CN1037377A - Steam power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of steam boiler power generation equipment that includes by the firing unit heating. it has improved this class power generating equipment in the past, thereby uses cheap high viscosity refining residue to generate electricity effectively.Embodiment of the present invention are: input fuel channel baker (18,60) finally lead to firing unit (28,50), the high viscosity refining residue is heated to 400 to 600 degrees centigrade, deliver to the fractionating tower (19 of baker back, 61), warmed-up refining residue is separated into the part of gasification, atomizing and discharges surplus slag in tower.The firing unit of steam boiler (6,48) delivered to the surplus slag of tower bottom by dispatch pipe (26,68).

Description

Steam power plant

The present invention relates to a kind of steam power plant, promptly include a steam power plant by the steam boiler of firing unit heating.

The steam boiler of this steam power plant normally heats by combusting heavy oil.The mode of heating of this combusting heavy oil is than lacking such as the required investment cost of alternate manners such as combusting coal fines, but also must make other sacrifice simultaneously for this reason, promptly pays than higher fuel cost expense.

In the process of purification refining petroleum, be separated into different distillates during the fractionation tower of crude oil by mutual serial connection, differentiate that wherein separating different distillates is based on their boiling point differences separately.Through fractionation, last left be that a kind of viscosity is very high even be the residue of pitch shape.This residue has any commercial value hardly, is applied to the industry of pitch pitch articles mostly.People are for a long time always in effort, attempt the refining residue of the high viscosity of this cheapness fuel as the power station.Up to now, the reward examination around this purpose is carried out can be grouped into two different thinkings:

Article one, thinking is, be worth the refining residue of this high viscosity and other higher but rare matter fluid good fluidity fully mixes, its viscosity is decreased, so that do not need the condition of excessive temperature to take out by pump, and can be by the jet atomization of combustion mouth in combustion furnace the time.Yet what can not evade the question is, so, has partly lost with the refining residue of this high viscosity advantage of low cost that is had that acts as a fuel.

Another thinking is, manages to make the refining residue of this high viscosity to be in all the time in the hot environment of appropriateness, allows it still be in a liquid state, keep mobile, takes out and can send to burning through after the further preheating in order to pump.This hydrocarbon only is in the combustion process that the state of sending atomizing forth could form steady ordered down, and for course of injection, require viscosity that fluid presents when the time comes and carry out pump and take out required fluid viscosity also low (reaching 25 centistokes), so before facing burning, must carry out once further preheating again than satisfying., if satisfy the danger that the requirement of above-mentioned all high temperature certainly will increase accidental ignition again.In addition, because this high temperature requires such preheating may cause the high-pressure section of steam turbine outwards to spread vapour, perhaps must use fresh steam.Also have a ubiquitous problem, promptly in the residue of this high viscosity, contain the oxious component of high concentration etching apparatus, and contain sulphur.The flue gas that the burning back generates both may cause high temperature erosion to equipment, may cause low temperature to corrode again.

Task of the present invention is: seek an approach, make the refining residue of this high viscosity to be fully burned in power generating equipment with reasonable manner more.In this scheme, should both not require power generating equipment was done too high investment, do not rely on yet and buy those more valuable fuel, and the cheap advantage of just giving full play to, utilize this refining residue self to be had.

The method that solves this task is embodied in the described feature of claim 1.Be embodied in claim 2 to the content of claim 7 to further replenishing of this solution is perfect.

Its embodiment is: a pipeline baker of input fuel finally leads to the firing unit of steam boiler, this pipeline baker is heated to 400 to 600 degrees centigrade with the refining residue of high viscosity, be transported to the fractionating tower that joins later then, fractionating tower is isolated gasification and the part that has atomized and is discharged surplus slag from heated refining residue, the surplus slag that the dispatch pipe is discharged the fractionating tower bottom is transported to the firing unit of steam boiler.The refining residue of high viscosity is transported to the realization of this whole process of steam boiler, all need not to mix and be worth higher lightweight refined oil.In the pipeline baker, refining residue has been finished a heat and has been urged cracking process, makes to cause the long hydrocarbon chain of high viscosity characteristic destroyed in its internal structure, forms a kind of be made up of different hydrocarbons, lower mixture of viscosity generally.The degree highly significant that this viscosity reduces, even if that discharged bottom fractionating tower afterwards is that part of, their pump is taken out and stored also and can carry out under obviously lower temperature, and also needn't carry out the desired the sort of high temperature preheating of technology in the past when they are delivered to the heavy oil burner and go to burn earlier.

Though this is a well known fact in petrochemical industry, promptly to the higher fraction of viscosity more in addition high temperature make its cracking, can improve for the wherein recovery of lightweight composition.Also always also have the higher residue of a kind of viscosity left but do like this, up to the present this thing mainly can only be promoted to pitch processing factory.If yet obtained the right to use of this Heavy Oil Burning Techniques proposed by the invention from now on, so just this class residue can be used for fully generating.

About the further perfect implementing measure of the present invention be: the other end that is connecting the dispatch pipe at fractionating tower top can be stretched in the drainer, the material that extract out at this drainer top will be transported to pipeline baker the heat medium as the there.This measure can be saved and be bought the required special heat medium of pipeline baker proper functioning.

Further expanding additional implementing measure about the present invention is: the product that the drainer bottom can be discharged is transported to the firing unit of steam boiler.Like this, the surplus slag of discharging from fractionating tower bottom be owing to here can at first mix mutually with that part of liquefaction thing that obtains by cracking process, thereby further reduced its viscosity, is sent to the combustion mouth of steam boiler firing chamber then.

One of the present invention is extended the implementing measure that expands, both embodied a notable feature of the present invention, be again the way that improves power generating equipment efficient greatly simultaneously: if a gas turbine generator is serially connected by pipeline and steam boiler plant, the waste gas that firing unit produced of steam boiler flows to gas turbine generator with regard to the carrier that can be used as heat and oxygen so.So the product that discharge the drainer bottom also will be transported to the firing chamber of gas turbine, as fuel there.For gas turbine self, use the refining residue of high viscosity as work fuel indirectly like this if also be, so just can normally work, though can invade the corrosivity composition that oozes parts because in heavy residue, retaining, but they will be discharged by the bottom of fractionating tower, can't arrive responsive especially gas turbine, in a word in this case, the combination of combustion gas and steam turbin generator can obtain very high whole efficiency.

To describe by means of two concrete schematic representation of implementing example about further details of the present invention.They are respectively:

Fig. 1 one interlocks the simplified schematic diagram of the steam turbine generation device of then handling high viscosity refining residue device;

Fig. 2 one interlocks the simplified schematic diagram of the combustion gas of then handling high viscosity refining residue device and steam turbine generation device combination.

In Fig. 1, can see a steam turbin generator group 1 and a system 2 that handles the high viscosity refining residue.In that part of diagram of thermal power generation unit, can see that one is given water pot 3 and the feed water pump 4 that is connected in series in proper order with it, feed water preheater 5, steam boiler 6, steam superheater 7 and string high-pressure steam turbine machine 8 endways.The waste vapour dispatch pipeline 9 of high-pressure steam turbine machine 8 connects by a middle low-pressure superheater 10 and leads to a medium pressure steam turbo machine 11 and a pressure steam turbine 12.The waste vapour dispatch pipeline 13 of pressure steam turbine 12 connects and leads to condenser 14, and condenser 14 is connected with giving water pot 3 through a condensate pump 15.The waste gas dispatch pipeline 9 of high-pressure steam turbine machine 8 is also connecting feed water preheater 5 in addition respectively and is giving water pot 3.High pressure, middle pressure, pressure steam turbine and the generator 16 that is driven by them all are assembled on the common shaft 17.

The processing system 2 of high viscosity refining residue includes a pipeline baker 18,19, one drainer 21 and the storage tanks 22 that are connected with fractionating tower top dispatch pipe 20 of fractionating tower that are connected with the pipeline baker.Wherein drainer also can be combined with fractionating tower.What storage tank stored is to extract the liquefaction thing that transports by elevator pump 23 from the drainer bottom.The pump-line 24 at drainer 21 tops is connected with the fuel inlet opening 25 of pipeline baker 18.The dispatch pipeline 26 of fractionating tower 19 bottoms is connected with the heavy oil burner 28 of steam boiler 6 through a transfer pump 27.Also can middlely insert a storage tank here.Stretch into the blast pipe 29 that also has of burner, the primary air that is blown into burner is to be sent here by the blower 30 of a driven by motor.The outlet of storage tank 22 is connecting the dispatch pipe 26 to heavy oil burner 28 transfer the fuels of steam boiler too.

When 1 running of steam turbin generator group, sent to pipeline baker 18 by the refining residue of the high viscosity of preheating in early stage in the mode that is not described further here, be heated to 450 to 500 degrees centigrade there.Like this, the length that hot coil should be laid in the pipeline baker just depends on the refining residue flowing velocity of predesignating therein, and the refining residue that will satisfy high viscosity in a word is enough to be heated to more than 450 degrees centigrade passing in these a few minutes of pipeline baker.Under this temperature, long molecular chain destructurized forms short even the hydrocarbon of short molecular chain structure fully.Thereby the viscosity of refining residue is reduced greatly.Thereby this mixture that is subjected to overbaking heat treatment to have the hydrocarbon of fabulous flowability under this temperature then is transported to fractionating tower 19.They are separated into two-part there, and a part is the composition that is in the gasification that can be taken away by blower fan at the fractionating tower top, has atomized, and a part is the liquid object that is gathered in fractionating tower 19 bottoms.Handle through separated, be in the gasification that can aspirate out at fractionating tower 19 tops, at this moment temperature is still very high for the atomizing composition, for example is 400 to 450 degree, they are sent in the drainer 21, ambient temperature there by refrigeration to a certain degree.Will assemble the product that is in a liquid state at normal temperatures in the bottom of drainer 21 like this.What be in the drainer top is the material that still is gaseous state at normal temperatures, and they can be continued to take away.These gaseous state compositions will connected exhaust tube 24 sucking-offs at drainer 21 tops and be transported to pipeline baker 18 the fuel as the there by one.In bulk temperature is the liquid object that assemble the bottom of the fractionating tower 19 more than 400 degrees centigrade, is sent to the heavy oil burner 28 of steam boiler 6 through an infusion pump 27, and mixes with primary air that blower 30 is sent here there and burn.In the middle of the pipeline of heavy oil burner transfer the fuel, also can install a storage tank (not shown) from the fractionating tower bottom additional, measure transfer the fuel then as required.The poly-liquefaction thing to drainer 21 bottoms of stream will be pumped in the storage tank 22 through an elevator pump 23.They will be measured as required in the fuel-supply pipe 26 of extracting and deliver to the heavy oil burner from storage tank out and mix.They also can offer other otherwise application.

The steam that steam boiler 6 produces is transported in the high-pressure steam turbine machine 8 through drying, the Overheating Treatment of superheater 7.The Overheating Treatment that the waste vapour that the high-pressure steam turbine machine is discharged passes through intermediate superheater 10 again again, then as medium pressure steam be sent to the coaxial mounted medium pressure steam turbo machine 11 of high-pressure steam turbine machine in, then deliver in turn in the pressure steam turbine 12 again.The waste gas that pressure steam turbine 12 is discharged is condensed in condenser 14, and the condensed water of formation is withdrawn into in the water pot 3 through condensate pump 15.Feed water pump 4 draws water from give water pot and supplies to feed water preheater 5, through the water of feed water preheater then supply constantly in steam boiler.Feed water preheater 5 can be heated by the part waste vapour that the high-pressure steam turbine machine that exhaust steam pipe 9 shuntings come is discharged.

By a kind of like this structure that contains steam turbin generator group 1, just can use cheap high viscosity refining residue as fuel used to generate electricity, and those refining residues still are difficult to development and use so far, can only supply with pitch articles industry.It is not high that the required additional expenses of the processing system 2 of one cover high viscosity refining residue are set for this reason, and do not need auxiliary fuel.

The embodiment who goes out illustrated in Figure 2 comprises: a steam turbin generator group 31 handling the system 33 of high viscosity refining residue of being furnished with a Gas Turbine Generating Units 32 and being connected with two generator set.The equipment of forming Gas Turbine Generating Units 32 has: a combustion gas turbine 34 is installed in an air compressor 36 and a generator 37 on the same axis 35 and an ajutage 38 that is connected to the air compressor of firing chamber 39 with combustion gas turbine.

The formation of steam turbin generator group 31 is similar to corresponding equipment in Fig. 1 example: high-pressure steam turbine machine 41, medium pressure steam turbo machine 42 and pressure steam turbine 43 are installed on the same axis 40, and they are driving generator 44.Steam turbin generator group 31 connecting a feed water pump 46, a feed water preheater 47 and a steam boiler 48,48 for water pot 45 to link to each other with superheater heating surface 49.Similar to example shown in Figure 1, the steam boiler 48 here also is that different here is by 50 heating of heavy oil burner: the waste gas of discharging from gas turbine 34 also is sent to the heavy oil burner as the carrier of oxygen through exhaust piping 51.Still temperature was higher after these waste gas passed steam boiler 48, used for the there preheating so they are transported to the feed water preheater 52 that is connected with steam boiler.This is by the feed water preheater 52 of flue gas heating, and the feed water preheater 47 that heats with above-mentioned a part of waste vapour that is discharged by high-pressure steam turbine machine 41 is connected in parallel.The exhaust steam pipe of high-pressure steam turbine machine 41 passes an intermediate superheating flat heated 54 and is connected with medium pressure steam turbo machine 42 then.The exhaust steam pipe 55 of pressure steam turbine 43 leads to a condenser 56.The outlet of condenser 56 is connecting the condensate pipe 58 of being furnished with condensate pump 57, thereby condensed water can be sent back to water pot 45.

The processing system 33 of high viscosity refining residue is basic identical with the corresponding system 2 in the enforcement example shown in Figure 1, and it is made up of a pipeline baker 60, fractionating tower 61, a drainer 63 and a storage tank 64 too.The outlet of pipeline baker 60 is being communicated with fractionating tower 61, and the dispatch pipeline 62 at fractionating tower 61 tops is connecting drainer 63, and what collect in storage tank 64 is the liquefaction products that is extracted from drainer 63 bottoms by elevator pump 65.Here, drainer also can be combined into one with fractionating tower.In addition, the gaseous state composition of extracting out from condenser overhead through exhaust tube 66 also will be transported to pipeline baker 60 the fuel as the there, lead to the steam boiler plant of steam turbin generator group 31 and be used for the conveyance conduit 68 of dispatch fractionating tower bottom liquid composition through an infusion pump 67.Here different with example shown in Figure 1 is: have two ends connecting the fuel channel 70 of the firing chamber 39 of storage tank 64 and gas turbine 34 respectively here, it is taken away from storage tank and is stored in a part of liquid that the there has become normal temperature, is sent to gas turbine combustion.

How the combustion gas, the steam turbin generator group that the following describes among Fig. 2 embodiment work.The gas turbine 34 that links to each other with storage tank 64 is actually by driving from the normal-temperature liquefaction thing of drainer 63 bottoms.The primary air that these liquefaction things are sent here with the blower 36 of gas turbine group 32 in firing chamber 39 mixes and burns, and removes propelling gas turbine engine 34 then.At this moment, air compressor and the generator 37 that is installed on the same axis 35 with gas turbine 34 also is driven drive simultaneously.The waste gas that gas turbine is discharged is sent in the heavy oil burner 50 of the steam boiler 48 in the steam turbin generator group 31 as the carrier of heat and oxygen, and it is transported to feed water preheater 52 as flue gas again to pass heavy oil burner 50.The heavy composition that flows to the bottom in fractionating tower 61 is extracted out the heavy oil burner 50 that is transported to steam boiler 48 by infusion pump 67.

Identical with embodiment shown in Figure 1, the steam that is produced by steam boiler 48, cross through superheater 49 dryings and Overheating Treatment will be transported to high-pressure steam turbine machine 41, pass an intermediate superheater 54 afterwards again and be transported to the medium pressure steam turbo machine, then be transported to pressure steam turbine then again therefrom.These three steam turbines are driving jointly with them and are being installed in generator 44 on the same axis 40.The waste vapour that pressure steam turbine 43 is discharged will be condensed in condenser 56, condensed water is transferred back through condensate pump 57 and gives water pot 45, under the effect of feed water pump 46, bring in constant renewal in injection feed water preheater 47 and 52 for the water in the water pot, just be pumped to steam boiler 48 then.In this flow process as shown in Figure 2, the part of feedwater will be that the feed water preheater 52 by flue gas heating carries out preheating.This is different with the embodiment of Fig. 1 as can be seen, thereby here medium pressure steam turbo machine 42 and pressure steam turbine 43 just can obtain some extra steam flow and come work done.

In the enforcement example of this combustion gas, steam turbin generator group, the firing chamber 39 of gas turbine 34 is that the normal-temperature liquefaction thing that utilizes drainer 63 bottoms to collect acts as a fuel.Can extract corresponding this liquefaction thing more or less out from storage tank 64 and go according to the requirement of carrying as fuel at every turn.Also there is such possibility in addition, is about to this normal-temperature liquefaction thing and in conveyance conduit 68, mixes, can further reduce the viscosity of those compositions like this with the composition that the sort of raising temperature of fractionating tower 61 bottoms discharge could flow.When gas turbine group breaks down, can make steam turbine group this part continue operation independently by enraged blower fan 69 once.

Claims (8)

1, includes a steam power plant by the steam boiler of firing unit heating, it is characterized in that: a pipeline baker (18 of input fuel, 60) finally lead to firing unit (28,50), this pipeline baker is heated to 400 to 600 degrees centigrade with the refining residue of high viscosity, be transported to the fractionating tower (19 that baker joins later then, 61) the fractionating tower part from heated refining residue, isolating gasification and atomized, dispatch pipe (26,68) the surplus slag that the fractionating tower bottom is discharged is transported to the firing unit of steam boiler (6,48).

2, steam power plant as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: connecting fractionating tower (19,61) the dispatch pipe (20 at top, 62) the other end stretches into drainer (21,63) in, the material that extract out at the drainer top is transported to pipeline baker (18,60) the heat medium as the there.

3, steam power plant as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the firing unit (see figure 1) that will be transported to steam boiler (4,48) by the composition of drainer (21,63) bottom discharge.

4, steam power plant as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: one is burnt gas turbine generator (32) and has pipeline to communicate with steam boiler equipment (48), the waste gas that firing unit in the steam boiler is discharged will be transported to gas turbine generator and go there as the carrier of heat and oxygen, the composition that discharge drainer (63) bottom will be transported to firing chamber (39) (see figure 2) of combustion gas turbine.

5, any steam power plant described in the every claim in front is characterized in that: the composition that conveyance conduit is got rid of drainer (21,63) bottom is delivered directly to a storage tank (22,64), to realize utilization (28,39,50) once more.

6, any steam power plant described in the every claim in front is characterized in that: the product that conveyance conduit (26,68) is discharged fractionating tower (19,61) bottom is delivered directly to a storage tank, to realize utilization (28,50) once more.

7, any steam power plant described in every as described above claim is characterized in that: refining residue is heated to 450 to 500 degrees centigrade in pipeline baker (18,60).

8,, it is characterized in that fractionating tower and a drainer are combined into one as claim 1 and 2 described steam power plants.