CN103757625A - Rare earth neodymium containing trivalent chromium blue and white passivation liquid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Rare earth neodymium containing trivalent chromium blue and white passivation liquid and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103757625A
CN103757625A CN201410003446.XA CN201410003446A CN103757625A CN 103757625 A CN103757625 A CN 103757625A CN 201410003446 A CN201410003446 A CN 201410003446A CN 103757625 A CN103757625 A CN 103757625A
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rare earth
trivalent chromium
bright blue
earth neodymium
passivating solution
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韩生
黄奇
缪树婷
郝利峰
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Shanghai Institute of Technology
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Shanghai Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a rare earth neodymium containing trivalent chromium blue and white passivation liquid and a preparation method thereof. Every liter of rare earth neodymium containing trivalent chromium blue and white passivation liquid comprises 15-20g of chromium sulfate, 2.0-3.0g of sodium nitrate, 6.0-8.0g of cobaltous sulfate heptahydrate, 2.5-4.0g of sodium hypophosphite, 0.5-0.8g of citric acid, 0.15-0.25g of ammonium bifluoride, 0.14-0.42g of neodymium nitrate and the balance of deionized water. The preparation method comprises steps of under a continuously stirring state, firstly dissolving chromium sulfate into part of deionized water, then sequentially adding citric acid, sodium hypophosphite and sodium nitrate and dissolving, adding cobaltous sulfate heptahydrate and fully dissolving, finally adding ammonium bifluoride and neodymium nitrate, adding the balance of deionized water, standing for 24 hours so as to obtain the rare earth neodymium containing the trivalent chromium blue and white passivation liquid. After a zinc plating piece is passivated by the passivation liquid, a bright, uniform and compact blue and white passivation membrane with good corrosion resistance can be formed.

Description

A kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution and preparation method who contains rare earth neodymium
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of passivating solution of metal, relate in particular to a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution and preparation method who contains rare earth neodymium, belong to field of metal surface treatment technology.
Background technology
Zinc-plated to steel surface is one of effective way of improving steel anti-corrosive effect.But under moist environment, can there is corrosion and produce white rust in Several Thiourea Derivatives on Zinc Plate Surface, thereby affected outward appearance and the solidity to corrosion of zinc coating.So Several Thiourea Derivatives on Zinc Plate Surface is carried out to Passivation Treatment to be again necessary.
Traditional Passivation Treatment is to adopt sexavalent chrome passivation technology mostly, and this passive film good corrosion resistance, decorative appearance is strong, cost is low and have self-healing property, thereby has obtained good application.Because sexavalent chrome is poisonous, and easily carcinogenic, human body and environment are had to harm.And chromic toxicity only has chromic 1% left and right, and character is similar to sexavalent chrome, adopts trivalent chromium passivation process to substitute the main flow that sexavalent chrome passivation closely becomes era development.Chinese invention patent (publication number CN101130868A) " trivalent bright blue passivation agent and preparation method thereof "; Chinese invention patent (publication number CN1858302A) " zinc coating trivalent chromium bright blue passivation agent of high anti-corrosion and preparation method thereof "; Chinese invention patent (publication number CN102041497A) " trivalent chromium bright blue passivator of zinc-plated rear permanent magnet material and preparation method thereof " etc. has all been announced out the patent formulation of trivalent chromium bright blue passivator, and has all obtained preferably anticorrosion effect.
Compare with outward appearance with the desired solidity to corrosion of industry galvanized workpiece, although trivalent chromium bright blue passivation technology is also being obtained effect to a certain degree aspect this at present, but have obvious defect.Tracing it to its cause is mainly because trivalent chromium deactivating liquid composition is more complicated and less stable, and therefore gained passive film surface irregularity and have pore defect need to make improvements.The relevant report that adds hole sealing agent to carry out sealing treatment to micropore in passivating solution increases gradually at present, although improved the solidity to corrosion of film, has affected the glossiness of film.
Summary of the invention
One of object of the present invention is in order to solve existing trivalent chromium deactivating liquid passivation to be carried out in galvanized workpiece surface, gained passive film surface irregularity and have the technical problems such as pore defect and a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium is provided, after the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that this contains rare earth neodymium carries out passivation to galvanized workpiece surface, formed passive film outward appearance is bright, be pearl opal, rete thicker evenly and rotproofness good.
Two of object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium.
Technical scheme of the present invention
A trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, by every liter of calculating, its composition and content are as follows:
15-20g chromium sulphate
2.0-3.0g SODIUMNITRATE
6.0-8.0g heptahydrate
2.5-4.0g sodium hypophosphite
0.5-0.8g citric acid
0.15-0.25g ammonium bifluoride
0.14-0.42g neodymium nitrate
Surplus is deionized water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, under the condition of continuously stirring, chromium sulphate is dissolved in the deionized water of part, then add successively citric acid, sodium hypophosphite, SODIUMNITRATE to make its dissolving, and then add heptahydrate and it is fully dissolved, finally add ammonium bifluoride and neodymium nitrate, then add the deionized water of surplus, standing 24h to obtain a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium.
The using method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, by the described trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, it is 1.9-2.0 that the aqueous sulfuric acid that is 10% with concentration of volume percent regulates pH value;
Then, controlling the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution temperature contain rare earth neodymium is 25-40 ℃, by treating that passivating material puts into the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium and carry out passivation 50-70s, after passivation completes, treats the surface of passivating material by washed with de-ionized water;
Finally, 60 ℃ of constant temperature dryings, complete the passivation for the treatment of passivating material surface;
The described passivating material for the treatment of is galvanized workpiece.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
A kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of the present invention, owing to adopting rear earth element nd to join in trivalent chromium deactivating liquid as coordination additive, so trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of gained, treating passivating material is that galvanized workpiece surface has modifying function, and treat that passivating material is the formed passive film outward appearance light in galvanized workpiece surface, be pearl opal, even film layer is fine and close, and its alternating-current impedance value can reach 1621-1937 Ω cm 2, therefore, a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of the present invention can improve treats that passivating material is resistance to air loss and the corrosion resistance nature of galvanized workpiece surface infiltration layer.
A kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of the present invention, due to not containing poisonous sexavalent chrome, therefore belongs to environment-friendly type solution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, with a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of embodiment 1 gained, treat the passive film of gained after passivating material surface passivation and with a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium of control Example 1 gained, treat the alternating-current impedance spectrogram of the passive film of gained after passivating material surface passivation;
Fig. 2, with a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of embodiment 1 gained, treat the SEM figure of the passive film of gained after passivating material surface passivation;
Fig. 3, with a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium of control Example 1 gained, treat the SEM figure of the passive film of gained after passivating material surface passivation;
Fig. 4, with a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of embodiment 2 gained, treat the alternating-current impedance spectrogram of the passive film of gained after passivating material surface passivation;
Fig. 5, with a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of embodiment 3 gained, treat the alternating-current impedance spectrogram of the passive film of gained after passivating material surface passivation.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described further, it should be noted that this specific embodiment does not form the restriction to the claimed scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
A trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, by every liter of calculating, its composition and content are as follows:
18g chromium sulphate
2.2g SODIUMNITRATE
7g heptahydrate
3.4g sodium hypophosphite
0.7g citric acid
0.2g ammonium bifluoride
0.28g neodymium nitrate
Surplus is deionized water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, under the condition of continuously stirring, 18g chromium sulphate is dissolved in 500ml deionized water, then add successively 0.7g citric acid, 3.4g sodium hypophosphite, 2.2g SODIUMNITRATE to make its dissolving, and then add 7g heptahydrate and it is fully dissolved, finally add successively 0.2g ammonium bifluoride and 0.28g neodymium nitrate, add deionized water and be settled to 1000ml, standing 24h obtains a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium.
The using method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, by the described trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, it is 1.9 that the aqueous sulfuric acid that is 10% with concentration of volume percent regulates pH value;
Then, controlling the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution temperature contain rare earth neodymium is 30 ℃, by treating that passivating material puts into the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium and carry out passivation 60s, after passivation completes, treats the surface of passivating material by washed with de-ionized water;
Finally, 60 ℃ of constant temperature dryings, complete the passivation for the treatment of passivating material surface;
The described passivating material for the treatment of is galvanized sheet iron, the aqueous nitric acid bright dipping 5s that is 0.5% with the mass percent concentration of 30 ℃ before passivation.
Above-mentioned after passivating material is galvanized sheet iron surface passivation the outward appearance light of the passive film of gained, be pearl opal, the rete of passive film is thicker and even.
Adopt CHI660D electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chen Hua Instrument Ltd.) to carry out ac impedance spectroscopy test to the passive film of above-described embodiment 1 gained, analyze its corrosion resistance nature, as shown in Figure 1, its resistance value is 1937 Ω cm to result 2, shown that thus the solidity to corrosion of passive film of above-described embodiment 1 gained is better.
Adopt S-3400N electron microscope (Hitachi) to scan the surface tissue of the passive film of above-described embodiment 1 gained, as shown in Figure 2.
control Example 1
A trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium, by every liter of calculating, its composition and content are as follows:
18g chromium sulphate
2.2g SODIUMNITRATE
7g heptahydrate
3.4g sodium hypophosphite
0.7g citric acid
0.2g ammonium bifluoride
Surplus is deionized water.
Above-mentioned a kind of preparation method who does not contain the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution of rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, under the condition of continuously stirring, 18g chromium sulphate is dissolved in 500ml deionized water, then add successively 0.7g citric acid, 3.4g sodium hypophosphite, 2.2g SODIUMNITRATE to make its dissolving, and then add 7g heptahydrate and it is fully dissolved, finally add successively 0.2g ammonium bifluoride, add deionized water and be settled to 1000ml, standing 24h obtains a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium.
Above-mentioned a kind of using method that does not contain the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution of rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, by the described trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium, it is 1.9 that the aqueous sulfuric acid that is 10% with concentration of volume percent regulates pH value;
Then, controlling the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution temperature do not contain rare earth neodymium is 30 ℃, by treating that passivating material puts into the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium and carry out passivation 60s, after passivation completes, treats the surface of passivating material by washed with de-ionized water;
Finally, 60 ℃ of constant temperature dryings, complete the passivation for the treatment of passivating material surface;
The described passivating material for the treatment of is galvanized sheet iron, the aqueous nitric acid bright dipping 5s that is 0.5% with the mass percent concentration of 30 ℃ before passivation.
Above-mentioned after passivating material is galvanized sheet iron surface passivation the passive film brightness of gained general, indigo plant in vain, more general colour, rete is thinner and inhomogeneous.
Adopt CHI660D electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chen Hua Instrument Ltd.) to carry out ac impedance spectroscopy test to the passive film of above-mentioned control Example 1 gained, analyze its corrosion resistance nature, as shown in Figure 1, its resistance value is 1121 Ω cm to result 2.
By contrast, can find out, the resistance value that the passive film that the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium in embodiment 1 is treated gained after passivating material surface passivation is treated the passive film of gained after passivating material surface passivation than the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium in control Example 1 is high, it is better than adopting the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium in control Example 1 to treat after passivating material surface passivation the passive film rotproofness of gained to have shown thus to adopt passive film that the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium treats gained after passivating material surface passivation.
Adopt S-3400N electron microscope (Hitachi) to observe the microscopic appearance of the passive film of gained after passivating material surface passivation in above-mentioned control Example 1, result as shown in Figure 3.
By Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, contrast, can find out, in embodiment 1, adopt passive film that the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution contain rare earth neodymium treats gained after passivating material surface passivation more even and airtight than the passive film of gained after adopting the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that does not contain rare earth neodymium in control Example 1 and treat passivating material surface passivation.
embodiment 2
A trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, by every liter of calculating, its composition and content are as follows:
15g chromium sulphate
2g SODIUMNITRATE
6g heptahydrate
2.5g sodium hypophosphite
0.5g citric acid
0.15g ammonium bifluoride
0.14g neodymium nitrate
Surplus is deionized water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, under the condition of continuously stirring, 15g chromium sulphate is dissolved in 500ml deionized water, then add successively 0.5g citric acid, 2.5g sodium hypophosphite, 2g SODIUMNITRATE to make its dissolving, and then add 6g heptahydrate and it is fully dissolved, finally add successively 0.15g ammonium bifluoride and 0.14g neodymium nitrate, add deionized water and be settled to 1000ml, standing 24h obtains a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium.
The using method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, by the described trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, it is 1.9 that the aqueous sulfuric acid that is 10% with concentration of volume percent regulates pH value;
Then, controlling the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution temperature contain rare earth neodymium is 30 ℃, by treating that passivating material puts into the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium and carry out passivation 60s, after passivation completes, treats the surface of passivating material by washed with de-ionized water;
Finally, 60 ℃ of constant temperature dryings, complete the passivation for the treatment of passivating material surface;
The described passivating material for the treatment of is galvanized sheet iron, the aqueous nitric acid bright dipping 5s that is 0.5% with the mass percent concentration of 30 ℃ before passivation.
Above-mentioned after passivating material is galvanized sheet iron surface passivation the outward appearance light of the passive film of gained, be pearl opal, even film layer.
Adopt CHI660D electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chen Hua Instrument Ltd.) to carry out ac impedance spectroscopy test to the passive film of above-mentioned gained, analyze its corrosion resistance nature, as shown in Figure 4, its resistance value is 1621 Ω cm to result 2, show that thus the solidity to corrosion of passive film of above-mentioned gained is better.
embodiment 3
A trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, by every liter of calculating, its composition and content are as follows:
20g chromium sulphate
3g SODIUMNITRATE
8g heptahydrate
4g sodium hypophosphite
0.8g citric acid
0.25g ammonium bifluoride
0.42g neodymium nitrate
Surplus is deionized water.
The preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, under the condition of continuously stirring, 20g chromium sulphate is dissolved in 500ml deionized water, then add successively 0.8g citric acid, 4g sodium hypophosphite, 3g SODIUMNITRATE to make its dissolving, and then add 8g heptahydrate and it is fully dissolved, finally add successively 0.25g ammonium bifluoride and 0.42g neodymium nitrate, add deionized water and be settled to 1000ml, standing 24h obtains a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium.
The using method of above-mentioned a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, step is as follows:
First, by the described trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, it is 2.0 that the aqueous sulfuric acid that is 10% with concentration of volume percent regulates pH value;
Then, controlling the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution temperature contain rare earth neodymium is 30 ℃, by treating that passivating material puts into the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium and carry out passivation 60s, after passivation completes, treats the surface of passivating material by washed with de-ionized water;
Finally, 60 ℃ of constant temperature dryings, complete the passivation for the treatment of passivating material surface;
The described passivating material for the treatment of is galvanized sheet iron, the aqueous nitric acid bright dipping 5s that is 0.5% with the mass percent concentration of 30 ℃ before passivation.
Above-mentioned after passivating material is galvanized sheet iron surface passivation the outward appearance light of the passive film of gained, be pearl opal, even film layer.
Adopt CHI660D electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chen Hua Instrument Ltd.) to carry out ac impedance spectroscopy test to the passive film of above-mentioned gained, analyze its corrosion resistance nature, as shown in Figure 5, its resistance value is 1827 Ω cm to result 2, show that thus the passive film of above-mentioned gained has good solidity to corrosion.
In sum, a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium of the present invention, not containing poisonous sexavalent chrome, can form light, even compact and the good bright blue passivation film of solidity to corrosion after passivation.
Foregoing is only the basic explanation of the present invention under conceiving, and according to any equivalent transformation that technical scheme of the present invention is done, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, is characterized in that the described trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, and by every liter of calculating, its composition and content are as follows:
15-20g chromium sulphate
2.0-3.0g SODIUMNITRATE
6.0-8.0g heptahydrate
2.5-4.0g sodium hypophosphite
0.5-0.8g citric acid
0.15-0.25g ammonium bifluoride
0.14-0.42g neodymium nitrate
Surplus is deionized water.
2. a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the described trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, and by every liter of calculating, its composition and content are as follows:
18g chromium sulphate
2.2g SODIUMNITRATE
7g heptahydrate
3.4g sodium hypophosphite
0.7g citric acid
0.2g ammonium bifluoride
0.28g neodymium nitrate
Surplus is deionized water.
3. the preparation method of a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that step is as follows:
First, under the condition of continuously stirring, chromium sulphate is dissolved in the deionized water of part, then add successively citric acid, sodium hypophosphite, SODIUMNITRATE to make its dissolving, and then add heptahydrate and it is fully dissolved, finally add ammonium bifluoride and neodymium nitrate, then add the deionized water of surplus, standing 24h to obtain a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium.
4. the using method of a kind of trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that step is as follows:
First, by the described trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium, it is 1.9-2.0 that the aqueous sulfuric acid that is 10% with concentration of volume percent regulates pH value;
Then, controlling the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution temperature contain rare earth neodymium is 25-40 ℃, by treating that passivating material puts into the trivalent chromium bright blue passivating solution that contains rare earth neodymium and carry out passivation 50-70s, after passivation completes, treats the surface of passivating material by washed with de-ionized water;
Finally, 60 ℃ of constant temperature dryings, complete the passivation for the treatment of passivating material surface;
The described passivating material for the treatment of is galvanized workpiece.
CN201410003446.XA 2014-01-06 2014-01-06 Rare earth neodymium containing trivalent chromium blue and white passivation liquid and preparation method thereof Pending CN103757625A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104141123A (en) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-12 深圳市鑫明达环保科技有限公司 High corrosion resistance passivation solution for zinc alloy die castings and passivation method
CN109023336A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-18 昆明理工大学 A kind of environment-friendly type rare-earth salts color passivation solution and preparation method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1858302A (en) * 2006-06-09 2006-11-08 广东多正化工科技有限公司 High anti-corrosion zinc coating trivalent chromium lue-white passivating agent and its preparing method
CN101130868A (en) * 2007-10-11 2008-02-27 上海交通大学 Trivalent chromium blue and white passivator and method for making the same
CN102041497A (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-05-04 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 Trivalent-chromium blue-white passivator for zinc-plated permanent magnetic material and passivation method thereof
CN102041496A (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-05-04 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 Chromium-free passivating agent for permanent magnet material and passivating method thereof
CN103046037A (en) * 2012-11-19 2013-04-17 上海应用技术学院 High corrosion resistance trivalent chromium blue and white passivating liquid as well as preparation method and application of blue and white passivating liquid

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1858302A (en) * 2006-06-09 2006-11-08 广东多正化工科技有限公司 High anti-corrosion zinc coating trivalent chromium lue-white passivating agent and its preparing method
CN101130868A (en) * 2007-10-11 2008-02-27 上海交通大学 Trivalent chromium blue and white passivator and method for making the same
CN102041497A (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-05-04 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 Trivalent-chromium blue-white passivator for zinc-plated permanent magnetic material and passivation method thereof
CN102041496A (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-05-04 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 Chromium-free passivating agent for permanent magnet material and passivating method thereof
CN103046037A (en) * 2012-11-19 2013-04-17 上海应用技术学院 High corrosion resistance trivalent chromium blue and white passivating liquid as well as preparation method and application of blue and white passivating liquid

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104141123A (en) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-12 深圳市鑫明达环保科技有限公司 High corrosion resistance passivation solution for zinc alloy die castings and passivation method
CN109023336A (en) * 2018-06-29 2018-12-18 昆明理工大学 A kind of environment-friendly type rare-earth salts color passivation solution and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20140430