CN103743535A - Large-amplitude translation/rotation-coupled vibration experiment device loaded under the control of force and torque - Google Patents
Large-amplitude translation/rotation-coupled vibration experiment device loaded under the control of force and torque Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-amplitude translation/rotation-coupled vibration experiment device loaded under the control of force and torque. The device comprises a portal frame, vibration structure plates, loading springs, a three-way acceleration sensor and a displacement sensor, wherein the portal frame includes two supporting columns, a top cross beam, a bottom cross beam and a bearing platform used for fixing a damper and disposed between the top cross beam and the bottom cross beam, the vibration structure plates include an upper-part vibration structure plate and a lower-part vibration structure plate, the loading springs include a horizontal loading spring and a vertical loading spring, the three-way acceleration sensor is arranged on the upper-part vibration structure plate, and the displacement sensor is arranged between the upper-part vibration structure plate and the top cross beam. The experiment device of the invention is strong in applicability and simple in operation; and the device is applicable to experimental simulation of various ocean engineering structures, ships and submarines, high-speed trains, super-large-span building structures, military and civil aircrafts, spacecrafts and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large amplitude translation rotation coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading.
Background technology
Most engineering structure systems as various ocean engineering structures, naval vessel submarine, High Speed Railway Trains, super-span building structure, military-civil aircraft, spacecraft etc., can be vibrated under external load function.No matter be that existing system is optimized to analysis, still carry out innovation concept research and design, all need to carry out vibration experiment simulation.Under some working condition, these engineering systems are being subject to, after external applied load (force and moment) effect, the vibration intercoupling compared with the multiple degree of freedom of large amplitude, translation and rotation occurring.Be sought after a kind of general experimental provision of large amplitude coupled vibrations that can simulate this load controlled loading, to can carry out effective experimental study with lower cost, for every profession and trade industrial design and innovation research provide technical support for this reason.
This general experimental provision can be applied to the translation rotation coupled dynamic response experimental simulation of multiple heavy construction structural system.For example: oil exploitation forward ocean development at present, the marine structure things such as various floating ocean platforms obtain more application, but floating structure can produce compared with reciprocal translation and the oscillating motion of large amplitude under severe sea condition, affects normal operation and even can threaten platform safety; When surface vessel navigates by water in high sea, also can there is significantly pitching, hang down and the coupled motions of translation and rotation such as swing; Bullet train can be subject to the excitation of non-permanent aerodynamic loading and irregularity track in operational process, causes yaw, sidewinders coupled vibrations and dynamic buckling problem, affects safe train operation, to passenger safety, brings hidden danger; Also can there is similar harmful coupled vibrations response in other large scale structures.For avoiding normal operation function, the harm personnel life security of above-mentioned vibration effect engineering structure, when carrying out finished product design or carrying out new-product development, generally all need to carry out coupled vibration experiment.
Also lack at present the general vibration testing device that one can realize load (force and moment) controlled loading, significantly motion, translation and rotation coupling simultaneously.Conventional experimental provision or can only carry out acceleration loading or can only allow to move by a small margin or cannot realize the coupling of translation and rotation, thereby can not practical requirement.Large scale industry works, before definite final design scheme, sometimes adopts expensive Special experimental equipment (as oceanographic engineering pond) to carry out final experiment and checks.But high large-scale Special experimental equipment costs such as oceanographic engineering pond, quantity is rare, experiment and measurement expense also very expensive, cannot be generalizable.This is not easy in exploratory R&D process, find by experiment at any time new phenomenon, carry out original reason experiment; And owing to cannot repeatedly carrying out great many of experiments, be also not easy to seek the Changing Pattern of some sensitive parameter and carry out optimal design.Therefore,, in the urgent need to inventing a kind of general convenience, with low cost, can under the external load effects such as force and moment, realize vibration testing device large amplitude motion, translation and the coupling of rotation multiple degrees of freedom.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading, this device can be realized experimental simulation and the Measurement accuracy that Engineering Vibration system large amplitude translation occurs under force and moment controlled loading condition and rotates multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations, this device can be realized the force and moment Loading Control of various ways, both can implementation rule sinusoidal load, also can realize irregular random loading.The general convenience of this device, with low cost.
The multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading of the present invention comprises:
Portal frame, this portal frame comprises two support posts, top cross beam, base cross members and the carrying platform between described top cross beam and base cross members for fixed buffer, the tunable arrangement of restriction lengthwise movement is installed in the middle of carrying platform, and carrying platform left side is also provided with horizontal loading apparatus;
Vibrational structure plate, comprises top vibrational structure plate and bottom vibrational structure plate, and top vibrational structure plate can be arranged between described top cross beam and carrying platform to elastic and vertical up-down vibration by vertical structure spring; Bottom vibrational structure plate can be arranged between described carrying platform and base cross members to elastic and vertical up-down vibration by vertical structure spring, top vibrational structure plate is connected by four adjustable steam boat ratchet web members with bottom vibrational structure plate, form an one-piece construction, in this integrally-built left side, the level that is provided with loads web member;
Loading spring, comprise horizontal loading spring and Plumb load spring, horizontal loading spring one end loads web member with level and is connected, the other end connects horizontal loading apparatus, Plumb load spring one end is connected with described bottom vibrational structure plate, and the other end is connected with the vertical loading device being installed on vertical vibration loading bench;
Three-dimensional acceleration transducer, is arranged on the vibrational structure plate of described top;
Displacement transducer, is arranged between described top vibrational structure plate and top cross beam, is arranged on equally left side column and level and loads between web member.
Preferably, described vertical structure spring is 8, comprises 4 upper vertical structure springs that are arranged between described top vibrational structure plate and top cross beam, and other 4 lower vertical structure springs that are arranged between bottom vibrational structure plate and base cross members.
Preferably, vertical structure spring-fixed structure is installed in described top cross beam, described upper vertical structure spring is fixed on upper vertical structure spring-fixed structure by the adjustable link of upper vertical structure spring.Preferably, lower vertical structure spring-fixed structure is installed in described base cross members, described lower vertical structure spring is fixed on lower vertical structure spring-fixed structure by the adjustable link of lower vertical structure spring.Preferably, described horizontal structure spring is also 8, and every 4 are separately positioned between upper and lower two vibrational structure plate both sides and portal frame support post.
Preferably, both sides two spherical ball of mounting arrangements respectively before and after described upper and lower two vibrational structure plates, these 8 spherical ball are clipped in the middle of up-down vibration structural slab and lengthwise movement confinement plate, by adjusting, limit the tunable arrangement of lengthwise movement, spherical ball and gap lengthwise movement confinement plate can be set.The level that is provided with in the left side of up-down vibration structural slab loads web member, in order to arrange horizontal loading spring, power sensor and web member.
Preferably, described Plumb load spring is 1 or many, is arranged between described bottom vibrational structure plate and vertical vibration loading bench.
Preferably, between described top vibration board structure and top cross beam, be provided with adjustable damping unit, be arranged on equally left side column and level and load between web member.
The present invention passes through the custom-designed carrying platform for special vibration absorber, the parts such as adjustable bearing (comprising fixing spring structure and adjusting screw), adjustable damping unit, spring equipment (comprising loading spring and structure spring), fixing steelframe and special connecting piece.Above-mentioned various assemblies are carried out to flexible combination by loading spring and electromagnetic loading device, and just forming one can be in wider frequency range, and the general experimental provision of large amplitude translation and rotation multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations occurs under force and moment controlled loading condition.This experimental provision is easy to dismounting, can needs flexibility and changeability to regulate according to difference research, coordinate sensors, this device can be realized the Measurement accuracy that Engineering Vibration system large amplitude translation occurs under force and moment controlled loading condition and rotates multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations.
Experimental provision applicability of the present invention is strong, simple to operate; Be applicable to the experimental simulations such as various ocean engineering structures, naval vessel submarine, High Speed Railway Trains, super-span building structure, military-civil aircraft, spacecraft.
The present invention, owing to taking above technical scheme, also has the following advantages:
1) this experimental provision can carry out power controlled loading and Torque Control loading.About Torque Control, load, the present invention proposes three kinds of distinct methods, all can realize for the force and moment of structure and loading.This device can be realized multiple frequency external loads and encourage (also can realize same frequency excitation) simultaneously, can also, according to requirement of experiment, by regulating the rigidity of loading spring, regulate the size of loading force; By regulating the position of loading spring, to the bias-load of structure, realize the adjusting control to opplied moment, thus Reality simulation load situation more accurately.
2) this device can model configuration translation, multiple Degree-of-freedom Coupling responses such as rotation, can simulate under Arbitrary Load effect, the dynamic response of structure, and designed the carrying platform for special vibration absorber, for fixed buffer, research platform structural vibration reduction effect.
3) this experimental provision can be carried out vibration experiment within the scope of wider load frequency, and the adjustable frequency scope of electromagnetic loading device is: 2-2500Hz, can meet most simulated experiment requirement.
4) this experimental provision is by parts such as custom-designed adjustable bearing (comprising spring-fixed structure and adjusting screw), adjustable damping unit, fixing steelframe and special connecting pieces, and be connected with vibrational structure platform by spring, make vibrational structure platform as by subjects, thereby can simulate under any given external load effect, with different frequency, carry out the motion response compared with amplitude.
5) this experimental provision has overcome the deficiency that common vibration table lacks self rigidity.Utilize the extension spring that is connected with portal frame to provide self rigidity for vibrational structure; Spring is connected with support by screw rod, and spring hitch point is adjustable at any time, to guarantee each spring tension equal and opposite in direction.At each spring, all keep under extended state, shaking platform can do the to-and-fro movement compared with large amplitude.This experimental provision is easy, easy in adjusting rigidity, only needs the spring by changing different-stiffness, can reach the object of change rigidity.
6) use after this experimental provision, vertical vibration test can meet under the principle of similitude and test at master mould and empirical model.Except the platform stiffness tuning mode described in (5), vibrational structure platform weight can regulate at any time by increasing mass.The damping of structure can be arranged on structural damping unit by adjusting and realize similar to the damping of practical structures.
7) loading equipemtn can need to be changed according to experiment, and experimental provision can be simulated under any given external load effect, does the Engineering Vibration system of Large Amplitude Motion with different frequency, various amplitude.For height and the locational difference of different chargers, we can utilize chute on fixing steelframe and screw rod by charger, spring and vibration test structure three's centering and be adjusted to vertically.
8) this experimental provision applicability strong, be easy to dismounting, be convenient to need to reequip flexibly according to difference research, can realize multiple layout.On device, with displacement transducer, power sensor and three-dimensional acceleration transducer, when in structure motion system, some performance is optimized, assesses, this covering device is easier to operation than traditional analog device.
9) experimental provision is mainly take standard i shaped steel and steel plate as raw material.In test unit cost, this vibration table and experimental provision thereof are equipped (as oceanographic engineering pond) well below large-scale Special experimental, and the operating cost of test is also quite cheap in contrast.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the wiring layout of the multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading;
Fig. 2 is three kinds of multi-form schematic diagram of realizing moment loading principle;
Number in the figure explanation:
1 portal frame top cross beam; The adjustable link of 2 structure spring; 3 vertical structure spring-fixed structures; 4 displacement transducers; 5 portal frame support posts; 6 adjustable dampers; 7 vertical structure springs; 8 three-dimensional acceleration transducers; The tunable arrangement of 9 restriction lengthwise movements; 10 carrying platforms; 11 bottom vibrational structure plates; 12 horizontal structure springs; 13 lengthwise movement confinement plates; 14 spherical ball, fixing spring polycrystalline substance; 15 top vibrational structure plates; 16 adjustable steam boat ratchet web members; 17 levels load web member; 18 horizontal loading springs, power sensor and web member; 19 horizontal loading apparatus; 20 Plumb load springs, power sensor and web member; 21 horizontal structure spring-fixed structures; 22 vertical loading devices; 23 base cross members; 24 vertical vibration loading bench.
Embodiment
If experimental provision is wanted to meet preferably kinds of experiments requirement, need to meet following 6 points: one, can realize multiple frequency external loads and encourage simultaneously, multiple Degree-of-freedom Coupling responses such as structure translation, rotation; Two, can realize the force and moment controlled loading scheme of any given load, can in wider frequency territory, carry out vibration experiment; Three, this device can make experimental subjects under any given external load effect, carry out the to-and-fro movement (multiple Degree-of-freedom Coupling such as translation, rotation) compared with large amplitude bearing; Four, the rigidity size of this device can regulate, the initial position of experimental subjects can regulate; Five, the damping of vibrational system can regulate in a big way; Six, the quality of vibrational system can regulate on demand.Above this some all can complete by this experimental provision.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, to of the present invention, be described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes:
A fixing portal frame agent structure is formed by connecting by two vertical support posts 5 and three sections of crossbeam screws, and material adopts standard i shaped steel (25b) and steel plate.Vertical structure spring-fixed structure 3 is installed in portal frame top cross beam 1, and remain in advance fixedly mounting the mounting hole of the adjustable link 2 of structure spring thereon, two semi-girders 23 have been installed in the bottom of portal frame, and perpendicular direction mounting structure steel plate thereon, on steel plate, also reserved the mounting hole for fixedly mounting the adjustable link 2 of structure spring.Horizontal structure spring-fixed structure 21 is installed on portal frame column 5, and is remained in advance fixedly mounting the mounting hole of the adjustable link of horizontal structure spring thereon.These springs are adjustable when link is convenient to test for the adjusting of vertical structure spring 7 and horizontal structure spring 12, make spring spacing between any two meet regulation elongation, take this, guarantee that spring rate value is as specifying size.
The carrying platform 10 for special vibration absorber is installed at middle part at portal frame, for fixed buffer, and research platform structural vibration effectiveness in vibration suppression.Tunable arrangement 9 and the horizontal loading apparatus 19 of restriction lengthwise movement are installed in the middle of carrying platform 10.
By adjustable steam boat ratchet web member 16, top vibrational structure plate 15 and bottom vibrational structure plate 11 are coupled together, form an one-piece construction.Both sides two spherical ball 14 of mounting arrangements respectively before and after two vibrational structure plates, spherical ball 14 is sandwiched in the middle of vibrational structure plate 11,15 and lengthwise movement confinement plate 13, by adjusting, limit the tunable arrangement of lengthwise movement, spherical ball 14 and gap lengthwise movement confinement plate 13 can be set.The level that is provided with in the left side of up-down vibration structural slab 15,11 loads web member 17, in order to arrange horizontal loading spring, power sensor and web member 18.
Displacement transducer 4, adjustable dampers 6, three-dimensional acceleration transducer 8 are installed on top vibrational structure plate 15, Plumb load spring, power sensor and web member 20 are installed on bottom vibrational structure plate 11, on vibrational structure plate 11,15, also reserve many screws, for installing, fixed other experimental provisions.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, this horizontal vibration testing table attachment device implementation process is described:
When this device is produced, the joist steel that first-selected intensity is higher and steel plate also guarantee that the rear each surface evenness of welding is higher, more than the machining precision of all accessories of a whole set of experimental provision all will reach 0.5mm, on attachment device, the screwhole position of beating will guarantee the high precision of 0.1mm.
Before experimental provision is installed, vertical structure fixed sturcture 3 and top cross beam 1 are connected, and use infrared level meter, realize vertical centering with the structure of bottom.Four vertical structure springs that then top is first installed, adjusting screw(rod) makes it in identical vertical position.Then hang the steam boat ratchet web member 16 of having fixed top vibrational structure plate 15 and bottom vibrational structure plate 11, guarantee fixing fixing, and the homogeneity of position.Regulate steam boat ratchet intermediate sleeve, the screw rod at two ends is discharged, be convenient to apply pretension to spring.Next step installs bottom four root architecture springs, and by regulating intermediate sleeve, makes four groups of structure springs all in identical extended state.Last installing force loading spring and all sensors.
The adjustable link 2 of horizontal structure spring-fixed structure 21 and structure spring is installed on support post 5, and use infrared level meter, regulate their height, guarantee that eight adjustable links 2 of horizontal structure spring keep respectively level with eight links on vibrational structure plate 11,15.Then symmetry hangs eight horizontal structure springs respectively, by regulating the screw rod of adjustable link 2, makes eight springs in identical extended state.
Eight spherical ball 14 symmetries are fixed on to the both sides of vibrational structure plate 11,15, guarantee 13 surfacings of lengthwise movement confinement plate, in the process of motion, spherical ball 14 can freely be rotated thereon.According to the damping needs of structure, can limit by adjusting the tunable arrangement of lengthwise movement, control the gap between spherical ball 14 and lengthwise movement limited version 13, with this, reach the effect of control structure damping.
During experimental provision work, preferably six sensors are all connected with signal receiver, by the comprehensive analysis to force signal, displacement signal and acceleration signal, can obtain comparatively ideal experimental result.When platform structure damping is undesirable, can also simulate accurately practical structures by damping adjusting device.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention includes:
The present invention proposes three kinds of force and moment loading methods (all can implementation rule ripple loading and random wave loading):
A) use a loading spring, by connecting charger, can realizable force Loading Control; The position of putting by regulating action, by bias-load, realizes the moment Loading Control to structure.
B) use two different-stiffness loading springs, the two ends of spring are separately fixed on bottom vibrational structure plate and Plumb load flat board, and the dull and stereotyped bottom of Plumb load connects charger; By regulate two springs rigidity and, the loading waveform of loader can provide power Loading Control, regulates the poor rigidity of two springs and the loading waveform of loader that moment Loading Control can be provided.Be with c) difference, b) adopt a charger, be more convenient for regulating, precision is higher.For example, for regular wave situation, this method is c) height of ratio of precision when carrying out single-frequency loading, uses also more convenient.
C) use two different-stiffness loading springs, the two ends of spring are separately fixed at bottom vibrational structure plate and two independently on charger; By regulate two springs rigidity and and the loading waveform of loader power Loading Control can be provided, regulate the poor rigidity of two springs and the loading waveform of loader that moment Loading Control can be provided.Be c) there are two independently chargers with b) difference, applicability is better.For example, for regular wave situation, this method can provide a kind of bifrequency different phase load mode.
Claims (8)
1. a large amplitude translation rotation multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision for force and moment controlled loading, is characterized in that, comprising:
Portal frame, this portal frame comprises two support posts, top cross beam, base cross members and the carrying platform between described top cross beam and base cross members for fixed buffer, the tunable arrangement of restriction lengthwise movement is installed in the middle of carrying platform, and carrying platform left side is also provided with horizontal loading apparatus;
Vibrational structure plate, comprises top vibrational structure plate and bottom vibrational structure plate, and top vibrational structure plate can be arranged between described top cross beam and carrying platform to elastic and vertical up-down vibration by vertical structure spring; Bottom vibrational structure plate can be arranged between described carrying platform and base cross members to elastic and vertical up-down vibration by vertical structure spring, top vibrational structure plate is connected by four adjustable steam boat ratchet web members with bottom vibrational structure plate, form an one-piece construction, in this integrally-built left side, the level that is provided with loads web member;
Loading spring, comprise horizontal loading spring and Plumb load spring, horizontal loading spring one end loads web member with level and is connected, the other end connects horizontal loading apparatus, Plumb load spring one end is connected with described bottom vibrational structure plate, and the other end is connected with the vertical loading device being installed on vertical vibration loading bench;
Three-dimensional acceleration transducer, is arranged on the vibrational structure plate of described top;
Displacement transducer, is arranged between described top vibrational structure plate and top cross beam, is arranged on equally left side column and level and loads between web member.
2. the multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vertical structure spring is 8, comprise 4 upper vertical structure springs that are arranged between described top vibrational structure plate and top cross beam, and other 4 lower vertical structure springs that are arranged between bottom vibrational structure plate and base cross members.
3. top cross beam according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: vertical structure spring-fixed structure is installed in described top cross beam, and described upper vertical structure spring is fixed on vertical structure spring-fixed structure by the adjustable link of upper vertical structure spring.
4. base cross members according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: lower vertical structure spring-fixed structure is installed in described base cross members, and described lower vertical structure spring is fixed on lower vertical structure spring-fixed structure by the adjustable link of lower vertical structure spring.
5. the multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described horizontal structure spring is also 8, every 4 are separately positioned between upper and lower two vibrational structure plate both sides and portal frame support post.
6. the multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: both sides two spherical ball of mounting arrangements respectively before and after described upper and lower two vibrational structure plates, these 8 spherical ball are clipped in the middle of up-down vibration structural slab and lengthwise movement confinement plate, by adjusting, limit the tunable arrangement of lengthwise movement, spherical ball and gap lengthwise movement confinement plate can be set.The level that is provided with in the left side of up-down vibration structural slab loads web member, in order to arrange horizontal loading spring, power sensor and web member.
7. the multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Plumb load spring is 1 or many, is arranged between described bottom vibrational structure plate and vertical vibration loading bench.
8. the multiple degrees of freedom coupled vibrations experimental provision of force and moment controlled loading according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between described top vibration board structure and top cross beam, be provided with adjustable damping unit, be arranged on equally left side column and level and load between web member.
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