CN103749354B - A kind of performance measurement and the aquatic livestock breeding method be separated of reserving seed for planting - Google Patents
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 title claims abstract 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000003975 animal breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种水产动物育种方法，特别是一种性能测定与留种相分离的水产动物育种方法。 The invention relates to a breeding method for aquatic animals, in particular to a breeding method for aquatic animals in which performance measurement and seed saving are separated.
背景技术 Background technique
目前的水产动物育种计划中，用于性能测定的家系含量或群体含量一般在几十至一百个个体以内，这种个体数量的选择可以保证在育种参数估计准确的前提下节省养殖和测定成本，但由于性能测定群体即为选种群体，因此在选种时留种率很难低于1%，这使得水产动物高繁殖力的特点得不到有效利用和发挥。一般的水产动物，单一亲本即能产生极大数量的后代，若能从全部后代中进行选种，可将留种率降低到1‰，甚至万分之一以上。根据数量遗传学原理，在亲本育种值方差和遗传力不变的情况下，将留种率从1%降低到1‰，可使选择反应提高26.3%，从而加速育种进程。因此现在需要一种能够解决上述问题的新的水产动物育种方法。 In the current aquatic animal breeding program, the family content or population content used for performance measurement is generally within tens to one hundred individuals. The selection of this individual number can ensure that the cost of breeding and measurement can be saved under the premise of accurate estimation of breeding parameters , but because the performance measurement group is the selection group, it is difficult to keep the seed rate lower than 1% during the selection, which makes the high fecundity of aquatic animals not be effectively utilized and brought into play. For general aquatic animals, a single parent can produce a large number of offspring. If the species can be selected from all the offspring, the seed retention rate can be reduced to 1‰, or even more than 1/10,000. According to the principle of quantitative genetics, when the variance and heritability of parental breeding values remain unchanged, reducing the seed retention rate from 1% to 1‰ can increase the selection response by 26.3%, thereby accelerating the breeding process. Therefore need a kind of new aquatic animal breeding method that can solve the above problems now.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明是为了解决现有技术所存在的上述不足，提出一种既可以进行性能测定，又能够降低留种率的水产动物育种方法。 The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and proposes a breeding method for aquatic animals that can perform performance measurement and reduce the seed retention rate.
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种性能测定与留种相分离的水产动物育种方法，其特征在于：所述的方法按照以下步骤进行： The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for breeding aquatic animals in which performance measurement and seed saving are separated, and it is characterized in that: the method is carried out according to the following steps:
a、对选育的水产动物进行多个育种家系的构建，每一家系至少包括1100个个体， a. Construct multiple breeding families for the selected aquatic animals, each family includes at least 1100 individuals,
b、当选育的水产动物达到所需苗种规格时，根据现有的养殖条件和性能测试条件，从每一家系中分别随机选择30-100个个体作为性能测定群体，并分别按照家系进行标记，将所有选择出的个体进行混养，或者按照家系为单位进行分养，分养时须确保各家系的养殖环境一致， b. When the selected aquatic animals reach the required seed size, according to the existing breeding conditions and performance test conditions, randomly select 30-100 individuals from each family as the performance measurement group, and carry out according to the family respectively. Marking, all the selected individuals are mixed, or separated according to the family unit. When separating the breeding, it is necessary to ensure that the breeding environment of each family is consistent.
c、所述的步骤b结束后，从步骤a中各家系剩余的个体中上选最符合育种目标的个体作为留种群体，且选择比率低于2‰，并分别按照家系进行标记，将所有选择出的个体进行混养，或者按照家系为单位进行分养，分养时须确保各家系的养殖环境一致， c. After step b is completed, select the individual that best meets the breeding goal from the remaining individuals of each family in step a as the seed retention population, and the selection rate is lower than 2‰, and mark according to the family respectively, and All the selected individuals are mixed, or separated according to the family unit. When separating the breeding, it is necessary to ensure that the breeding environment of each family is consistent.
d、所述的步骤c结束后，对性能测定群体进行第一次性能测定，并在性能测定群体生产下一代家系前进行第二次性能测定，根据测定结果和育种计划，从性能测定群体中选出n个最接近育种目标的家系，标记为GMi(i=1,2…n)，从留种群体中选出n个与性能测定群体对应的家系，标记为GSi(i=1,2…n)， d. After step c is completed, perform the first performance measurement on the performance measurement population, and perform the second performance measurement before the performance measurement population produces the next generation family, and select from the performance measurement population according to the measurement results and the breeding plan Select n families that are closest to the breeding target and mark them as GM i (i=1,2...n), and select n families corresponding to the performance measurement population from the reserved population and mark them as GS i (i=1 ,2...n),
e、根据步骤d中的两次性能测定结果，计算出目标性状在性能测定群体分离时和选种时的遗传相关系数rA， e, according to the two performance measurement results in step d, calculate the genetic correlation coefficient r A of the target character when the performance measurement population is separated and when the seed is selected,
f、若rA≥0，则进行步骤g，若rA<0，则进行步骤h， f. If r A ≥ 0, proceed to step g, if r A <0, proceed to step h,
g、从留种群体的GSi家系中进行选种，且选种率为低于50%，以保证家系内总留种率低于1‰， g. Carry out seed selection from the GS i family of the reserved seed group, and the seed selection rate is lower than 50%, so as to ensure that the total seed reserved rate in the family is lower than 1‰,
h、从性能测定群体的GMi家系中进行选种，且选种率与常规方法相同，其家系内留种率高于1%。 h. Select seeds from the GM i family of the performance measurement group, and the seed selection rate is the same as the conventional method, and the seed retention rate in the family is higher than 1%.
本发明同现有技术相比，具有如下优点： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明所公开的水产动物育种方法，针对传统育种方法中留种率较低的问题，将留种与性能测定的家系分离，并根据性能测定的结果来进行遗传相关系数rA的计算，根据计算结果进行不同选种方法的选择，它的出现，在不提高成本的前提下降低了留种率，让选择反应大大提升，从而达到加速育种进程的目的。因此可以说这种方法具备广泛的市场和科研前景。 The aquatic animal breeding method disclosed in the present invention aims at the problem of low seed retention rate in the traditional breeding method, separates the reserved seed from the family line of performance measurement, and calculates the genetic correlation coefficient r A according to the result of performance measurement, according to The calculation results are used to select different seed selection methods. Its appearance reduces the seed retention rate without increasing the cost, greatly improves the selection response, and thus achieves the purpose of accelerating the breeding process. Therefore, it can be said that this method has broad market and scientific research prospects.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面将说明本发明的具体实施方式。 Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
一种性能测定与留种相分离的水产动物育种方法，按照以下步骤进行： A breeding method for aquatic animals in which performance measurement and seed saving are separated, carried out according to the following steps:
a、对选育的水产动物进行多个育种家系的构建，每一家系至少包括1100个个体， a. Construct multiple breeding families for the selected aquatic animals, each family includes at least 1100 individuals,
b、当对选育的水产动物进行养殖，当其达到所需苗种规格时，根据现有的养殖条件和性能测试条件，从每一家系中分别随机选择30-100个个体作为性能测定群体，并分别按照家系进行标记，将所有选择出的个体进行混养，或者按照家系为单位进行分养，分养时须确保各家系的养殖环境一致；不论上述哪一种方式，其目的都是为了保证各性能测定群体的养殖环境一致； b. When the selected aquatic animals are cultured, when they reach the required seed size, according to the existing breeding conditions and performance test conditions, randomly select 30-100 individuals from each family as the performance measurement group , and mark according to the family line respectively, and carry out polyculture of all the selected individuals, or carry out separate breeding according to the family line, and ensure that the breeding environment of each family line is consistent; no matter which method is mentioned above, its purpose is the same. It is to ensure that the breeding environment of each performance measurement group is consistent;
c、所述的步骤b结束后，从步骤a中各家系剩余的个体中上选最符合育种目标的个体作为留种群体，并且需要保证选择比率低于2‰，并分别按照不同的家系进行标记，将所有选择出的个体进行混养，或者按照家系为单位进行分养，分养时须确保各家系的养殖环境一致；不论上述哪一种方式，其目的都是为了保证各留种群体的养殖环境一致； c. After step b is completed, select the individuals that best meet the breeding goals from the remaining individuals of each family in step a as the seed reserve group, and it is necessary to ensure that the selection ratio is lower than 2‰, and the individual is selected according to different families Mark all the selected individuals for polyculture, or separate them according to the family unit. When separating them, it is necessary to ensure that the breeding environment of each family is consistent; no matter which of the above methods, the purpose is to ensure that each remaining The breeding environment of the species group is consistent;
d、所述的步骤c结束后，对性能测定群体进行第一次性能测定，并在性能测定群体生产下一代家系前进行第二次性能测定，根据这两次测定结果，同时根据育种计划，在性能测定群体中选出n个最接近育种目标的家系，并分别标记为GMi(i=1,2…n)，在留种群体中选出n个与性能测定群体对应的家系，并标记为GSi(i=1,2…n)， d. After step c is completed, conduct the first performance measurement on the performance measurement population, and perform the second performance measurement before the performance measurement population produces the next generation of families. According to the results of the two measurements and the breeding plan, Select n families closest to the breeding target from the performance measurement population, and mark them as GM i (i=1,2...n), select n families corresponding to the performance measurement population from the reserved seed population, and mark them as is GS i (i=1,2…n),
e、根据步骤d中的两次性能测定结果，计算出目标性状在性能测定群体分离时和选种时的遗传相关系数rA， e, according to the two performance measurement results in step d, calculate the genetic correlation coefficient r A of the target character when the performance measurement population is separated and when the seed is selected,
若rA≥0，则从留种群体的GSi家系中进行选种，且选种率为50%；若rA<0，则从性能测定群体的GMi家系中进行选种，且选种率与常规方法相同。 If r A ≥ 0, select from the GS i family of the reserved seed group, and the selection rate is 50%; if r A <0, select from the GM i family of the performance measurement group, and select The seed rate is the same as the conventional method.
这里所述的常规方法按照以下步骤进行： The general method described here proceeds as follows:
首先，对选育的水产动物进行多个育种家系的构建；然后对选育的水产动物进行养殖，当其达到所需苗种规格时，根据现有的养殖条件和性能测试条件，从每一家系中分别随机选择30-100个个体作为性能测定群体，并分别按照家系进行标记，将所有选择出的个体进行混养，或者按照家系为单位进行分养，分养时须确保各家系的养殖环境一致；然后对性能测定群体进行第一次性能测定，并在性能测定群体生产下一代家系前进行第二次性能测定，根据这两次测定结果，同时根据育种计划，在性能测定群体中选出n个最接近育种目标的家系，并分别标记为GMi(i=1,2…n)，最终从性能测定群体的GMi家系中进行选种，这种方式其家系内留种率不低于1%。 First, construct multiple breeding families for the selected aquatic animals; then breed the selected aquatic animals, and when they reach the required seed size, according to the existing breeding conditions and performance test conditions, from each family Randomly select 30-100 individuals in the line as the performance measurement group, and mark them according to the family, and mix all the selected individuals, or separate them according to the family. The breeding environment is consistent; then the first performance test is carried out on the performance test group, and the second performance test is carried out before the performance test group produces the next generation of families. According to the results of these two tests and the breeding plan, in the performance test group Select the n families that are closest to the breeding target, and mark them as GM i (i=1,2...n), and finally select from the GM i families of the performance measurement group. In this way, the retention rate within the family is Not less than 1%.
实施例： Example:
以海胆为例，按如下步骤操作： Taking sea urchin as an example, follow these steps:
构建10个育种家系，且每一家系含量不少于2000个个体； Construct 10 breeding families, and each family contains no less than 2000 individuals;
在6月龄时，从每个育种家系中随机选择50个个体，以家系为单位分为10组性能测定群体，并进行分养，确保各家系水温、饵料等养殖环境一致； At the age of 6 months, randomly select 50 individuals from each breeding family, divide them into 10 performance measurement groups with the family as a unit, and carry out separate breeding to ensure that the breeding environment such as water temperature and bait of each family is consistent;
从各育种家系剩余后代中上选4个体重最大的个体作为留种群体，选择比率约为或低于2‰。将各家系中的留种个体以家系为单位分为10组留种群体，并进行分养，并确保各家系水温、饵料等养殖环境一致； Select the 4 largest individuals from the remaining offspring of each breeding family as the seed population, and the selection rate is about or lower than 2‰. Divide the reserved seed individuals in each family into 10 groups of reserved seed groups and raise them separately, and ensure that the water temperature, bait and other breeding environments of each family are consistent;
在6月龄和19月龄时分别对性能测定群体进行体重测定，根据测定结果计算各群体（家系）体重的生长速度，选出5个体重生长最快的群体（家系）并记为GM1 、GM2 、GM3 、GM4 、GM5；则与之对应的留种家系为GS1 、GS2 、GS3 、GS4 、GS5， The body weights of the performance measurement groups were measured at the age of 6 months and 19 months respectively, and the weight growth rate of each group (family) was calculated according to the measurement results, and five groups (family) with the fastest weight growth were selected and recorded as GM1, GM2 , GM3 , GM4 , GM5; the corresponding reserved seed families are GS1 , GS2 , GS3 , GS4 , GS5,
利用上步中6月龄和19月龄的数据，计算体重在性能测定群体分离时和选种时的遗传相关系数rA=0.65； Utilize the data of 6-month-old and 19-month-old in the previous step, calculate the genetic correlation coefficient r A =0.65 when the performance measurement population is separated and when the seed is selected;
计算结果rA≥0， Calculation result r A ≥ 0,
则从留种群体的GS1 ~ GS5家系中进行选种，每家系选择2个亲本用于生产下一代育种群体，此过程家系内总留种率约为或低于1‰，总留种率约为或低于0.5‰。 The seed selection is carried out from the GS1 ~ GS5 families of the reserved seed population, and two parents are selected for each family to produce the next generation of breeding population. The total seed retention rate in the family is about or lower than 1‰, and the total seed retention rate is about At or below 0.5‰.
而若按照常规方法从群体A的GM1 ~ GM5家系中选种，总留种率最低为1%， 因此本方法预计选择反应较常规选择方法提升33.4%以上。 However, if the seeds were selected from the GM1 ~ GM5 families of population A according to the conventional method, the total seed retention rate was at least 1%. Therefore, the selection response of this method is expected to increase by more than 33.4% compared with the conventional selection method.
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