CN103753051B - 一种焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条 - Google Patents

一种焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条 Download PDF

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CN103753051B
CN103753051B CN201410009476.1A CN201410009476A CN103753051B CN 103753051 B CN103753051 B CN 103753051B CN 201410009476 A CN201410009476 A CN 201410009476A CN 103753051 B CN103753051 B CN 103753051B
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何国
王皇
秦仁耀
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Shanghai Welding Appliances Co., Ltd.
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033Ni as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/304Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3602Carbonates, basic oxides or hydroxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3608Titania or titanates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/365Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/368Selection of non-metallic compositions of core materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B23K35/404Coated rods; Coated electrodes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条,包括焊芯及裹覆于焊芯表面的药皮,焊芯的成分及其含量(wt%)为:C≤0.02%,S≤0.01%,P≤0.01%,Ni≥99.0%,其余元素含量≤0.50%,各成分总量为100%;药皮中粉料各成分重量百分比为:大理石10~20%,金红石15~25%,萤石4~10%,钛白粉1~5%,钾冰晶粉1~5%,金属铬10~25%,金属锰3~10%,钼铁8~15%,钨铁1~5%,钛铁1~5%,铌铁5~10%,有机物0~3%,纯碱0~3%,各成分总量为100%;将各成分的粉料按照比例与占药皮总质量22%~30%的水玻璃均匀混合,送入压涂机内将其裹覆于焊芯上,经过低温烘焙以及高温烘焙后即成。本发明焊接时电弧稳定,飞溅小,脱渣好,焊缝成形美观并且可全位置焊接。

Description

一种焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条
技术领域
本发明涉及一种镍基焊接材料,特别是一种适于焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢(亦称9%Ni钢)的新渣系镍基电焊条。
背景技术
LNG(Liquefied Natural gas,液化天然气)船是指将LNG从液化厂运往接收站的专用船舶。由于LNG是被降温到-163℃液体状态的天然气,因此LNG船在运输过程中必须将其保持在-163℃。因而工作环境要求制造LNG船的材料具有较好的低温韧性以及在低温环境中具有较好的强度。
镍系低温用钢中9Ni钢作为唯一可在-196℃低温条件下服役的中合金低碳马氏体型低温钢,在-196℃低温条件下其冲击吸收功可达200~300J,是深冷条件下韧性最好的材料,其优良的低温韧性、较高的强度、较好的抗疲劳性能、较好的耐腐蚀性能、热膨胀率小、能够制造出大尺寸钢板和优良的焊接性等优异性能,使其已成为制造大型LNG贮罐最关键的材料之一。9Ni钢的化学成分为:Ni:8.5~9.5%,C:0.0005~0.012%,Si:0.05~0.4%,Mn:0.30~0.80%,S≤0.005%,P≤0.008%,Mo:0.05~0.013%,V≤0.01%;力学性能为:抗拉强度Rm:680~820MPa,屈服强度ReH≥570MPa,伸长率A≥20%,冲击值在-196℃时≥100J。目前9Ni钢已经广泛应用于低温深冷设备,但是目前与9Ni钢焊接相匹配的焊接材料较少,这极大的限制了9Ni钢焊接技术的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是填补现有技术的空白,提供一种焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条,以达到与焊接9Ni钢相匹配,并且使其熔敷金属在-196℃下具有与母材相匹配的低温冲击韧性、较高的抗拉强度和屈服强度,从而使得9Ni钢在LNG船储罐上应用时能够充分发挥母材本身的优良性能,同时焊条在焊接时电弧稳定、焊缝成形美观、飞溅小、脱渣好、可进行全位置操作,焊缝能够完全满足LNG船储罐的使用要求。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条,包括焊芯及裹覆于焊芯表面的药皮,所述焊芯的成分及其重量百分比含量为:C≤0.02%,S≤0.01%,P≤0.01%,Ni≥99.0%,其余元素含量≤0.50%,各成分总量为100%。
进一步地,所述的药皮中粉料的成分及其重量百分比含量为:大理石10~20%,金红石15~25%,萤石4~10%,钛白粉1~5%,钾冰晶粉1~5%,金属铬10~25%,金属锰3~10%,钼铁8~15%,钨铁1~5%,钛铁1~5%,铌铁5~10%,有机物0~3%,纯碱0~3%,各成分总量为100%;将各成分的粉料按照比例均匀混合,再加入占所述药皮总质量22%~30%的水玻璃均匀混合,然后送入压涂机内按照常规方法将其裹覆于所述焊芯上,最后经过低温烘焙以及高温烘焙后即成为所述电焊条。
进一步地,所述的药皮中各粉料的主要成分的质量百分比含量如下:大理石中CaCO3含量≥96%,萤石中CaF2含量≥96%,金红石中TiO2含量≥96%,钛白粉中TiO2含量≥99%,铌铁中Nb含量为50~65%,钨铁中W含量为70~80%,金属铬中Cr含量≥99%,金属锰中Mn含量≥99%,钼铁中Mo含量为55~65%,钛铁中Ti含量为25~35%,钾冰晶粉中F含量≥54%且K含量≥15%。
进一步地,所述的水玻璃为钠水玻璃、钾水玻璃或者钾钠水玻璃,其波美浓度为41°~43°之间。
进一步地,所述的低温烘焙的温度为100~150℃;高温烘焙的温度为200~300℃。
本发明的药皮原材料中各成分的主要作用如下:
大理石:属于造渣、造气材料,大理石能增大熔渣碱度,增加了冶金去硫能力,降低了硅的渗入,增大了该渣系气保护的比例,有利于渣的物化性质的改善,有利于脱渣和渣的保护效果。
水玻璃:水玻璃只是作为粘结剂,由于含有Na所以还有稳弧作用,但是过多过浓会造成焊速慢、飞溅大,渣的粘度提高,影响机械性能,其次模数过高促使药皮快干性加强,使焊条药皮易偏心,用时经高温烘干后药皮强度亦会降低。
金红石:改善脱渣性,使电弧更加稳定;使焊缝成形美观、熔渣覆盖良好、减小飞溅。
有机物:少量有机物可以改善压涂性能。
钾冰晶粉:钾冰晶粉含有易电离元素K,使得电弧稳定;含有Al可以脱氧,减少氧元素进入焊缝;含有F可以去氢,减少焊缝的含氢量。
纯碱:主要起润滑作用,使焊条易于加工成形;另外提高水玻璃的稳定性,阻止水玻璃水解反应的进行。
各合金:渗入合金,补充焊接过程中合金元素的烧损;补充焊缝中该合金成分,改善焊缝凝固组织,提高焊缝的力学性能以及物理化学性能。
萤石:萤石能有效的去除H,可以降低液态金属的表面张力,提高熔渣的流动性,但是在焊接过程中萤石分解会产生有害气体氟化氢,造成电弧的不稳定,因此必须严格控制其用量。
与现有的焊接9Ni钢用电焊条相比,本发明具有以下优点,参阅图1和图2:
1、焊接时电弧稳定、基本无飞溅、脱渣好、焊缝成形美观、可进行全位置焊接;
2、形成的焊缝具有良好的力学性能,尤其是在-196℃时仍具有良好的综合力学性能;本发明的熔敷金属力学性能达到:屈服强度:456MPa,抗拉强度:685MPa,伸长率37%,-196℃时冲击值为105J,完全满足9Ni钢LNG船储罐的焊接要求;熔敷金属的化学成分及重量百分数为:C:≤0.05%,Mn:2.0~4.0%,Si:≤0.5%,Cr:12.0~17.0%,Mo:5.0~9.0%,Nb:0.5~2.0%,W:1.0~2.0%,P:≤0.015%,S:≤0.015%,Ni:≥55%,完全符合镍及镍合金焊条的GB/T13814ENi6620标准和AWS A5.11ENiCrMo-6标准。
附图说明
图1是使用本发明进行平焊时焊缝熔渣的覆盖情况示意图。
图2是使用本发明进行平焊时焊缝脱渣后的外观形貌示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,以下实施例以本发明技术方案为前提给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
本发明提供了一种焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条,其包括纯镍焊芯以及裹覆于该焊芯表面的药皮。所述焊芯使用纯镍焊芯,这是因为纯镍焊芯来源广,易于加工,价格便宜;本发明关键在于焊芯成分,所述焊芯的成分及其重量百分比含量(wt%)为:C≤0.02%,S≤0.01%,P≤0.01%,Ni≥99.0%,其余元素含量≤0.50%,各成分总量为100%。
所述的药皮中粉料的成分及其重量百分比含量为:大理石10~20%,金红石15~25%,萤石4~10%,钛白粉1~5%,钾冰晶粉1~5%,金属铬10~25%,金属锰3~10%,钼铁8~15%,钨铁1~5%,钛铁1~5%,铌铁5~10%,有机物0~3%,纯碱0~3%,各成分总量为100%;所述的药皮中各粉料的主要成分的质量百分比含量如下:大理石中CaCO3含量≥96%,萤石中CaF2含量≥96%,金红石中TiO2含量≥96%,钛白粉中TiO2含量≥99%,铌铁中Nb含量为50~65%,钨铁中W含量为70~80%,金属铬中Cr含量≥99%,金属锰中Mn含量≥99%,钼铁中Mo含量为55~65%,钛铁中Ti含量为25~35%,钾冰晶粉中F含量≥54%且K含量≥15%。
将各成分的粉料按照比例均匀混合,再加入占所述药皮总质量22%~30%的水玻璃均匀混合,然后送入压涂机内按照常规方法将其裹覆于所述焊芯上,最后经过低温烘焙以及高温烘焙后即成为所述电焊条;所述低温烘焙的温度为100~150℃,高温烘焙的温度为200~300℃;所述的水玻璃为钠水玻璃、钾水玻璃或者钾钠水玻璃,其波美浓度为41°~43°之间。
以下为本发明中粉料不同重量百分比含量的三个实施例。
以下1#、2#和3#实施例中,焊芯直径为3.2mm,除了药皮粉料的重量百分比含量不同外,其余技术特征均相同。
表1三实施例焊条药皮粉料的成分配比(重量%)
表2三实施例电焊条的熔敷金属化学成分(重量%)
表3三实施例电焊条的熔敷金属力学性能

Claims (4)

1.一种焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条,包括焊芯及裹覆于焊芯表面的药皮,所述焊芯的成分及其重量百分比含量为:C≤0.02%,S≤0.01%,P≤0.01%,Ni≥99.0%,其余元素含量≤0.50%,各成分总量为100%;其特征在于:所述的药皮中粉料的成分及其重量百分比含量为:大理石10~20%,金红石15~25%,萤石4~10%,钛白粉1~5%,钾冰晶粉1~5%,金属铬10~25%,金属锰3~10%,钼铁8~15%,钨铁1~5%,钛铁1~5%,铌铁5~10%,有机物0~3%,纯碱0~3%,各成分总量为100%;将各成分的粉料按照比例均匀混合,再加入占所述药皮总质量22%~30%的水玻璃均匀混合,然后送入压涂机内按照常规方法将其裹覆于所述焊芯上,最后经过低温烘焙以及高温烘焙后即成为所述电焊条。
2.根据权利要求1所述的焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条,其特征在于:所述的药皮中各粉料的主要成分的质量百分比含量如下:大理石中CaCO3含量≥96%,萤石中CaF2含量≥96%,金红石中TiO2含量≥96%,钛白粉中TO2含量≥99%,铌铁中Nb含量为50~65%,钨铁中W含量为70~80%,金属铬中Cr含量≥99%,金属锰中Mn含量≥99%,钼铁中Mo含量为55~65%,钛铁中Ti含量为25~35%,钾冰晶粉中F含量≥54%且K含量≥15%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条,其特征在于:所述的水玻璃为钠水玻璃、钾水玻璃或者钾钠水玻璃,其波美浓度为41°~43°之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的焊接LNG船储罐用9Ni钢的新渣系电焊条,其特征在于:所述的低温烘焙的温度为100~150℃;高温烘焙的温度为200~300℃。
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CN104907730B (zh) * 2015-05-25 2017-04-26 上海交通大学 Lng结构及船用9镍钢焊接用新型渣系镍基焊条
CN104907729B (zh) * 2015-05-25 2017-04-26 上海交通大学 Lng结构及船用9镍钢焊接用反比例配方高碱度渣系镍基焊条
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CN113414519B (zh) * 2021-08-06 2022-11-29 四川大西洋焊接材料股份有限公司 交流用ENi6620镍基焊条及其制备方法与焊接方法
CN115502605B (zh) * 2022-09-26 2023-09-12 苏州思萃熔接技术研究所有限公司 一种焊接LNG低温储罐用9Ni钢的焊条及其制备方法

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