CN103742575B - A kind of evaluation method of the EMUs brake lining wear extent based on on-line monitoring - Google Patents
A kind of evaluation method of the EMUs brake lining wear extent based on on-line monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluation method of the EMUs brake lining wear extent based on on-line monitoring, the evaluation method comprises the following steps：1) EMUs running status, subsystem work state are monitored, and the train operating data of collection is sent to ground receiving system；2) ground receiving system is stored to service data, and speed, BC pressure, AC pressure and braking duration data in train operation are filtered out from the data of reception；3) the equivalent friction distance that the n-th moment pressure is acted on brake lining and brake disc is determined according to the data filtered out；4) according to equivalent friction distance, BC pressure, the total wear extent of the n-th moment brake lining is determined.The evaluation method wear extent of the more accurate estimation per train brake pad, on the premise of brake lining braking ability is ensured, can extend the service life of brake lining, be wasted so as to reduce, reduce maintenance cost according to the brake condition of every train.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to areas of information technology, and in particular to a kind of EMUs brake lining wear extent based on on-line monitoring is estimated
Calculation method.
Background technology
Brakes is one of most important system of motor-car.Brake lining is the critical component of brakes.Its performance is directly closed
It is the security to motor-car operation.High temperature in braking and in the presence of suppressing, can cause one to brakes critical component
Fixed abrasion.In order to ensure the performance of brakes, railway department is generally using timing at present（Distance travelled）Change.Thus produce
Raw two kinds of risks：First, owe maintenance；Second, excessively repair.The former causes excessive wear, influences traffic safety, and the latter causes to waste,
Increase maintenance cost.Although Braking System for Multiple Units only about accounts for the 15% of whole EMUs cost, because brake lining quantity is more,
Maintenance load is big, and more than 40% is but accounted in maintenance cost.Therefore, it is necessary to which a kind of effective means are to EMUs damper brake
The abrasion condition of piece is monitored on-line and estimated, to predict the service life of brake lining.
At present, the also no effective method of the abrasion estimation of EMUs brake lining, but the abrasion for general device and life-span
The method of prediction mainly includes the method based on physics and the method based on experience.
1st, the method based on physics
Method based on physics attempts the specific machine power of bonding apparatus and gained knowledge（Such as：Damage model of growth）And equipment
On-line condition monitoring data, with the residual life of pre- measurement equipment.The common method based on physics mainly uses crackle in document
Extended model, fragmentation model of growth etc..Such as：
（1）Li etc. proposes the framework of a rolling bearing life prediction, and the framework includes a certainty damage propatagtion
Model, a diagnostic model and an adaptive algorithm.Wherein, diagnostic model is used to estimate defect chi from sensitivities signal
It is very little；Thus estimate, damage propatagtion model can calculate to obtain Defect expanding rate, and predict the lesion size of subsequent time；It is adaptive to calculate
Method is according to predicted value and the parameter of the deviation online updating damage propatagtion model of actual value.
（2）The system of information fusion framework, fusion method etc. one is discussed for the oily wet end part, Orsagh etc. of aircraft engine
Show the concept for closing fault diagnosis and prediction.In life prediction side under bearing touch failure conditions is discussed by taking bearing as an example
Method, Yu-Harris models are used before fragmentation germinates, fragmentation extended model is then used after fragmentation germinating.Meanwhile it also discuss
The method that Yu-Harris models and fragmentation extended model are randomized, this method consider load, misalign, lubricate and manufacture
During uncertain factor.
But above-mentioned two classes method and the mechanism that EMUs brake lining wears are entirely different, the technology neck of the present invention can not be applied to
Domain come solve the present invention technical problem.
2nd, the method based on experience
Method based on experience（empirical-based methods）, the also known as method of data-driven（data-
drivenmethods）, it is intended to directly from Condition Monitoring Data（And the historical data of same category of device）The remaining longevity of pre- measurement equipment
Life.
（1）Wujiang proposes a kind of forecast model based on Markov chain theory.With a certain group of planes brake block review time
It is defined as example, discusses the division of brake block state of wear, the construction of transition probability matrix and estimation respectively, and to the group of planes
Brake block state of wear is predicted that its prediction result is relatively coincide with actual inspection situation.
（2）The suggestions such as Yan using logistic regression come establish the characteristic variable of equipment and its failure probability it
Between contact, while be proposed with arma modeling and characteristic variable be predicted, predicted value is inputted into housebroken logistic
Model carries out predicting residual useful life.
（3）Yunfeng Zhang, Yang Liu etc. propose a kind of Forecasting Methodology based on fuzzy model, based on minimum
Square law, ambiguity and enchancement factor are considered when studying galling characteristic.Its experimental result is shown, in material and work
In the case that condition is similar, if providing influence factor, the abrasion of material after a period of time can be predicted with this method
Amount.
（4）Mahardhika Pratama etc. propose a kind of mixing dynamic fuzzy neural network（DFNN）And genetic algorithm
（GA）Cutter wear predicts milling process.Experimental study shows, this method and the algorithm that proposes not only caused multifunctionality
Higher precision of prediction, and faster training time, and be more compact and succinct network structure.
But brake pads of motor train unit, once installation, its abrasion condition is typically only capable to pull down rear manual measurement until overhaul,
EMUs running situation is complicated, the randomness of braking and sudden all very prominent therefore different with group of planes brake lining wear law,
Also can not be predicted using the methods of above-mentioned sub- study and training.
The Patents of abrasion evaluation method formation about plant equipment are simultaneously few.Wherein：
1. Li Fenghua of University Of Tianjin et al. 2011 is in " driving machine disk cutter wear extent estimates computational methods " patent
In start with from the corresponding relation formula established between disk cutter rotational frequency and frictional work, and then establish disk cutter rotate frequency
Corresponding relation formula between rate and wear extent, different time, the wear extent of diverse location disk cutter may finally be obtained.
2. the Robert of Bosch Co., Ltd and the Wang Zhanjiang of Tsing-Hua University et al. 2011 " wear extent determine method,
In slide contact member manufacture method and slide contact member " patent, the determination of slide contact member solid lubricant coating wear extent is given
Method, slide contact member manufacture method, propose based on load, contact site geometrical morphology, material parameter and calculate slip and connect
Contact element and between part contact be distributed, based on contact distribution, the speed of related movement of contact site, solid lubrication
The coefficient of waste of coating determines solid lubricant coating with time correlation wear extent.
3. M Ke Naisile of Schaeffler technical concern affiliated company etc. " are being used to determine that friction facing wears for 2013
In the patent of the method for amount ", it is proposed that determine oil-engine driven motor vehicle can the friction clutch of automation mechanized operation rub
The method for wiping gasket wear amount, clutch operating stroke earlier and the later clutch operating stroke are compared to each other simultaneously
Difference is determined, and then determines friction facing wear extent.
But the wear model of the wear model used in above-mentioned patent 1 and EMUs brake lining has a very big difference, and patent 2 and specially
The method that profit 3 is proposed is required to more detection parameters, in motor-car high-speed cruising, it is difficult to obtain corresponding data.Therefore
Above-mentioned three patents are not suitable for the wear extent estimation of EMUs brake lining.
The content of the invention
For above the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of EMUs brake lining wear extent based on on-line monitoring
Evaluation method.
The present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of evaluation method of the EMUs brake lining wear extent based on on-line monitoring, the evaluation method include following step
Suddenly：
1) EMUs running status, subsystem work state are monitored, and the train operating data of collection is sent
To ground receiving system；
2) ground receiving system stores to service data, and is filtered out from the data of reception in train operation
Speed, BC pressure, AC pressure and braking duration data；
3) the equivalent friction distance that the n-th moment pressure is acted on brake lining and brake disc is determined according to the data filtered out；
4) according to equivalent friction distance, BC pressure, the total wear extent of the n-th moment brake lining is determined.
The equivalent friction distance is：
Wherein：SnFor the equivalent friction distance of n-th minute brake lining and brake disc；α is proportionality coefficient, and computational methods are as being α=r/
R, wherein r are brake lining installation site and the distance of axis wheel, and R is radius of wheel；vnFor the speed of n-th minute；vn+1For n-th+
The speed of 1 minute.
The total wear extent of the n moment brake lining is：
Wherein：fBCFor EMUs BC pressure（By force）Value；β is BC pressure and normal pressure conversion coefficient；
Brake lining wear extent is directly proportional to the product of brake lining and the normal pressure of brake disc, and proportionality coefficient is set to：ρ, then at i-th minute
Wear extent εiCalculation formula is：
εi=ρ×fi×Si=ρ×β×fBCi×μ×Si=λfBCiSi（3）
Wherein：λ=ρ×β×μ.
The brake pad of EMUs is the critical component of brakes, and its performance quality is directly connected to the safety fortune of train
OK, often maintenance and replacing are needed because its handling characteristics makes it easier to abrasion.At present due to not good monitoring means, lock
Piece is by the unified replacing of distance travelled of train, i.e. plan and control.To ensure safety, distance travelled as defined in relevant departments is more protected
Keep so that excessively repair more generally, brake lining is made up of special alloy material, and usage quantity is also especially big（One train more than 280
Piece）, therefore larger waste is easily caused, more than 40% is accounted in maintenance cost.The present invention can be according to the system of every train
Emotionally condition, wear extent of the more accurate estimation per train brake pad, can on the premise of brake lining braking ability is ensured,
Extend the service life of brake lining, wasted so as to reduce, reduce maintenance cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：The inventive method flow chart.
Embodiment
To more fully understand the present invention, the side of the present invention is further illustrated by specific embodiment below in conjunction with Fig. 1
Case,
A kind of evaluation method of the EMUs brake lining wear extent based on on-line monitoring includes following content.
1. collecting method
Utilize EMUs mobile unit（WTD）EMUs running status, subsystem work state are monitored, and will be adopted
The train operating data of collection is sent to ground system（Send at intervals of 1 minute）, train operation is filtered out from the data of reception
In speed, BC pressure, AC pressure and the braking data such as duration, and it is 0 and wrong and irrational number to remove speed
According to, obtain be used for accurately calculate valid data.
2. the calculating for the distance that rubs
Due to train running speed be continually changing, calculate each minute pressure act on it is actual on brake lining and brake disc
Distance（And frictional distance）It can be calculated with the average speed of this minute, specific formula is as follows：
Wherein：SnFor the equivalent friction distance of n-th minute brake lining and brake disc；α is proportionality coefficient, and computational methods are as being α=r/
R, wherein r are brake lining installation site and the distance of axis wheel, and R is radius of wheel；vnFor the speed of n-th minute；vn+1For n-th+
The speed of 1 minute.
3. the calculating of brake lining wear extent
Because the material of brake lining and brake disc is fixed alloy material, after of short duration break-in, it is believed that brake lining and lock
The dynamic friction factor of disk is intended to a stable constant, is set to μ.And then kinetic force of friction f can be obtained and be：
f=βfBC×μ （2）
Wherein：fBCFor EMUs BC pressure（By force）Value；β is BC pressure and normal pressure conversion coefficient.
Brake lining wear extent is directly proportional to the product of brake lining and the normal pressure of brake disc, and proportionality coefficient is set to：ρ, then at i-th minute
Wear extent εiCalculation formula is：
εi=ρ×fi×Si=ρ×β×fBCi×μ×Si=λfBCiSi（3）
Wherein：λ=ρ×β×μ.Then the total wear extent of n moment brake linings is：
4. λ determination method
λ determination can use least square method, and specific method is as follows：
For brake lining j（J=1,2 ..., NN is the quantity for being detected brake lining）, using being passed under the vehicle-mounted detection device of EMUs
EMUs service data fjBCiAnd utilize formula（1）The S of calculatingJi, can obtainBy in-site measurement brake lining same
The attrition value ε of one periodjn.It is hereby achieved that following corresponding data table：
Table 1
By formula（4）Understand, for parameter lambda, actual measured value and calculated value can produce certain error, now require this error
Quadratic sum it is minimum, i.e. formula
It is minimum.Above formula obtains to λ derivations：
Above formula is made to be obtained for 0：
I.e.
Then：
5. brake lining wear extent is estimated
According to formula（5）, for brake lining j（J=1,2 ..., NN is the quantity for being detected brake lining）, then its mill after n minutes
Damage amount εjnFor：
Wherein, fjBCiObtained in the data that can be passed down from vehicle-mounted detection device；SjiFormula can be used（1）Calculate.
Monitoring is tracked for four brake linings of a motor-car in certain domestic type EMUs, to verify this invention
Validity, detailed process and result are described below：
1. data are largely detected and calculated according to early stage, and this paper formula（5）, λ estimated value is obtained, is：
λ=1.875×10-8
2. going within every ten days motor-car servicing center scene, 4 brake lining thickness of designated vehicle are tested, meanwhile, statistics is originally
Stage motor-car concerned brake data, i.e. BC pressure（fjBCi）And the corresponding time, recycle（1）Formula calculates equivalent friction distance
Sji。
3. using herein（6）The pre- appraisal of abrasion can be calculated.Result of calculation see the table below with measured result.
As seen from the above table, the worst error of measured value and estimated value is 0.3mm；The mean square deviation of error is：
At present, the application of bullet train group brake lining thickness prediction or blank, the metering list of brake lining thickness in existing regulations
Position or millimeter（mm）, such as：The original depth of EMUs brake lining is 17mm, must be changed when thickness there remains 7mm.Thus may be used
See, application demand is fully achieved to the estimation precision of brake lining wear extent in the present invention.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the field, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other changes in different forms, all embodiments can not be exhaustive here, it is every to belong to this hair
Row of the obvious changes or variations that bright technical scheme is extended out still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. evaluation method of the EMUs brake lining wear extent based on on-line monitoring, it is characterised in that the evaluation method bag Include following steps：1) EMUs running status, subsystem work state are monitored, and the train operating data of collection is sent to ground Face reception system；2) ground receiving system is stored to service data, and the speed in train operation is filtered out from the data of reception Degree, BC pressure, AC pressure and braking duration data；3) the equivalent friction distance that the n-th moment pressure is acted on brake lining and brake disc is determined according to the data filtered out；4) according to equivalent friction distance, BC pressure, the total wear extent of the n-th moment brake lining is determined, specifically,The equivalent friction distance is：<mrow> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>&times;</mo> <mn>1000</mn> <mo>&divide;</mo> <mn>60</mn> <mo>&ap;</mo> <mi>&alpha;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&times;</mo> <mn>8.33</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein：SnFor the equivalent friction distance of n-th minute brake lining and brake disc；α is proportionality coefficient, and computational methods are α=r/R, wherein R is brake lining installation site and the distance of axis wheel, and R is radius of wheel；vnFor the speed of n-th minute；vn+1For (n+1)th minute Speed；The total wear extent of the n moment brake lining is：<mrow> <mi>&epsiv;</mi> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&epsiv;</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mi>C</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>;</mo> </mrow>In formula,εi=ρ × fi×Si=ρ × β × fBCi×μ×Si=λ fBCiSi；λ=ρ × β × μ；fi=β fBCi×μ；Wherein, ε is the total wear extent of the n moment brake lining；εiFor i-th minute brake lining wear extent；λ is equivalent constant；fBCiFor i points Clock-powered vehicle group BC pressure values；SiFor i-th minute equivalent friction distance；ρ is brake lining wear extent and the malleation of brake lining and brake disc The proportionality coefficient of the product of power；fiFor i-th minute kinetic force of friction；β is BC pressure and normal pressure conversion coefficient；μ is brake lining and lock The constant for the stabilization that the dynamic friction factor of disk tends to.
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| CN105115916A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-02 | 北京新联铁科技股份有限公司 | Method for monitoring equipment wear during CRH train running |
| DE102015113587A1 (en) | 2015-08-17 | 2017-02-23 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Linear sensor for a brake |
| CN105151970B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-15 | 洛阳普凡电气自动化有限公司 | A kind of on-Line Monitor Device for judging that elevator brake disc coefficient of friction reduces |
| CN105758656A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-07-13 | 西南交通大学 | Safety management system for high-speed train braking component |
| CN107893828B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2023-10-13 | 中国铁路通信信号上海工程局集团有限公司 | Real-time on-line monitoring system for abrasion condition of brake pad of motor train unit |
| CN107878431A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-06 | 浙江中谷车桥有限公司 | Rear axle of electric automobile ABS system |
| CN108188880A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-22 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | A kind of Braking System for Multiple Units eccentric wear amount transfinites the restorative procedure of brake lining |
| CN109333160B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-09-22 | 西北工业大学 | Online monitoring method for abrasion form and abrasion state of drill bit in high-temperature alloy drilling process |
| CN109435936B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2023-08-04 | 眉山中车制动科技股份有限公司 | Dual-channel data transmission train braking monitoring system |
| JP2020183767A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-11-12 | 株式会社東芝 | Abrasion prediction device, abrasion prediction method and computer program |
| CN110674752B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2023-06-20 | 广东省智能机器人研究院 | Tool wear state identification and prediction method based on hidden Markov model |
| CN110905951B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-11-26 | 深圳鼎然信息科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for dynamically monitoring automobile brake pad abrasion in real time |
| CN112750103B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2024-02-02 | 成都主导科技有限责任公司 | Train brake pad thickness detection method and system thereof |
| CN114838071B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2024-05-03 | 浙江成峰实业有限公司 | Brake pad abrasion online monitoring and brake pad service life estimation method |
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