CN103743668B - Side impact friction testing device and testing method - Google Patents

Side impact friction testing device and testing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103743668B
CN103743668B CN201410042646.6A CN201410042646A CN103743668B CN 103743668 B CN103743668 B CN 103743668B CN 201410042646 A CN201410042646 A CN 201410042646A CN 103743668 B CN103743668 B CN 103743668B
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sample
bar
impact
incident bar
strain gauge
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CN201410042646.6A
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CN103743668A (en
Inventor
彭玉兴
朱真才
邹声勇
史志远
于永立
刘送永
曹国华
王大刚
卢昊
陈松战
陶庆
孙士生
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Mining Products Safety Approval And Certification Center
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Luoyang Mining Machinery and Engineering Design Institute Co Ltd
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LUOYANG MINE MACHINERY ENGINEE
Mining Products Safety Approval And Certification Center
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a side impact friction testing device and a testing method, wherein the side impact friction factor testing device comprises a pneumatic pump, a pneumatic impact device, an arc track, an incident rod, a clamp, a support, a small wheel, an acceleration sensor, a speed sensor, a first strain gauge, a second strain gauge, a first sample, a second sample, a transmission rod, a belt pulley, a shock absorber, a belt, a variable frequency motor, a signal acquisition device and a computer. The pneumatic impact device and the bottom of the support are provided with small wheels which can move on the circular arc track so as to adjust the incident angle of sample impact. The invention can realize the measurement of side impact friction between materials; the shape of the sample used in the invention can be changed, and the measurement of the side impact friction characteristics between different types of materials can be realized.

Description

A kind of side friction testing arrangement and method of testing
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of side friction testing arrangement and method of testing, be specifically related to one and can directly measure material Impulsive force, impulsive torque, impact velocity, impact acceleration and the device and method of friction factor during material side.
Background technology
Impact friction is the mantle friction that two each and every one surface of solids dynamic impacts are caused.In all kinds of machineries, many zero Parts all subject impact friction in various degree, in the ball mill work process of field, colliery, between steel ball and cylinder, material All there is dynamic side friction.Not yet send out for the test device of impact friction characteristic in material side knockout process Existing, bring the biggest inconvenience to side friction testing.
Therefore, exploitation one conveniently operates, can directly measure impact friction characteristic during material surface side impact Device, provide experimental technique for preferably evaluating material side impact friction characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art and propose a kind of device that can directly measure material side impact friction characteristic And method.
The present invention solves that above-mentioned technical problem adopts the technical scheme that:
A kind of side friction testing arrangement, including pulsometer (01), Pneumatic immpacting device (02), arc orbit (03), incident bar (04), fixture (05), bearing (06), steamboat (07), acceleration transducer (08), velocity sensor (09), One strain gauge (10), the second strain gauge (11), the first sample (12), the second sample (13), transmission bar (14), belt pulley (15), Amortisseur (16), belt (17), frequency conversion motor (18), signal pickup assembly (19) and computer (20);Incident bar (04) and Bearing (06) makes incident bar (04) to move with circumferencial direction vertically by sliding bearing connection;Transmission bar (14) and Seat (06) is connected by rolling bearing, Pneumatic immpacting device (02) and incident bar (04) coaxial line, incident bar (04) and transmission bar (14) not coaxial, both have angle theta by axis;Pneumatic immpacting device (02), support incident bar bearing (06) bottom equipped with little Wheel (07) can be mobile at arc-shaped rail (03), to adjust the incidence angle θ that the first sample (12) impacts;Equipped with fixture on track (05) with the position of fixing steamboat, it is ensured that during side, angle of incidence is constant;The first examination being connected with incident bar (04) The cross section of sample (12) and axial angle need to process-θ in 90 °;The cross section of the second sample (13) enough covers the first sample (12) Cross section;On incident bar (04) the most successively with magnetic acceleration transducer (08), velocity sensor (09), first Strain gauge (10), the second strain gauge (11);Acceleration transducer (08), velocity sensor (09) are respectively used for measuring the first sample (12) acceleration of side, speed;First strain gauge (10) is used for measuring the forward of sample side friction process should Becoming, the second strain gauge (11) is used for measuring the shear strain in sample side friction process;First strain gauge (10) is near entering The left side of Rhizoma Belamcandae (04), the second strain gauge (11), near the right side of incident bar (04), is used for improving the accuracy of measurement result.
Described side friction testing arrangement, the end of incident bar (04) and transmission bar (14) can by profile even Fetch connect first sample (12) of various shape including circle, annular, not similar shape that the second sample (13) forms The side friction pair of formula.
Described side friction testing arrangement, the end face of cylinder of incident bar (04) and transmission bar (14) is screwed with four Individual screw stops the first sample (12), the axial play of the second sample (13).
Described side friction testing arrangement, the angular velocity that transmission bar (14) rotates can be by regulation frequency conversion motor (18) rotating speed regulates.
Described side friction testing arrangement, exists 1-3mm's between the first sample (12) and the second sample (13) Gap, in order to simulation side impact process.
Described side friction testing arrangement, the first sample (12), the second sample (13) cross-sections surfaces can also be coated with Smear some lubricants to simulate the operating mode of wet friction.
Described side friction testing arrangement, is provided with 1-3mm between transmission bar (14) right-hand member and amortisseur (16) Gap, amortisseur (16) can reduce the concussion of transmission bar in impact process (14) and the impact to bearing.
A kind of side friction testing method, illustrates, r as a example by annular shock surface1、r2Represent annular respectively Path, big footpath, comprise the following steps:
1) before experiment, sample surface of friction pair is done certain polishing pretreatment so that it is surface roughness reaches Ra= 0.07 μm, in order to whether produce slip relatively during judging side, if there is dynamic friction.
2) installing the first sample (12) and the second sample (13), start frequency conversion motor (18), Pneumatic immpacting device (02) rushes Be driven into Rhizoma Belamcandae (04), acceleration transducer (08) in signal pickup assembly record experimentation, velocity sensor (09), first should Become meter 10) and the change of the second strain gauge (11);First strain gauge (10) records normal strain ε, and the second strain gauge (11) records cuts Strain γ;
3) impact velocity, acceleration are directly recorded by velocity sensor, acceleration transducer;Impulsive force, impulsive torque and Friction factor is obtained by normal strain ε, the shear strain γ derivation of equation;Computer (20) gathers institute's total during side According to, simulate impulsive force during side, impulsive torque, impact velocity, acceleration and friction factor according to theoretical derivation Change curve;
Incident bar direct stress: σ=E ε, wherein E represents incident bar elastic modelling quantity;
Incident bar surface shearing stress: τ=G γ, wherein G represents the shear modulus of incident bar;
Impulsive force: F=σ A, wherein A=π R2, R represents incident bar radius;
Impulsive torque:Whereinτ represents incident bar surface shearing stress, IRRepresent incident bar cross section Polar moment of inertia to the center of circle;
Friction factor is derived by by following theoretical formula by normal strain ε, shear strain γ:
Sample impact cross section direct stress:WhereinSaRepresent sample impact face, cross section Long-pending;
The average shearing stress in sample impact cross section: τ a = ∫ r 1 r 2 2 πrτ r d r / ( c o s θ ) ∫ r 1 r 2 2 π r d r , Wherein τ r = T r I a , τrRepresent on impact cross section the shearing stress of the arbitrfary point away from the center of circle being r, IaRepresent sample impact cross section pair The polar moment of inertia in the center of circle;
Average shearing stress suffered by sample is equal to frictional force, friction factor:
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention can realize side rub measurement between material;Institute in the present invention The shape of the sample used can be changed, it is possible to realizes the mensuration of side frictional behavior between different types of material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of side friction testing arrangement of the present invention.
The detail view that Fig. 2 is incident bar in Fig. 1 (04) and transmission bar (14) end is connected with sample.
Fig. 3 is the first sample (12), the second sample (13) structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of side friction testing arrangement, including pulsometer 01, Pneumatic immpacting device 02, Arc-shaped rail 03, incident bar 04, bearing 06, acceleration transducer 08, velocity sensor the 09, first strain gauge 10, second should Become meter the 11, first sample the 12, second sample 13, transmission bar 14, belt pulley 15, amortisseur 16, belt 17, frequency conversion motor 18, meter Calculation machine 20 and signal pickup assembly 19;Incident bar 04 and bearing 06 are connected by sliding bearing and make the incident bar 04 can be along axle Move to circumferencial direction;Transmission bar 14 and bearing 06 are connected by rolling bearing, and Pneumatic immpacting device 02 and incident bar 04 are altogether Axis, incident bar 04 and transmission bar 14 are not coaxial, and both have angle theta by axis;Pneumatic immpacting device 02, support incident bar Can move at arc-shaped rail 03 equipped with steamboat 07 bottom seat 06, to adjust the incidence angle θ of the first sample 12 impact;On track Equipped with fixture 05 with the position of fixing steamboat, it is ensured that during side, angle of incidence is constant;Be connected with incident bar 04 The cross section of one sample 12 and axial angle need to process-θ in 90 °;The cross section of the second sample 13 enough covers cutting of the first sample 12 Face.The most successively with magnetic acceleration transducer 08, velocity sensor the 09, first strain gauge on incident bar 04 10, the second strain gauge 11;Acceleration transducer 08, velocity sensor 09 are respectively used for measuring adding of the first sample 12 side Speed, speed;First strain gauge 10 is used for measuring the forward strain of sample side friction process, and the second strain gauge 11 is used for Measure the shear strain in sample side friction process;First strain gauge 10 near the left side of incident bar 04, the second strain gauge 11 near the right side of incident bar 04, is used for improving the accuracy of measurement result;Exist between first sample 12 and the second sample 13 Suitable gap 1-3mm, in order to simulation side impact process.Wherein the end appearance size of incident bar 04 and transmission bar 14 is complete Identical.Its end circular cross-section has foursquare hole slot, and the surrounding of depression bar cylindrical cross-section is uniformly distributed four screwed holes, coordinates Four bolts 21, in order to card fastens sample, the axial pine of first sample the 12, second sample 13 during prevention side Dynamic.The shape of first sample the 12, second sample 13 is as it is shown on figure 3, multi-form can be simulated according to the joint geometry of sample Side friction pair.
By regulating the impact strength of Pneumatic immpacting device 02, to the loading of incident bar 04 varying strength, should by first Becoming meter 10 and measure incident bar 04 intensity of pressure, quantitative simulation analyzes the side friction of experiment material varying strength;Regulation becomes Frequently the rotating speed of motor 18, regulates different initial relative velocities, simulates different actual conditions.Amortisseur 16 can reduce punching The concussion of transmission bar 14 and impact to bearing during hitting.
Refer to Fig. 1, incident bar 04 and transmission bar 14 and be uniformly distributed support by two bearings 06 respectively, tested to increase The stability of depression bar in journey, reduces the error of experimental result.
Impact velocity, impact acceleration Negotiation speed sensor, acceleration transducer directly record;Impulsive force, impact are turned round Square by normal strain ε, shear strain γ by following theoretical derivation obtain (in Fig. 3 as a example by the annular shock surface of upper left illustrate, r1、r2Represent the path of annular, big footpath respectively):
Incident bar direct stress: σ=E ε (wherein E represents incident bar elastic modelling quantity)
Incident bar surface shearing stress: τ=G γ (wherein G represents the shear modulus of incident bar)
Impulsive force: F=σ A (wherein A=π R2, R represents incident bar radius)
Impulsive torque:(whereinτ represents incident bar surface shearing stress, IRRepresent incident bar cross section Polar moment of inertia to the center of circle)
Friction factor is derived by by following theoretical formula by normal strain ε, shear strain γ:
Sample impact cross section direct stress:(whereinSaRepresent sample impact face, cross section Long-pending)
The average shearing stress in sample impact cross section: τ a = ∫ r 1 r 2 2 πrτ r d r / ( cos θ ) ∫ r 1 r 2 2 π r d r (wherein τ r = T r I a , τrRepresent on impact cross section the shearing stress of the arbitrfary point away from the center of circle being r, IaRepresent sample impact cross section pair The polar moment of inertia in the center of circle);
Average shearing stress suffered by sample is equal to frictional force, friction factor:
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or be converted, And all these modifications and variations all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a side friction testing arrangement, it is characterised in that: include pulsometer (01), Pneumatic immpacting device (02), circle Arc track (03), incident bar (04), fixture (05), bearing (06), steamboat (07), acceleration transducer (08), velocity sensor (09), the first strain gauge (10), the second strain gauge (11), the first sample (12), the second sample (13), transmission bar (14), belt Wheel (15), amortisseur (16), belt (17), frequency conversion motor (18), signal pickup assembly (19) and computer (20);Incident bar (04) pass through sliding bearing connection with bearing (06) incident bar (04) can be moved with circumferencial direction vertically;Transmission bar (14) connected by rolling bearing with bearing (06), Pneumatic immpacting device (02) and incident bar (04) coaxial line, incident bar (04) Not coaxial with transmission bar (14), both have angle theta by axis;Pneumatic immpacting device (02), bearing (06) end of support incident bar Portion can be mobile, to adjust the incidence angle θ that the first sample (12) impacts at arc-shaped rail (03) equipped with steamboat (07);On track Equipped with fixture (05) with the position of fixing steamboat, it is ensured that during side, angle of incidence is constant;It is connected with incident bar (04) Cross section and the axial angle of the first sample (12)-θ in 90 ° need to be processed;Second sample (13) is fixing with transmission bar (14) to be connected, The cross section of the second sample (13) enough covers the cross section of the first sample (12);The most successively with band magnetic on incident bar (04) The acceleration transducer (08) of property, velocity sensor (09), the first strain gauge (10), the second strain gauge (11);Acceleration sensing Device (08), velocity sensor (09) are respectively used for measuring the acceleration of the first sample (12) side, speed;First strain gauge (10) being used for measuring the forward strain of sample side friction process, the second strain gauge (11) is used for measuring sample side Shear strain in friction process;First strain gauge (10) is near the left side of incident bar (04), and the second strain gauge (11) is near incident The right side of bar (04), is used for improving the accuracy of measurement result.
2. side friction testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: incident bar (04) and transmission bar (14) End can be connected including circle, annular by profile first sample (12) of various shape, second The side friction pair of the multi-form that sample (13) forms.
3. side friction testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: incident bar (04) and transmission bar (14) The end face of cylinder on be screwed with four screws and stop the first sample (12), the axial play of the second sample (13).
4. side friction testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the angular velocity that transmission bar (14) rotates Can be regulated by the rotating speed of regulation frequency conversion motor (18).
5. side friction testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the first sample (12) and the second sample (13) there is the gap of 1-3mm between, in order to simulation side impact process.
6. side friction testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the first sample (12), the second sample (13) cross-sections surfaces can also smear some lubricants to simulate the operating mode of wet friction.
7. side friction testing arrangement as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: transmission bar (14) right-hand member and amortisseur (16) being provided with 1-3mm gap between, amortisseur (16) can reduce the concussion of transmission bar in impact process (14) and to bearing Impact.
8. apply the arbitrary described side friction testing arrangement of claim 1-7 to carry out side friction testing for one kind Method, shock surface is annular, r1、r2Represent the path of annular, big footpath respectively, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) before experiment, sample surface of friction pair is done certain polishing pretreatment so that it is surface roughness reaches Ra=0.07 μ M, in order to whether produce slip relatively during judging side, if there is dynamic friction;
2) the first sample (12) and the second sample (13) be installed, start frequency conversion motor (18), Pneumatic immpacting device (02) impact into Rhizoma Belamcandae (04), acceleration transducer (08), velocity sensor (09), the first strain gauge in signal pickup assembly record experimentation (10) change of and the second strain gauge (11);First strain gauge (10) records normal strain ε, and the second strain gauge (11) records shear strain γ;
3) impact velocity, acceleration are directly recorded by velocity sensor, acceleration transducer;Impulsive force, impulsive torque and friction Factor is obtained by normal strain ε, the shear strain γ derivation of equation;Computer (20) gathers the data obtained during side, root Impulsive force during side, impulsive torque, impact velocity, acceleration and the change of friction factor is simulated according to theoretical derivation Curve;
Incident bar direct stress: σ=E ε, wherein E represents incident bar elastic modelling quantity;
Incident bar surface shearing stress: τ=G γ, wherein G represents the shear modulus of incident bar;
Impulsive force: F=σ A, wherein A=π R2, R represents incident bar radius;
Impulsive torque:Whereinτ represents incident bar surface shearing stress, IRRepresent that incident bar cross section is to circle The polar moment of inertia of the heart;
Friction factor is derived by by following theoretical formula by normal strain ε, shear strain γ:
Sample impact cross section direct stress:WhereinSaRepresent sample impact area of section;
The average shearing stress in sample impact cross section:Wherein τrRepresenting on impact cross section the shearing stress of the arbitrfary point away from the center of circle being r, Tr represents that sample impact cross section is any of r away from the center of circle The impulsive torque of point, IaRepresent the sample impact cross section polar moment of inertia to the center of circle;
Average shearing stress suffered by sample is equal to frictional force, friction factor:
CN201410042646.6A 2014-01-29 2014-01-29 Side impact friction testing device and testing method Expired - Fee Related CN103743668B (en)

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