羿微电子股份有限公司 | A kind of alone island detection system and its method |
| WO2021098595A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | 科华恒盛股份有限公司 | Islanding disturbance method and system, and terminal device |
| CN111366805A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-03 | 深圳市首航新能源有限公司 | Island detection method and device and photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system |
| CN111781447A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-16 | 珠海格力智能装备有限公司 | Method and device for determining mechanical zero point and machine tool equipment |
| CN112731014A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-30 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Island detection method and device for direct-current interconnected power distribution system |
| CN112731014B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-12-26 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Island detection method and device for direct-current interconnection power distribution system |
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