CN103747189A - Digital image processing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a digital image processing method which comprises the following steps: successively carrying out video enhancement, video analysis and video understanding on highway video images acquired by a camera. As for the video enhancement, multiple low-resolution images of the same scene and with different exposure parameters are reconstructed into high-quality images with highlight brightness dynamic range and high resolution, thus providing high-quality video images for the video analysis level and raising reliability of video processing results. As for the video analysis, detection is carried out through moving objects, and space-time object characteristics of video ground and middle levels are extracted by motion estimation and target tracking video analytic algorithms so as to provide inferential basis for event identification in high-level video processing. As for the video understanding, identification of surveillance video events is completed by analyzing and understanding the space-time object characteristics provided by the video analysis level. According to the invention, types of detection events are broader and precision is higher. Through correct identification of events, automatic control of highways is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of digital image processing method, relate in particular to HDR and the HR image rebuilding method of a kind of highway video based on sample prediction.
Background technology
Affect a lot of because have of picture quality, as spatial resolution, luminance contrast, noise etc.High-quality image, when effectively showing high contrast scene, also should have higher spatial resolution.For the high dynamic range images demonstration of image and the Problems of Reconstruction of spatial resolution, many scholars have carried out some fruitful research work, but they independently carry out respectively substantially.Existing Super-Resolution Restoration from Image Sequences supposes that the exposure parameter of multiple image is that parameter and noise parameter constant, camera response function are known conventionally.But the image obtaining in real world is difficult to meet to above assumed condition conventionally.Therefore, in unified technological frame, rebuild high dynamic range and high-definition picture, the theoretical foundation to image co-registration and practical application all have certain value.
Video traffic event detection technology is generally divided into " Indirect Detecting Method " and " direct detecting method " two large classes.Front a kind of be the existence that indirectly judges traffic events according to the variation of traffic flow, this method, due to the complexity of data error and traffic conditions, causes the time of event detection longer, and is not suitable for using in the situation that the volume of traffic is lower.In addition, the low image collecting that causes with poor contrast of the common resolution of image of camera acquisition cannot meet the accuracy that " Indirect Detecting Method " requires at present.
Second method is directly by the video image collecting, and by image processing techniques, finds the method that Vehicle Driving Cycle is abnormal, also can have good testing result in the situation that the volume of traffic is lower.But the method is also limited by the impact of the low and poor contrast of the common resolution of image of current camera acquisition.
Summary of the invention
One of object of digital image processing method of the present invention is: by Same Scene, several low-resolution images with different exposure parameters are redeveloped into and have high brightness dynamic range and high-resolution high quality graphic.
Two of the object of digital image processing method of the present invention is: existing highway video system is outputting high quality and Video Events accurately directly.
A kind of digital image processing method, comprise the following steps: camera acquisition is carried out to video enhancing, video analysis and video successively to highway video image and understand, wherein, it is that several low-resolution images with different exposure parameters are redeveloped into and have high brightness dynamic range and high-resolution high quality graphic by Same Scene that described video strengthens, for video analysis layer provides high-quality video image, thus the reliability of raising Video processing result; Described video analysis is to detect by moving target, and estimation and target following video analysis algorithm extract the space-time characteristics of objects in video bottom and middle level, for the Identification of events in high-rise Video processing provides deduction foundation; The space-time object low-level image feature that described video is understood by analyzing and understand video analysis layer and providing completes the identification to monitor video event.
Further, it is that HDR and HR image rebuilding method based on sample prediction realized that described video strengthens, and this method for reconstructing comprises step 1, off-line training part and step 2, rebuilds part online.
Further, described step 1, off-line training part consist of following sub-step: step 1.1, collection training sample: several that training image is Same Scene have low-resolution image and the target image corresponding to a width of different exposure parameters; In training image, extract corresponding LDR-LR and HDR-HR image information piece to as training sample; Step 1.2, tissue training's sample: adopt clustering method to carry out taxonomic organization to the sample set from Different background illumination district; Step 1.3, be a fallout predictor of each cluster sample set training; Obtain three classification fallout predictors in corresponding clear zone, dark space and moderate district.
Further, step 2, the online part of rebuilding consist of following sub-step: step 2.1, the scene brightness of input image sequence is cut apart, formed three different regions of exposure; Step 2.2, the basic layer of input image sequence is estimated; Step 2.3, according to the brightness classification results of input picture, by the classification fallout predictor training, the detailed information of each position image block is predicted, obtain the levels of detail of scene; Step 2.4, the basic layer of general and levels of detail estimated result additive fusion; Step 2.5, fused images is carried out to the constraint of low-resolution image observation model, obtain reconstructed results.
Further, step 1.1, gather training sample step and comprise: step 1.1.1, according to scene brightness difference, sample is divided into clear zone, dark space and San Ge region, moderate district; Step 1.1.2, detailed information are calculated: the detailed information that employing two-sided filter extracts every width sample image is as sample data; Step 1.1.3, sample collection: sample is the paired image information piece that input LDR-LR and target HDR-HR detail pictures correspondence position extract; According to scene brightness classification results, in the clear zone sample detail view corresponding with target image at short LDR-LR of time for exposure, extract; In the dark space sample detail view corresponding with target image at long LDR-LR of time for exposure, extract; The moderate district of brightness, selects to extract in detail view that moderate LDR-LR of time for exposure is corresponding with target image; For three brightness region, extract three corresponding training sample sets.
Further, in described video understanding, Video Events comprises output road traffic accident (comprise parking, queuing, hypervelocity and drive in the wrong direction) and traffic parameter (comprising flow, car speed, vehicle classification).
Based on HDR and the HR image rebuilding method of sample prediction, the method is divided into off-line training part and the online two parts of rebuilding; Off-line part comprises learning sample collection, tissue and classification fallout predictor training part.The online part of rebuilding is that to carry out HDR-HR be high dynamic range and high resolution image reconstruction for low-dynamic range and low-resolution image to several LDR-LR with little same exposure parameter of input.First, by the average image of input picture, carry out the background luminance classification of scene; Then, according to brightness classification results, utilize the classification fallout predictor that off-line part trains to carry out high dynamic range and the prediction of high-resolution detailed information to input picture, finally rebuild HDR-HR image.
This digital image processing method has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention is realized and is made the type of the event that detects wider by video enhancing, video analysis and video understanding, and precision is higher, and the automatic control of highway has been guaranteed in the correct identification of event.
(2) the present invention, by the study to example sample, sets up the mapping relations between LDR-LR (Low Dynamic Range-Low Resolution) and HDR-HR (High Dynamic Range-High Resolution).By rationalization's sample, the strategies such as classification based training learning model are without the artificial reconstruction of combining that realizes HDR-HR image mutual in the situation that.
(3) the inventive method is divided into off-line and online two parts.Off-line part mainly completes the training of collection, tissue and the classification fallout predictor of example sample; Online part trains the classification fallout predictor obtaining to complete the reconstruction of combining of image by off-line part.The reconstruction of combining of carrying out image high dynamic range and super-resolution in the framework based on sample prediction study is provided, and the method can be rebuild high dynamic range and high-resolution target image simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the flow chart of digital image processing method of the present invention;
Fig. 2: off-line training part flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 3: the online reconstruction portion of the present invention is divided flow chart;
Fig. 4: sample extraction mode of the present invention (corresponding relation); A) b) LDR-LR detail pictures of HDR-HR detail pictures.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, the present invention will be further described:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of digital image processing method, comprise the following steps: camera acquisition is carried out to video enhancing, video analysis and video successively to highway video image and understand, wherein, it is that several low-resolution images with different exposure parameters are redeveloped into and have high brightness dynamic range and high-resolution high quality graphic by Same Scene that described video strengthens, for video analysis layer provides high-quality video image, thus the reliability of raising Video processing result; Described video analysis is to detect by moving target, and estimation and target following video analysis algorithm extract the space-time characteristics of objects in video bottom and middle level, for the Identification of events in high-rise Video processing provides deduction foundation; The space-time object low-level image feature that described video is understood by analyzing and understand video analysis layer and providing completes the identification to monitor video event.
Put forward the methods of the present invention is divided into off-line training and the online two parts of rebuilding.Off-line training part flow chart as shown in Figure 2, comprises learning sample collection, tissue and classification fallout predictor training part.Sample collection process is divided three classes and carries out respectively according to scene brightness difference.Adopt clustering method to organize sample file.Then, by linearity or nonlinear prediction device learning method, classification fallout predictor is trained.
Online reconstruction portion divides flow chart as shown in Figure 3, and the LR-LDR image 3 width of input to different exposure parameters carries out HDR-HR reconstruction.First, by the average image of input picture, carry out the background luminance classification of scene; Then, according to brightness classification results, utilize the classification fallout predictor that off-line training part trains input picture to be carried out to the prediction of high dynamic range and high-resolution detailed information, finally rebuild high-frequency information.
Below in conjunction with example, the method is elaborated.
(1) off-line training part;
Training image is chosen many group HDR scene image compositions.Each HDR scene training plan is by the excessive I that exposes
1, moderate T exposes
0with the too small T of exposure
-1three width LDR-LR images and the target image IHDR-HR composition of HDR-HR scene corresponding to a width.When sample collection, first HDR-HR scene is carried out to background luminance classification.Background luminance classification can adopt kinds of schemes, as can be to the average image I of three width LDR-LR images
averagecarry out K mean cluster, be divided into three classes, thereby image is divided into clear zone, moderate district and San Ge region, dark space.According to scene brightness classification results, in the clear zone sample detail view corresponding with target image at short LDR-LR of time for exposure, extract; In the dark space sample detail view corresponding with target image at long LDR-LR of time for exposure, extract; The moderate district of brightness, selects to extract in detail view that moderate LDR-LR of time for exposure is corresponding with target image; Acquisition example sample in each region, forms three training sample sets.
Example sample is comprised of paired image information piece, i.e. HDR-HR image block and corresponding LDR-LR image block.Before sample extraction, respectively LDR-LR and HDR-HR training image are carried out to two-sided filter filtering, then original image is deducted to filtered image and obtain detailed information.On corresponding detailed information image, according to the paired example sample of the corresponding relation collection shown in Fig. 4.In Fig. 4, take sampling multiple, equal 2 as example.What corresponding sample extracted respectively is the vector of 16 dimensions.
Three training sample database that collect are carried out respectively the sample tissue based on cluster.Can adopt K mean cluster, the LDR-LR part in sample is carried out to cluster.
For each Sample Storehouse, train a classification fallout predictor.Classification fallout predictor consists of one group of sub-fallout predictor, the corresponding sub-fallout predictor of sample set of each cluster classification.In the training of sub-fallout predictor, all samples of corresponding classification are training sample.Wherein LDR-LR part is input, and HDR-HR part is target.The object of fallout predictor is to describe the mapping relations of similar sample LDR-LR and HDR-HR.This mapping relations are for instructing the HDR-HR image reconstruction of non-training sample LDR-LR image sequence.Sub-fallout predictor can adopt simple least mean-square error (Least Mean Squares, LMS) fallout predictor.
The object of off-line training part is training and the classification fallout predictor of the corresponding number of background luminance classification quantity, represents the mapping relations between the concentrated LDR-LR of different training samples and HDR-HR.Classification fallout predictor is for the detailed information prediction of online process of reconstruction.
(2) rebuild online part.
The input picture that does not belong to training image take three width is example, I
--1be a shorter image of time for exposure, I
1the image of growing for the time for exposure, I
0for time for exposure normal picture.In order to keep scene overall brightness dynamic range, select the average image of three width experiment input pictures as LDR-LR initial pictures, initial pictures is amplified to target image size through bilinear interpolation, as basic tomographic image.To I
0gray level image carry out K mean cluster and obtain scene brightness classification, be partitioned into the moderate district of clear zone, dark space and brightness.
To I
--1, I
0and T
1carry out respectively detailed information extraction, be about to the difference image of former figure and the filtered smoothed image of two-sided filter as LDR-LR detail pictures.
According to brightness classification results, in the process of rebuilding in the pixel in what region, adopt respectively the classification fallout predictor of corresponding classification to predict.During prediction, the code book that first input data produce by sample classification process is encoded, i.e. classification; Then according to its classification, select corresponding sub-fallout predictor to carry out detailed information prediction.
Corresponding to three width input pictures, for clear zone, I
-1the corresponding details of image is often for dark space, I
-1the corresponding details of epigraph is many.Corresponding normal region I
0the corresponding details of image is many.Prisoner this, when being used for carrying out the prediction of high-frequency information with classification fallout predictor, correspond respectively to different luminance areas, adopt different input pictures to instruct the prediction of detailed information, estimate the stacked HDR-HR image that forms fusion in initial estimation image that is added to of the detailed information obtaining most.
Finally, by image observation model, the basic tomographic image that adopts the value of taking out to amplify carries out model constrained to fused images, by iteration optimization, obtain reconstructed results image.
The high dynamic range and the super-resolution associating method for reconstructing that the present invention is based on study, can high contrast scene carry out effective imaging, reaches the target of simultaneously rebuilding high-resolution and high dynamic range images.Off-line training process can once be trained, repeatedly application.Online reconstruction is effective, fast operation.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention has been carried out to exemplary description above; obvious realization of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as the various improvement that adopted method design of the present invention and technical scheme to carry out; or without improving, design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion, all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a digital image processing method, comprise the following steps: camera acquisition is carried out to video enhancing, video analysis and video successively to highway video image and understand, wherein, it is that several low-resolution images with different exposure parameters are redeveloped into and have high brightness dynamic range and high-resolution high quality graphic by Same Scene that described video strengthens, for video analysis layer provides high-quality video image, thus the reliability of raising Video processing result; Described video analysis is to detect by moving target, and estimation and target following video analysis algorithm extract the space-time characteristics of objects in video bottom and middle level, for the Identification of events in high-rise Video processing provides deduction foundation; The space-time object low-level image feature that described video is understood by analyzing and understand video analysis layer and providing completes the identification to monitor video event.
2. digital image processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is that HDR and HR image rebuilding method based on sample prediction realized that described video strengthens, and this method for reconstructing comprises step 1, off-line training part and step 2, rebuilds part online.
3. digital image processing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described step 1, off-line training part consist of following sub-step: step 1.1, gather training sample: several that training image is Same Scene have low-resolution image and the target image corresponding to a width of different exposure parameters; In training image, extract corresponding LDR-LR and HDR-HR image information piece to as training sample; Step 1.2, tissue training's sample: adopt clustering method to carry out taxonomic organization to the sample set from Different background illumination district; Step 1.3, be a fallout predictor of each cluster sample set training; Obtain three classification fallout predictors in corresponding clear zone, dark space and moderate district.
4. digital image processing method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: step 2, the online part of rebuilding consist of following sub-step: step 2.1, the scene brightness of input image sequence is cut apart, formed three different regions of exposure; Step 2.2, the basic layer of input image sequence is estimated; Step 2.3, according to the brightness classification results of input picture, by the classification fallout predictor training, the detailed information of each position image block is predicted, obtain the levels of detail of scene; Step 2.4, the basic layer of general and levels of detail estimated result additive fusion; Step 2.5, fused images is carried out to the constraint of low-resolution image observation model, obtain reconstructed results.
5. according to digital image processing method described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: step 1.1, gather training sample step and comprise: step 1.1.1, according to scene brightness difference, sample is divided into clear zone, dark space and San Ge region, moderate district; Step 1.1.2, detailed information are calculated: the detailed information that employing two-sided filter extracts every width sample image is as sample data; Step 1.1.3, sample collection: sample is the paired image information piece that input LDR-LR and target HDR-HR detail pictures correspondence position extract; According to scene brightness classification results, in the clear zone sample detail view corresponding with target image at short LDR-LR of time for exposure, extract; In the dark space sample detail view corresponding with target image at long LDR-LR of time for exposure, extract; The moderate district of brightness, selects to extract in detail view that moderate LDR-LR of time for exposure is corresponding with target image; For three brightness region, extract three corresponding training sample sets.
6. according to digital image processing method described in any one in claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: in described video understanding, Video Events comprises that output road traffic accident (comprise parking, queuing, hypervelocity and drive in the wrong direction) and traffic parameter (comprise flow, car speed, vehicle classification).
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Inventor after: Yang Xinfeng Inventor after: Yang Yanyan Inventor after: Liu Wenjie Inventor after: Lu Yingying Inventor after: Quan Shangke Inventor after: Liu Xiaohui Inventor before: Yang Xinfeng Inventor before: Yang Yanyan Inventor before: Liu Wenjie |
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| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: YANG XINFENG YANG YANYAN LIU WENJIE TO: YANG XINFENG YANG YANYAN LIU WENJIE LU YINGYING QUAN SHANGKE LIU XIAOHUI |
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| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20140530 Address after: Changjiang Road, Nanyang city Henan province 473004 Wancheng District No. 80 Applicant after: Nanyang Science Technology College Address before: Changjiang Road, Nanyang city Henan province 473004 Wancheng District No. 80 Applicant before: Yang Xinfeng Applicant before: Yang Yanyan Applicant before: Liu Wenjie |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
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Application publication date: 20140423 |